This week the Federal Reserve raised interest rates by 0.75 percentage point for the third time in six months, in an effort to combat inflation.
The move made investors worry more about a recession, even though Fed Chair Jerome Powell and other members of the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) have repeatedly expressed their desire to produce a “soft landing”—meaning, roughly, to reduce inflation without causing a recession, albeit with some slowdown in growth.
Critics have expressed skepticism that this can be done.
Many economists believe that the Fed has managed a soft landing only once in 11 tries over the last 60 years, in 1994-95.
History, these critics argue, says that the Fed will either raise interest rates too little and fail to defeat inflation or go too far and precipitate a recession—a “hard landing.”