1868 — US President Andrew Johnson pardons former Confederate soldiersPresident Andrew Johnson Pardoning Rebels at the White House en.wikipedia.orgNearly a century later, on Christmas Day 1868, US President Andrew Johnson extended a full pardon and amnesty "to all and to every person who, directly or indirectly, participated in the late insurrection or rebellion."
At war's end, however, he seemed to determine to punish those who had rebelled to preserve the institution of slavery.
The day after being sworn in as the nation's president, Johnson said that "treason must be made infamous, and traitors must be impoverished."
Prior to this blanket Christmas Day amnesty, southerners who had fought for the Confederacy could obtain a pardon provided only that they swore allegiance to the Union (top officials were excluded).
Under "Proclamation 179," pardons were extended "to every person who, directly or indirectly, participated in the late insurrection."