Amid rising tensions with China, the US military has sought to bolster its presence in Asia.
US forces there may see the "most transformative year" in a generation in 2023, a US official said.
Major changes to the US military presence in Asia face logistical and political hurdles, however.
Other countries have sought more training with the US military or, in the case of Palau, to host US forces.
There are opportunities for the US "to expand its access and deepen relationships" in both Northeast and Southeast Asia, said Thompson, a former US Defense Department official, but US leaders will have to reckon with the limits of those partnerships, especially in Southeast Asia.