DIRS.INFO The most relevant business & tech news

Finance Minister Bruno Le Maire said on June 9 he had secured a pledge from 75 food companies to cut prices. French shoppers have paid more than 20% more for Nestle products each month since January versus last year, the data showed, and price increases peaked at 36.6% in May. Nestle, whose brands include Maggi stock cubes and Kit Kat chocolate bars, declined to comment. Similarly, stores sold products made by Activia yogurt owner Danone for between 11.2% and 16.7% more than last year in the first six months of the year. The NielsenIQ data shows the final prices retailers charge shoppers, and does not necessarily only reflect the prices food companies ask for from stores.

Persons: Arnd, Bruno Le Maire, Bernstein, Kat, Le Maire's, Jack Martin, Janus Henderson, Gaurav Gooptu, Richa Naidu, Sybille de La, Matt Scuffham, Sharon Singleton Organizations: Swiss, Nestle, REUTERS, Danone, Finance, Reuters, Reuters Graphics Reuters, Oberon Investments, U.S, Consumers, BNP, Thomson Locations: Bern, Konolfingen, Switzerland, France

☆ Credit Suisse inquiry will keep files secret for 50 years
▼ + stars: | 2023-07-15 | by ( John Revill | ) www.reuters.com time to read: +2 min

ZURICH (Reuters) -A parliamentary investigation into the collapse of Credit Suisse will keep its files closed for 50 years, according to a parliamentary committee document, a level of secrecy that has triggered concern among Swiss historians. The investigation will focus on the activities of the Swiss government, financial regulator and central bank in the run up to the emergency takeover of Credit Suisse by UBS in March. “After the completion of the investigation, the files shall be handed over to the Federal Archives and shall be subject to an extended protection period of 50 years,” the committee said in a strategy paper outlining its communication policy. “Should researchers want to scientifically investigate the 2023 banking crisis, access to the CS files would be invaluable,” Zala wrote, according to the newspaper. “Indiscretions complicate the work or damage the credibility of the commission and can have negative consequences for the Swiss financial centre,” the committee added.

Persons: Sacha Zala, Isabelle Chassot, “, ” Zala Organizations: Suisse, Swiss Federal Archives, Credit Suisse, UBS, Swiss, Federal Archives, Aargauer Zeitung, Swiss Society Locations: ZURICH, Swiss, Bern

☆ Credit Suisse inquiry will keep files secret for 50 years, paper reports
▼ + stars: | 2023-07-15 | by ( ) www.reuters.com time to read: +2 min

[1/2] The logo of Credit Suisse is pictured in front of the Swiss Parliament Building, in Bern, Switzerland, March 19, 2023. REUTERS/Denis Balibouse/File PhotoZURICH, July 15 (Reuters) - A parliamentary investigation into the collapse of Credit Suisse will keep its files closed for 50 years, newspaper Aargauer Zeitung reported, triggering concerns among Swiss historians. The Swiss parliament did not respond to a request for comment on Saturday. The investigation will focus on the activities of the Swiss government, financial regulator and central bank in the run up to emergency takeover of Credit Suisse by UBS in March. It could have the power to question the Credit Suisse bankers involved, but they will not be the focus of the inquiry.

Persons: Denis Balibouse, Sacha Zala, Isabelle Chassot, Zala, John Revill, David Evans Organizations: Credit Suisse, Swiss, REUTERS, Suisse, Aargauer Zeitung, Swiss Federal Archives, Swiss Society, UBS, Thomson Locations: Bern, Switzerland, ZURICH, Swiss

[1/2] The logo of Credit Suisse is pictured in front of the Swiss Parliament Building, in Bern, Switzerland, March 19, 2023. REUTERS/Denis Balibouse//File PhotoBERN, July 13 (Reuters) - A Swiss parliamentary investigation into the role played by state institutions in the collapse and emergency rescue of Switzerland's second biggest lender Credit Suisse will take 12 to 14 months to complete, its president said on Thursday. The investigation committee is Swiss lawmakers' most powerful tool and this is only the fifth time such a parliamentary probe has been launched. It will also examine the role played by financial regulator FINMA as well as the Swiss National Bank. UBS (UBSG.S) agreed to buy Credit Suisse for 3 billion Swiss francs ($3.48 billion) in March after panicked customers withdrew cash from their accounts at the stricken lender.

Persons: Denis Balibouse, Isabelle Chassot, Noele Illien, John Revill, David Evans, Alexandra Hudson Organizations: Credit Suisse, Swiss, REUTERS, Suisse, Swiss National Bank, UBS, Alexandra Hudson Our, Thomson Locations: Bern, Switzerland, BERN, Swiss, Die Mitte, Zurich

ZURICH, July 11 (Reuters) - A rare Swiss parliamentary investigation due to start this week aims to establish what went wrong before the dramatic fall of Credit Suisse, once Switzerland's second biggest bank. It was apparent that Credit Suisse was in difficulties over the last two years after a string of scandals, with customers withdrawing money on a massive scale at the end of 2022. Could the central bank have done more, for example by promising Credit Suisse unlimited liquidity to reassure customers and stem the outflow of funds? It is unclear whether Credit Suisse and UBS executives are obliged to appear if asked, but they are expected to do so due to intense political and public pressure. POSSIBLE OUTCOMESWhile some experts have said the inquiry offers the Swiss authorities an opportunity to redeem themselves, others have warned it could simply become political theatre.

Persons: Peter V Kunz, Isabelle Chassot, Franziska Ryser, John Revill, Tomasz Janowski, Alexander Smith Organizations: Credit Suisse, UBS, Bern University, Swiss, Swiss National Bank, Suisse, Swiss People's Party, Social Democrats, Greens, Green Liberals Party, Thomson Locations: ZURICH, Swiss, Switzerland, Mitte

☆ Neutral Switzerland wants to take part in Sky Shield defence project
▼ + stars: | 2023-07-04 | by ( ) www.reuters.com time to read: +2 min

ZURICH, July 4 (Reuters) - Switzerland wants to participate in the European Sky Shield air defence umbrella, the government said on Tuesday, a move which critics say is incompatible with the country's long-standing tradition of neutrality. European Sky Shield is a common air defence scheme set up by Germany in 2022 to boost European air defence, an issue which has come into sharper focus since Russia's invasion of Ukraine. "Switzerland wishes to participate in the European Sky Shield Initiative and a declaration of intent is due to be signed in Bern," the Defence Ministry told Reuters, confirming an earlier report by broadcaster SRF. Some 17 European countries have so far signed up to the Sky Shield project including Germany, Britain, Finland and Sweden. The Sky Shield move has provoked concerns from Switzerland's neutrality lobby.

Persons: Viola Amherd, Werner Gartenmann, John Revill, Gareth Jones Organizations: Sky, Swiss, Sky Shield, Defence Ministry, Reuters, SRF, Patriot, Pro Schweiz, NATO, Thomson Locations: ZURICH, Switzerland, Germany, Ukraine, Austria, Bern, Britain, Finland, Sweden, Swiss, Denmark

Last week, for instance, Nigeria's central bank allowed the naira currency to drop as much as 36% on the official market. Nestle, which is replacing imported corn starch in Nigeria with cassava starch, told Reuters it has helped seven local suppliers to boost capacity to meet the company's supply needs. ONION POWDER AND TURMERICNestle said it was working to develop local suppliers of vegetables and spices used in Maggi products, for instance onion powder in Nigeria and Senegal, and turmeric powder in Nigeria. Nestle did not comment on whether its position in Nigeria would help insulate it from foreign exchange volatility, neither did it give an indication of the economic impact of the local sourcing. ($1 = 0.8967 Swiss francs)Reporting by Richa Naidu; Editing by Emelia Sithole-MatariseOur Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.

Persons: Arnd, Kat, Nestle, Richa Naidu, Emelia Sithole Organizations: Swiss, Nestle, REUTERS, LONDON, Reuters, Unilever, Thomson Locations: Bern, Konolfingen, Switzerland, Nigeria, Cameroon, Senegal, Swiss, Asia, East, Africa

☆ Low-tax Switzerland votes on global minimum corporate tax rate
▼ + stars: | 2023-06-14 | by ( John Revill | ) www.reuters.com time to read: +4 min

In 2021 almost 140 countries including Switzerland agreed to an Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) deal to ensure large companies pay a minimum tax rate of 15%, to prevent them trying to avoid taxation by transferring profits to low tax countries. Reuters GraphicsEach of Switzerland's 26 cantons can set its own corporate tax rate, but the federal government would impose a top-up tax to ensure companies are paying 15 percent, raising up to 2.5 billion Swiss francs ($2.76 billion) in tax revenue. She said last month, "this minimum tax is coming, with or without Switzerland." Swiss Holdings, a group representing 62 multinationals in Switzerland including Nestle, Johnson & Johnson, and IKEA, supported the minimum tax. Stefan Kuhn, Head of Tax and Legal at KPMG Switzerland, said the top-up tax "gives cantons the money to do something smart to remain competitive."

Persons: Arnd, Fabian Molina, Karin Keller, Johnson, Christian Frey, Stefan Kuhn, Kuhn, John Revill, Alexandra Hudson Organizations: REUTERS, Switzerland Broad, Economic Cooperation, Development, GFS, Google, Nestle, Reuters, Union, Social Democrats, Sutter, OECD, Swiss Holdings, Johnson, IKEA, KPMG Switzerland, Alexandra Hudson Our, Thomson Locations: Bernese, Lake Zug, Zug, Switzerland, ZURICH, Swiss, GFS Bern, Germany, Japan, Basel, Economiesuisse

☆ UBS expects agreement on Credit Suisse loss guarantee by June 7 - SEC filing
▼ + stars: | 2023-06-06 | by ( ) www.reuters.com time to read: +1 min

ZURICH, June 6 (Reuters) - UBS (UBSG.S) expects to finalize its agreement with the Swiss government to cover up to 9 billion Swiss francs ($9.92 billion) in losses from its emergency takeover of Credit Suisse (CSGN.S) by June 7, the Swiss bank said in a regulatory filing published on Tuesday. "UBS Group AG expects that the Loss Protection Agreement will be finalized by June 7, 2023," a filing with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission said. Under the takeover of Credit Suisse, orchestrated by Swiss authorities, Bern agreed to shoulder up to 9 billion francs in losses after UBS agreed to cover the first 5 billion francs in losses. The government agreement is one of the last steps UBS needs to take before it can officially close the acquisition of its rival. The SEC document, which was dated June 5, reiterated that the UBS expects to complete the deal in the second quarter of 2023.

Persons: Noele Illien, John Revill Organizations: UBS, Credit Suisse, AG, U.S . Securities, Exchange Commission, Swiss, SEC, Thomson Locations: ZURICH, Swiss, Bern

☆ Ukraine dam blast a result of Russian invasion -UK minister
▼ + stars: | 2023-06-06 | by ( Stefaniia Bern | ) www.reuters.com time to read: +3 min

On a visit to Ukraine, Cleverly reaffirmed London's support for how Kyiv defends itself against the Russian invasion and said Britain would continue to help provide Ukraine with the weaponry it needs. Speaking to Reuters in Hrebelky, east of Kyiv, Cleverly said he had heard reports of an explosion at the Kakhovka dam in a Russian controlled-part of southern Ukraine. Ukraine and Russia traded blame, saying it was an intentional attack by the other's forces. "But it’s worth remembering that the only reason this is an issue at all is because of Russia’s unprovoked full-scale invasion of Ukraine." He met Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskiy and Foreign Minister Dmytro Kuleba on Monday to discuss how Britain could continue to best support Ukraine "from the battlefield to banking guarantees".

Persons: Development Affairs James, James, I’ve, ”, Volodymyr Zelenskiy, Dmytro Kuleba, Elizabeth Piper, Timothy Heritage, Bernadette Baum Organizations: State, Foreign, Commonwealth, Development Affairs, Halo Trust, REUTERS, Ukraine Says Britain, British, Kyiv, Reuters, Ukraine, Stefaniia, Thomson Locations: Ukraine, Hrebelky, Kyiv region, U.S, Britain, Kyiv, Russian, Russia, Russia's, Belgorod, United States, Stefaniia Bern

☆ UBS CEO warns of painful jobs decisions after Credit Suisse takeover
▼ + stars: | 2023-06-02 | by ( John Revill | ) www.reuters.com time to read: +2 min

BERN, June 2 (Reuters) - UBS (UBSG.S) Chief Executive Sergio Ermotti on Friday warned of painful decisions about job cuts following the takeover of Credit Suisse (CSGN.S), which he said he hoped would be formalised in coming days. Synergies is part of the story," Ermotti said at an event organised by the Asset Management Association Switzerland in Bern. That management reshuffle only saw Credit Suisse CEO Ulrich Koerner joining the top leadership. Switzerland's Social Democratic Party has drawn up proposals to shrink UBS assets after its takeover of Credit Suisse to reduce the risk of another expensive state-backed rescue. "I don't think we are too big for Switzerland," Ermotti said, adding that in banking "size matters."

Persons: Sergio Ermotti, Ermotti, Ulrich Koerner, John Revill, Tomasz Janowski Organizations: UBS, Credit Suisse, Asset Management Association, Swiss, Switzerland's Social Democratic Party, Thomson Locations: BERN, Bern, Switzerland

☆ Traitor next door? Fear stalks Kherson after Russian occupation ends
▼ + stars: | 2023-05-18 | by ( Elizabeth Piper | ) www.reuters.com time to read: +6 min

Nonetheless, her garden walls in the Ukrainian city of Kherson are covered with graffiti marking her out as a Russian collaborator. Fear and suspicion stalk the streets of Kherson, a southern port that was occupied by Russian troops for over eight months before they were driven out by Ukrainian forces in November. More than 5,300 collaboration cases have been registered across the country, according to the prosecutor general's website. Cases of collaboration can point to the tough choices people have to make when trying to survive under occupation. He left the business to his workers, who had to register with the Russians and take Russian passports, and fears they could be prosecuted once the occupation ends.

☆ Swiss army displays Leopard 2 tank as Germany hopes for sale
▼ + stars: | 2023-05-05 | by ( Denis Balibouse | ) www.reuters.com time to read: +1 min

[1/3] Recruits of the Swiss army Tank School 21 perform an attack exercise with the Leopard 2 tank in Bure, Switzerland May 5, 2023. Switzerland has 134 Leopard 2 tanks in service, some of which were used in training exercises by the country's Tank School 21 in the northwestern canton of Jura this week. But the Leopard 2 tanks that have drawn attention in Switzerland are, in fact, the 96 it keeps in storage. Under its neutrality laws and a separate arms embargo, Switzerland is prohibited from sending weapons directly to a country at war. The German government assured Bern that if it decided to sell its Leopard 2 tanks, these would not be used in Ukraine.

☆ Swiss central bank promises regulation review after collapse of Credit Suisse
▼ + stars: | 2023-04-28 | by ( Elliot Smith | ) www.cnbc.com time to read: +7 min

Thomas Jordan, president of the Swiss National Bank (SNB), speaks during the bank's annual general meeting in Bern, Switzerland, on Friday, April 28, 2023. Bloomberg | Bloomberg | Getty ImagesThe Swiss National Bank on Friday pledged to review banking regulations during its annual general meeting in Bern, following recent turmoil involving Credit Suisse. The central bank played a key role in brokering the rescue of Credit Suisse over the course of a chaotic weekend in March, as a flight of deposits and plummeting share price took the 167-year-old institution to the brink of collapse. The deal remains mired in controversy and legal challenges, particularly over the lack of investor input and the unconventional decision to wipe out 15 billion Swiss francs ($16.8 billion) of Credit Suisse AT1 bonds. He added that this would mean his central bank could would be able to provide the necessary liquidity, in times of stress, without the need for emergency law.

☆ Resolving Credit Suisse: an alternative history
▼ + stars: | 2023-04-27 | by ( Liam Proud | ) www.reuters.com time to read: +8 min

Reuters GraphicsThe market shock will be all the more extreme because Credit Suisse doesn’t obviously need more capital. It seems perverse to put taxpayer money on the line while leaving the Credit Suisse bonds untouched. Of the 30 global lenders classed as systemically important by the Financial Stability Board, Credit Suisse is the third-smallest by total assets. It also enables the Swiss National Bank to offer Credit Suisse an open-ended credit line, hopefully ending the bank run. Credit Suisse is suffering from a crisis of confidence brought on by years of mismanagement, rather than a system-wide meltdown.

☆ Sudan fighting resurges as UN envoy says ceasefire partly holding
▼ + stars: | 2023-04-25 | by ( Khalid Abdelaziz | ) www.reuters.com time to read: +6 min

The Sudan Armed Forces (SAF) and paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF) agreed to a 72-hour ceasefire beginning on Tuesday after negotiations mediated by the U.S. and Saudi Arabia. U.N. special envoy on Sudan Volker Perthes told the U.N. Security Council on Tuesday that the ceasefire "seems to be holding in some parts so far." The fighting has paralysed hospitals and other essential services, and left many people stranded in their homes with dwindling supplies of food and water. The U.N. humanitarian office (OCHA) said shortages of food, water, medicines and fuel were becoming "extremely acute", prices were surging and it had cut back operations for safety reasons. Since the fighting erupted, tens of thousands have left for neighbouring Chad, Egypt, Ethiopia and South Sudan.

☆ Credit Suisse mess leaves scattered Swiss debris
▼ + stars: | 2023-04-24 | by ( Lisa Jucca | ) www.reuters.com time to read: +7 min

ZURICH, April 24 (Reuters Breakingviews) - Swiss government intervention to save Credit Suisse (CSGN.S) from collapse last month may have avoided a financial market storm. SWISS “TRINITY” QUESTIONThe rescue of Credit Suisse has other consequences. The Swiss Bankers Association has called for an independent inquiry, and lawmakers gave a symbolic thumbs-down to the rescue of Credit Suisse on April 12. A Senate Finance Committee report found last month Credit Suisse had violated a 2014 deferred prosecution agreement with U.S. authorities by continuing to help rich Americans dodge taxes. Switzerland’s parliament on April 12 rejected a Credit Suisse rescue package that included 109 billion Swiss francs in financial guarantees.

☆ Focus now on how UBS positions itself going forward - BlackRock vice chairman
▼ + stars: | 2023-04-20 | by ( ) www.reuters.com time to read: +2 min

[1/2] Philipp Hildebrand,Vice Chairman of BlackRock, speaks during a news conference with Swiss Economic Minister Guy Parmelin (not pictured), as the spread of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) continue in Bern, Switzerland October 28, 2020. REUTERS/Arnd WiegmannLONDON, April 20 (Reuters) - The Swiss government has done a 'very good job' with Credit Suisse's rescue given circumstances, but the question now is how the takeover settles and how UBS positions itself going forward, Philipp Hildebrand, BlackRock's vice chairman said on Thursday. "The question now will be how does this settle, and how does UBS position itself going forward, given quite intense political discussions in Switzerland around competition, around size, and many other issues," Hildebrand told a Bloomberg conference in Dublin. BlackRock, the world's largest asset manager, is a major shareholder in UBS. Reporting by Yoruk Bahceli and Padraic Halpin; editing by Dhara RanasingheOur Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.

☆ New study suggests Black women should be screened earlier for breast cancer
▼ + stars: | 2023-04-19 | by ( Jacqueline Howard | ) edition.cnn.com time to read: +12 min

CNN —A new study on breast cancer deaths raises questions around whether Black women should screen at earlier ages. Even though Black women have a 4% lower incidence rate of breast cancer than White women, they have a 40% higher breast cancer death rate. “When the breast cancer mortality rate for Black women in their 40s is 27 deaths per 100,000 person-years, this means 27 out of every 100,000 Black women aged 40-49 in the US die of breast cancer during one year of follow-up. They also wrote that health policy makers should pursue equity, not just equality, when it comes to breast cancer screening as a tool to help reduce breast cancer death rates. Having dense tissue in the breast can make it more difficult for radiologists to identify breast cancer on a mammogram, and women with dense breast tissue have a higher risk of breast cancer.

☆ ‘World’s longest’ purpose-built cycling tunnel opens in Norway
▼ + stars: | 2023-04-18 | by ( Maureen O'Hare | ) edition.cnn.com time to read: +4 min

A three-kilometer-long (1.8-mile) cycling and pedestrian tunnel has been blasted through the base of Løvstakken mountain and its makers say it’s the longest purpose-built tunnel of its kind. Ronny Turøy/Bybanen UtbyggingIt takes a little under 10 minutes to whizz through the tunnel by bike and around 40 if strolling by foot. “This makes it more pleasant to use than if one would just walk on asphalt.”The tunnel was constructed in parallel with a new tram line. NCC/Bybanen UtbyggingThe new tunnel came about as a byproduct of Bergen’s second Bybanen tram line, which opened in November 2022. The tram line through the mountain required a parallel evacuation tunnel, so the developers decided to make the new tunnel multipurpose.

☆ Swiss government awards $9.7 mln contract related to Credit Suisse - UBS merger
▼ + stars: | 2023-04-17 | by ( Oliver Hirt | ) www.reuters.com time to read: +2 min

[1/2] The logo of Credit Suisse is pictured in front of the Swiss Parliament Building, in Bern, Switzerland, March 19, 2023. REUTERS/Denis Balibouse/File PhotoZURICH, April 17 (Reuters) - The Swiss government has awarded an advisory mandate worth up to 8.7 million Swiss francs ($9.70 million) to Alvarez & Marsal Switzerland, linked to the rescue of Credit Suisse (CSGN.S), according to state procurement platform Simap.ch on Monday. Swiss authorities last month engineered a takeover of struggling Credit Suisse by rival UBS (UBSG.S) that included over 200 billion francs in financial guarantees. The Ministry of Finance will pay up to CHF 10.3 million for this service. ($1 = 0.8965 Swiss francs)Writing by Noele Illien; Editing by Sharon SingletonOur Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.

PARLIAMENT 'CIRCUMVENTED'The Credit Suisse/UBS merger marked the first time that parliament had withheld its support for emergency laws designed to deal quickly with crises. Swiss Finance Minister Karin Keller-Sutter defended the use of the emergency powers, saying Switzerland was not an "emergency dictatorship." "The emergency law is based on the federal constitution and I don't think it's correct to say it's illegal." "Politicians might have wanted to show their disapproval about what happened, but they don’t want the UBS takeover to fail." The use of such emergency legislation, overturning antitrust rules, is a problem for Swiss democracy and rule of law.

☆ Swiss parliament seeks elusive compromise over Credit Suisse rescue
▼ + stars: | 2023-04-12 | by ( Noele Illien | ) www.reuters.com time to read: +3 min

While the upper house approved the government's 109 billion Swiss franc ($120.82 billion) contribution to the rescue package, parliament's lower, and larger chamber, later rejected it. Seeking a compromise, the upper house passed changes to the measure on Wednesday morning, which the lower house will vote on later in the day. As they returned on Wednesday, the upper house passed changes, which include a proposal for Switzerland's federal government to draft an amendment to the country's Banking Act. Its aim would be to reduce the risks posed by systemically relevant banks, such as Credit Suisse and UBS for Switzerland, by, for example, raising capital requirements and restricting bonuses. A shotgun marriage which saw Credit Suisse taken over by rival UBS (UBSG.S) for 3 billion Swiss francs and propped up with more than 250 billion Swiss francs in guarantees and support has drawn widespread criticism.

The lower house retrospectively rejected the rescue near midnight, with heated debates continuing into the early hours of Wednesday morning as members discussed other measures related to Credit Suisse. Earlier on Tuesday, Switzerland's upper house had approved the rescue, meaning the two chambers of the legislative body will vote again on Wednesday. A poll of Swiss economists found that nearly half thought the takeover of Credit Suisse by UBS was not the best solution, warning the saga had dented Switzerland's reputation. Politicians also questioned why the Swiss financial regulator was unable to prevent Credit Suisse's failure. There are also growing worries about jobs and in an open letter to parliament, the Swiss Bank Employees' Association said that Credit Suisse and UBS must freeze any cuts.

SummarySummary Companies Swiss upper house approved Credit Suisse rescueFrustration in Switzerland over use of state fundsLawmakers have protested, but cannot overturn dealBERN, April 11 (Reuters) - Switzerland's upper house of parliament voted on Tuesday after a heated debate to approve retrospectively the 109 billion Swiss francs ($120.5 billion) in financial guarantees used to rescue Credit Suisse (CSGN.S) last month. But 29 of Switzerland's 46-member Council of States upper house approved the measure. "The use of emergency law has reached a level in the last three years that is beginning to annoy me," Hansjoerg Knecht, a member of Parliament's upper house, said. Politicians also questioned why the Swiss financial regulator was unable to prevent Credit Suisse's failure. Eva Herzog asked during a speech to the upper house.

Search resuls for: "BERN"

25 mentions found