Lauri Markkanen had a quiet night with 15 points and 10 rebounds, while Collin Sexton scored 15, Kelly Olynyk chipped in with 14 points and Jarred Vanderbilt added nine points and 10 rebounds.
Russell posted a season-high 30 points and a game-high 12 assists, while Towns (29 points, 13 rebounds) and Gobert (15 points, 13 rebounds) also played vital roles.
Andre Drummond posted a double-double of 13 points and 11 rebounds, while Patrick Williams (15 points) and Goran Dragic (11) also scored in double figures.
Kevin Huerter scored 17 points and Malik Monk added 12 as the Kings won their third consecutive game.
Stephen Curry scored 27 points and Andrew Wiggins had 26 for Golden State, which dropped to 0-7 on the road.