The British Retail Consortium (BRC) said fresh food prices were 14.3% higher this month than a year ago.
Other food item prices surged at the fastest pace on record to 12.4% in November, up from 11.6% the month before, it said.
Overall shop price inflation rose to 7.4%, a record for the index which started 17 years ago, and up from 6.6% in October.
"Food prices have continued to soar, especially for meat, eggs and dairy, which have been hit by rocketing energy costs, and rising costs of animal feed and transport," she said.
Market research firm NielsenIQ, which co-produces the data, said Christmas will become more expensive as higher prices are already forcing consumers to limit spending on non-essential items.