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CNN —The Hubble Space Telescope captured an unexpected observation of a nearby planet that’s having its atmosphere blasted away by energetic outbursts from its star. As the planet is blasted by radiation, its atmosphere heats to the point that it escapes the planet’s gravity and puffs out into space. The planet gets hit with flares, X-rays and stellar wind, or a charged stream of particles released from the star. “This creates a really unconstrained and frankly, scary, stellar wind environment that’s impacting the planet’s atmosphere,” Rockcliffe said. Astronomers will conduct more follow-up observations of the system with Hubble to track how the planet changes in the future.
Persons: Hubble, NASA’s, “ We’ve, , Keighley Rockcliffe, , , ” Rockliffe, ” Rockcliffe, Rockcliffe Organizations: CNN, Hubble, Spitzer, Telescope, Keighley, Dartmouth College Locations: Hanover , New Hampshire
Uncovering a lost Maya city in the jungle
  + stars: | 2023-07-29 | by ( Ashley Strickland | ) edition.cnn.com   time to read: +6 min
Once upon a planetShown here are the remains of a building with a staircase that once stood within the ancient city of Ocomtún on the Yucatán Peninsula. Ivan Šprajc/ZRC SAZUA lost Maya city abandoned more than 1,000 years ago has been found in the jungles of Campeche on Mexico’s Yucatán Peninsula. Other worldsThis illustration shows what the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope will look like in orbit. These cold, faint worlds are incredibly difficult to detect — but not for the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope. Across the universeThe James Webb Space Telescope captured a high-resolution image of Herbig-Haro 46/47, an actively forming pair of stars.
Persons: Indiana Jones, Ivan Šprajc, Juan Carlos Fernandez, Diaz, Fernandez, Nancy Grace, NASA’s, James Webb, Webb, — Carl Sagan’s, Ludwig van Beethoven, , Ashley Strickland, Katie Hunt Organizations: CNN, “ Raiders, SAZU, University of Houston, Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Hubble, Telescope, NASA, James Webb Space, DePasquale, ESA, Medical University of Vienna, CNN Space, Science Locations: Ocomtún, Campeche, Mexico’s Yucatán, Vietnam, Southeast Asia
Christopher Nolan's new film 'Oppenheimer' features complex science. Science advisors on his latest film, "Oppenheimer," told Insider that's because he teaches himself the science before he even sits down to write. Thorne, who attended lectures by the real J. Robert Oppenheimer while studying at Princeton, has first-hand knowledge about Oppenheimer the man, not just his science. So he said that he clarified and expanded on some of the interactions these famous men would have had with one another for Nolan's film. Oppenheimer was an expert in quantum physics, and was responsible for bringing the discipline to the US, Thorne said.
Persons: Christopher Nolan's, Oppenheimer, Nolan, Christopher Nolan, Tenet, he's, Kip Thorne, Thorne, Robert Oppenheimer, it's, David Saltzberg, Saltzberg, Prefacing he's Organizations: Service, Princeton, UCLA, Trinity Locations: Wall, Silicon
CNN —When NASA’s next-generation space observatory launches in a few years, the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope will expand the search for exoplanets as well as rogue planets, or worlds that travel through space without orbiting stars. Understanding these rogue planets could shed more light on the formation, evolution and disruption of planetary systems. This illustration shows what the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope will look like in orbit. But rogue planets are likely much smaller. Telescopes like Hubble and the James Webb Space Telescope have enabled astronomers to observe large, glowing gas giant exoplanets called hot Jupiters.
Persons: NASA’s, Nancy Grace, Nancy Grace Roman, NASA's, , , David Bennett, Microlensing, Takahiro Sumi, , Naoki Koshimoto, ” Sumi, Hubble, Vanessa Bailey, Roman’s, James Webb, Bailey, coronagraph, “ It’s, ” Bailey Organizations: CNN, Hubble, NASA's Goddard Space, Mount John University Observatory, Goddard Space Flight, Osaka University, Engineers, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Locations: New, Greenbelt , Maryland, Pasadena , California, Webb
CNN —Astronomers have detected water vapor swirling close to a nearby star — indicating that the planets forming around it might someday be able to support life. Water vapor mysteryAstronomers were surprised to discover water vapor near the star given its age. The presence of water vapor suggests the planets could contain water in some form. Webb's Mid-Infrared Instrument detected emission lines from water vapor in the inner disk around the star. The research team plans to observe the system with Webb more in the future to reveal additional secrets as a planetary system takes shape.
Persons: Olmsted, Webb, , , Giulia Perotti, Max Planck, Rens Waters, Thomas Henning Organizations: CNN —, NASA, ESA, CSA, J, Max, Max Planck Institute, Astronomy, Radboud University Locations: Heidelberg, Germany, Netherlands
Astronomers have come across the shiniest planet ever found, a mere 265 light years from our solar system. Shrouded by thick metallic clouds, this world’s temperature reaches a blistering 3,000 degrees Fahrenheit, and it quite likely rains scorching-hot drops of titanium. The find, named LTT 9779 b, was described in a paper published this month in the journal Astronomy & Astrophysics. Nearly five times as big as Earth, it’s one of the few ultrahot, gaseous exoplanets of this size that scientists have discovered. But LTT 9779 b, which sprints around its star once every 19 hours, is midsize — making it one of four or five planets in the so-called Neptune desert, and the only one with an intact atmosphere.
Persons: , James Jenkins Organizations: Astrophysics, Diego Portales University, NASA’s Locations: Chile
The master recordings of the Voyager Golden Record still have their original boxes. Courtesy Sotheby'sNow, a copy of the master recording for NASA’s Voyager Golden Record — the one kept by the late astronomer Carl Sagan and his wife, producer Ann Druyan — will be for sale at Sotheby’s New York on Thursday. Both Voyager spacecraft carry a copy of the Golden Record. Each record cover was etched with symbols depicting how to locate the sun and instructions on how to play the record. Engineers can be seen securing the cover over the Voyager 1 Golden Record in 1977.
Persons: Carl Sagan, Ann Druyan —, Chuck Berry’s, Johnny B, Goode, Sagan, Frank Drake, Linda Salzman, , , Suzanne Dodd, Dodd, ” Dodd, they’ve Organizations: CNN, NASA’s, Sotheby’s, Columbia Recording, United Nations, Cornell University, NASA, Voyager, JPL, Caltech, Engineers, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Neptune, Hulton, Locations: York, Senegalese, Peruvian, Indian, Pasadena , California
Peculiar dead white dwarf star has two faces
  + stars: | 2023-07-24 | by ( Ashley Strickland | ) edition.cnn.com   time to read: +5 min
CNN —Astronomers have made a first-of-its-kind discovery — a white dwarf star with two completely different faces. White dwarfs are burnt remains of dead stars. The newly discovered white dwarf has two sides, one made of hydrogen and the other made of helium. Researchers have nicknamed the star Janus, for the Roman god of transition, which has two faces. “We might have possibly caught one such white dwarf in the act.”As the white dwarf cools over time, the heavier and lighter materials may mix together.
Persons: Janus, , Ilaria Caiazzo, Caiazzo, Neil Gehrels, ” Caiazzo, , K, Miller, James Fuller Organizations: CNN —, California Institute of Technology, Observatory, Gran, Canarias, Keck, Caltech Locations: Canary, Maunakea, Hawaii
Cillian Murphy plays the "father of the atomic bomb", J. Robert Oppenheimer, in the new film. Science advisors said Murphy asked questions about the theories to accurately portray his character. For his part, Thorne met Murphy virtually and talked with him about scientific theory broadly, and Oppenheimer the man, whom Thorne studied under at Princeton, personally. Saltzberg met Murphy while working with production designers to draft the equations written on the chalkboards throughout the movie. For his role as a physicist in the 2007 movie "Sunshine", Murphy met with scientists at CERN to prepare for the role.
Persons: Cillian Murphy, Robert Oppenheimer, Murphy, Oppenheimer, Kip Thorne, David Saltzberg, Thorne, Saltzberg, Murphy didn't, he's Organizations: Service, UCLA, Princeton, CERN, Guardian, Demand Entertainment Locations: Wall, Silicon, Hollywood
In those moments, it became the brightest source of radio waves viewable from Earth through radio telescopes, acting like a celestial lighthouse. The object, dubbed GPM J1839−10, released radio waves every 22 minutes. “The object we’ve discovered is spinning way too slowly to produce radio waves — it’s below the death line,” Hurley-Walker said. “Assuming it’s a magnetar, it shouldn’t be possible for this object to produce radio waves. The intense, millisecond-long bursts of radio waves have unknown origins, but magnetars have been pinpointed as a potential cause.
Persons: Tyrone O’Doherty, , Natasha Hurley, Walker, Hurley, ” Hurley, it’s Organizations: CNN —, Curtin University, Curtin, International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research, Giant Locations: Australia, Western Australia, South Africa, India, USA
CNN —Astronomers may have found a rare “sibling” that shares the same orbit of a Jupiter-like planet around a young star. Two Jupiter-like planets, known as PDS 70b and PDS 70c, are already known to orbit the star. Evidence for Trojans beyond our solar system — specifically Trojan planets — has been sparse until now. The signal suggested a cloud of debris with a mass of about twice that of our moon, which could be a Trojan planet or a planet in formation. A cloud of debris (circled by a yellow dotted line) may be a newly forming planet in the same orbit as the planet PDS 70b.
Persons: , Olga Balsalobre, Lucy, “ Exotrojans, Jorge Lillo, Itziar De Gregorio, Monsalvo, , Ruza, ALMA Organizations: CNN —, Astrophysics, Madrid’s, Astrobiology, IAU, Southern, Science, NASA Locations: ALMA, Chile
Experts who spoke to Insider say radio astronomy helps us study dark matter and look for alien life. The Starlink satellites — chosen for their abundance in the sky compared to other low-orbit satellites — were observed using the Low-Frequency Array telescope in the Netherlands. Using the telescope, scientists detected frequencies from the Starlink satellites at 110 to 188 megahertz — a unit of measure used for electromagnetic waves. "We are not saying that right now that radio astronomy is doomed, and that we will not be able to do astronomy anymore. There is also the financial loss: Millions of dollars go into planning and building these massive radio telescopes over decades.
Persons: Elon, Vahe, Peroomian, Federico Di Vruno, Di Vruno, Jean, Luc Margot, we're, Margot, Musk Organizations: Elon Musk's, Service, Netherlands Institute of Radio Astronomy, Astrophysics, SpaceX, University of Southern, Federal Communications Commission, Iridium, Elon Musk Locations: Wall, Silicon, Netherlands, Europe, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
CNN —The James Webb Space Telescope has delivered yet another astounding discovery, spying an active supermassive black hole deeper into the universe than has ever been recorded. And scientists were perplexed to find just how small the celestial object’s central black hole measures. “This black hole clocks in at about 9 million solar masses,” according to a NASA news release. Into the CEERS 1019 galaxyThe relative smallness of the black hole at CEER 1019’s center is a mystery for scientists. The astronomical community is already pouring over data that could pinpoint other, more distant black holes.
Persons: James Webb, Webb, ” Rebecca Larson, Larson, It’s, We’re, Jeyhan, “ Webb, , Seiji Fujimoto Organizations: CNN, NASA, Sun, University of Texas, Rochester Institute of Technology’s School of Physics, Rochester Institute of Technology, NASA Hubble, UT Austin, Austin Locations: Austin, New York
When you sit at a campfire and look up at the stars, even the tiniest pinpricks of light that you see are massive furnaces, producing intense heat. But hidden among these infernal embers are celestial bodies so dim that they’re invisible to the naked eye. One such star, a brown dwarf smaller than Jupiter, recently became the coldest star ever to be detected with a radio telescope. At a paltry 797 degrees Fahrenheit, it’s cooler than the average campfire: an ideal star for roasting marshmallows. The existence of brown dwarfs was hypothesized 60 years ago, but “they were very hard to find, because they’re not very bright,” Dr. Murphy said.
Persons: Don’t, graham, Kovi Rose, , Tara Murphy, Rose, , they’re, Dr, Murphy Organizations: University of Sydney
A planet five times the size of Earth was found to be the shiniest planet outside our solar system. This ultra-hot planet "shouldn't exist" as it is and could be a new class of planet altogether. This planet's hot metal atmosphere is defying astronomers' rules for how planets of this size should behave. Venus, the solar system's shiniest planet, reflects 75% of the sunlight. "We believe these metal clouds help the planet to survive" in these conditions said study author Sergio Hoyer of the Marseille Astrophysics Laboratory.
Persons: LTT9779, Vivien Parmentier, NASA Exoplanet LTT9779, James Jenkins, Ricardo Ramírez Reyes, Exoplanet, It's, Parmentier, Sergio Hoyer Organizations: Service, European Space Agency, ESA, NASA, Diego Portales University, CATA, Universidad, Universidad de Chile, Marseille Astrophysics, Astrophysics Locations: Wall, Silicon, Côte d'Azur, Universidad de, Marseille
CNN —An ultrahot exoplanet that zips around its host star every 19 hours is the shiniest exoplanet ever discovered. The scorching world, dubbed planet LTT9779b, has reflective metallic clouds made of silicates and metals like titanium. An artist's illustration shows an exoplanet, called LTT9779b, orbiting its much larger host star. The side of the exoplanet that faces its host star likely reaches 3,632 degrees Fahrenheit (2,000 degrees Celsius). And LTT9779b is so piping hot that it shouldn’t have any clouds, even those made of metal or glass.
Persons: Ricardo Ramírez Reyes, LTT9779b, , James Jenkins, Vivien Parmentier, ” Parmentier, , ” Vivien, Sergio Hoyer Organizations: CNN, European Southern Observatory, Universidad de Chile, Astrophysics, Diego Portales University, Marseille Astrophysics Locations: Chile, Santiago , Chile, Nice, France, Marseille
Venus, the brightest object in Earth's night sky besides the moon, is our solar system's most reflective object, enrobed in toxic sulfuric acid clouds. An atmosphere with water-based clouds, as on Earth, would have been blown away by solar radiation long ago. But they believe its clouds are metallic, a combination of titanium and silicate - the stuff that makes up most of the rocks in Earth's crust. "We even think that the clouds could condense into droplets, and have titanium rain falling in parts of the atmosphere," Jenkins said. More than 5,000 planets beyond our solar system - called exoplanets - have been discovered, many with traits vastly different than our solar system's eight planets.
Persons: James Jenkins, Jenkins, Sergio Hoyer, Vivien Parmentier, Parmentier, James Webb, Will Dunham, Rosalba O'Brien Organizations: Diego Portales University, Center, Astrophysics, Associated Technologies, Marseille Astrophysics, Telescope, Thomson Locations: Chile, Marseille, France
A new study found that time appeared to move five times slower in the early days of the universe. Scientists used quasars — enormously bright supermassive black holes — to arrive at their findings. The researchers used quasars — supermassive black holes that feed on gas and are among the brightest known celestial objects — to arrive at their finding. Quasars "are crucial to understanding the early universe," one astronomer said in 2018. Albert Einstein, in his general theory of relativity, predicted that we live in an expanding universe, where time was slower in its early years, and now the researchers in this study observed that.
Persons: Albert Einstein's, , Geraint Lewis, Albert Einstein Organizations: Service, Privacy, CNN, University of Sydney's School of Physics, Sydney Institute for Astronomy
CNN —Almost half of the tap water in the United States is contaminated with chemicals known as “forever chemicals,” according to a study from the US Geological Survey. Experts say it’s important for people to understand their risk of exposure through tap water. Water filters may help somewhat if tap water is contaminated, and there are moves to regulate some PFAS chemicals in US drinking water. This US Geological Survey map shows the number of PFAS detected in tap water samples from select sites across the nation. In August 2023, the EPA said it is conducting the “most comprehensive monitoring effort for PFAS ever” at large and midsize public water systems and hundreds of small water systems.
Persons: Jamie DeWitt, There’s, , DeWitt, They’re, Graham Peaslee, Dr, Sanjay Gupta, , Peaslee, ” Peaslee Organizations: CNN, Geological Survey, National Institutes of Health, US Environmental Protection Agency, Survey, Eastern Seaboard, Environmental Health Sciences, Oregon State University’s College of Agricultural Sciences, Utilities, EPA, of Physics, University of Notre Dame, CNN Health Locations: United States, Great, Central, Southern California
Scientists made that point anew on Monday in a study that used observations of a ferocious class of black holes called quasars to demonstrate "time dilation" in the early universe, showing how time then passed only about a fifth as quickly as it does today. The observations stretch back to about 12.3 billion years ago, when the universe was roughly a tenth its present age. Quasars - among the brightest objects in the universe - were used as a "clock" in the study to measure time in the deep past. Quasars are tremendously active supermassive black holes millions to billions of times more massive than our sun, usually residing at centers of galaxies. The explosion of individual stars cannot be seen beyond a certain distance away, limiting their use in studying the early universe.
Persons: Albert Einstein, Dr, Geraint Lewis, Lewis, today's, Will Dunham, Rosalba O'Brien Organizations: University of Sydney, Thomson Locations: Australia
CNN —Scientists have peered into the early days of the universe, when it was about 1 billion years old, and discovered that things moved in slow motion compared with now. Unlocking what happened during the early days of the universe can help scientists tackle the biggest mysteries about its origin, how it evolved and what the future holds. “This expansion of space means that our observations of the early universe should appear to be much slower than time flows today. While very bright, supernovas become much harder to observe at greater distances from Earth, which means that astronomers needed another source that would be visible deeper in the early universe. “What we have done is unravel this firework display, showing that quasars, too, can be used as standard markers of time for the early universe.”
Persons: Albert Einstein’s, , Geraint Lewis, Einstein, ” Lewis, Brendon Brewer Organizations: CNN —, University of Sydney’s School of Physics, Sydney Institute for Astronomy, University of Auckland
The mission focuses on two foundational components of the dark universe. One is dark matter, the invisible but theoretically influential cosmic scaffolding thought to give shape and texture to the cosmos. Scientists estimate dark energy and dark matter together make up 95% of the cosmos, while ordinary matter that we can see accounts for just 5%. EUROPEAN-LED MISSION[1/2]An artist's concept shows the Euclid space telescope, built by the European Space Agency (ESA) that is set to be launched by a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket, in operation, in this undated handout image. "Measuring the shapes and positions of galaxies allows us to infer the properties of dark matter and dark energy," Rhodes said on Friday.
Persons: Euclid, Elon Musk, James Webb, Jason Rhodes, Rhodes, Yannick Mellier, Steve Gorman, William Mallard Organizations: SpaceX, European Space Agency, ESA, Cape Canaveral Space Force, Space Agency, REUTERS, NASA, Euclid, Russian Soyuz, Elon, James Webb Space, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Euclid Consortium, Institut d'Astrophysique de, Thomson Locations: Florida, Cape, U.S, Canada, Japan, Russian, California, Ukraine, Los Angeles, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris
[1/2] An artist's composition of the Milky Way seen with a neutrino lens (blue) is shown in this undated handout image. Scientists said on Thursday they have produced an image of the Milky Way not based on electromagnetic radiation - light - but on ghostly subatomic particles called neutrinos. Neutrinos are produced by the same sources as cosmic rays, the highest-energy particles ever observed, but differ in a key respect. They released an illustration of their findings with neutrinos from the Milky Way represented by light, with a heavy concentration at the galaxy's core. "The most likely source of neutrinos and cosmic rays in our galaxy," Taboada added, "are the remains of past supernova explosions.
Persons: Lily Le, Shawn Johnson, Ignacio Taboada, Francis Halzen, Taboada, Naoko Kurahashi Neilson, Halzen, Will Dunham, Rosalba O'Brien Organizations: . National Science Foundation, REUTERS, Georgia Tech, of Wisconsin, Drexel University, Thomson Locations: REUTERS WASHINGTON, Philadelphia
Neutrinos Build a Ghostly Map of the Milky Way
  + stars: | 2023-06-29 | by ( Kenneth Chang | ) www.nytimes.com   time to read: +1 min
From ghostlike particles, astrophysicists have pieced together a new map of the galaxy we live in. For now, that map of the Milky Way is blurry and incomplete. “This is the first time we’ve seen our own galaxy in anything other than light,” said Naoko Kurahashi Neilson, a professor of physics at Drexel University in Philadelphia who came up with the idea that a new view of the galaxy could be gleaned from particles known as neutrinos. Dr. Kurahashi Neilson and the more than 350 other scientists who collaborate on analyzing data from a neutrino detector at the South Pole reported their findings in a paper published on Thursday in the journal Science. “This is at last really the beginning of neutrino astronomy,” said John G. Learned, a physicist at the University of Hawaii who was not involved with the research.
Persons: , Naoko Kurahashi Neilson, Kurahashi Neilson, John G Organizations: Drexel University, University of Hawaii Locations: Philadelphia
CNN —For the first time, astronomers have assembled a glowing portrait of the Milky Way galaxy using cosmic “ghost particles” detected by a telescope embedded in Antarctica’s ice. Over the years, astronomers have showcased stunning images of the Milky Way through electromagnetic radiation from visible light or radio waves. These tiny, high-energy cosmic particles are often referred to as ghostly because they are extremely vaporous and can pass through any kind of matter without changing. The IceCube detector is seen under a starry night sky, with the Milky Way appearing over low auroras in the background. Cosmic rays are mostly made up of protons or atomic nuclei that have been stripped from atoms, according to NASA.
Persons: , ’ ”, Naoko Kurahashi Neilson, Amundsen, Scott, Kurahashi Neilson, Yuya Makino, Steve Sclafani, Mirco, IceCube, , Chad Finley, ” Sclafani, Victor Hess, ” Kurahashi Neilson Organizations: CNN, Drexel University, National Science, Pole, NSF, Germany’s TU Dortmund University, Stockholm University, NASA Locations: Antarctica, Germany’s
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