His departure threw the country into political turmoil, and a snap general election was scheduled for this month.
The European nation's political instability comes down to a few factors, but at the heart of it is Italy's unique, hybrid political system.
"The system is important for representing different ideologies, different preferences, different geographical areas.
Italy is a very diverse country," said Andrea Ruggeri, an expert on Italian politics and international relations at the University of Oxford.
So, what is it about the Italian political system that makes this changing of the guard so frequent?