Pakistan's former military ruler Pervez Musharraf has died in Dubai aged 79 after a long illness, the army said on February 5, 2023.
By Sept. 12, then-U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell told Musharraf that Pakistan would either be "with us or against us."
They regrouped and the offshoot Pakistani Taliban emerged, beginning a yearslong insurgency in the mountainous border region between Afghanistan and Pakistan.
Though Pakistan under Musharraf launched these operations, the militants still thrived as billions of American dollars flowed into the nation.
Born Aug. 11, 1943, in New Delhi, India, Musharraf was the middle son of a diplomat.