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[1/2] An illuminated Google logo is seen inside an office building in Zurich, Switzerland December 5, 2018. Walker said Europe should aim for the best AI rules, not the first AI rules. "We've long said that AI is too important not to regulate, and too important not to regulate well. The race should be for the best AI regulations, not the first AI regulations." Business group DigitalEurope and 32 European digital associations last week warned the EU against over-regulating foundation models.

Persons: Arnd, Kent Walker, Walker, Foo Yun Chee, Josie Kao Organizations: REUTERS, Rights, European Union, European Commission, Technological, Business, Thomson Locations: Zurich, Switzerland, Rights BRUSSELS, Europe

The logo of Amazon is seen at the company's logistics centre in Boves, France, October 6, 2021 REUTERS/Pascal Rossignol/File Photo Acquire Licensing RightsBRUSSELS, Nov 27 (Reuters) - EU antitrust regulators said on Monday Amazon's (AMZN.O) $1.4 billion acquisition of robot vacuum maker iRobot (IRBT.O) may squeeze out rival robot cleaners on its online marketplace. The EU competition enforcer said Amazon's online marketplace is an important channel for robot vacuum cleaners (RVCs) in France, Germany, Italy and Spain. "iRobot, which faces intense competition from other vacuum cleaner suppliers, offers practical and inventive products. We believe Amazon can offer a company like iRobot the resources to accelerate innovation and invest in critical features while lowering prices for consumers," the company said. Reporting by Foo Yun Chee; editing by David EvansOur Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.

Persons: Pascal, Foo Yun Chee, David Evans Organizations: Rights, Amazon, Big Tech, European Commission, EU, Commission, Reuters, Thomson Locations: Boves, France, Rights BRUSSELS, Germany, Italy, Spain

Nvidia is the world's largest maker of chips used both for artificial intelligence and for computer graphics. Demand for its chips jumped following the release of the generative AI application ChatGPT late last year. Its graphics cards (GPUs) are high-performance devices that enable powerful graphics rendering and processing for use in video editing, video gaming and other complex computing operations. The French watchdog raided Nvidia's local office in September, a person familiar with the matter had told Reuters. Separately, Nvidia has delayed the launch of a new China-focused AI chip, two sources familiar with the matter told Reuters.

Persons: Foo Yun Chee, Susan Fenton Organizations: Regulators, European Union, Nvidia, French Competition Authority, Reuters, Thomson Locations: BRUSSELS, China, France, U.S, California

The logo of Amazon is seen at the company logistics center in Lauwin-Planque, northern France, January 5, 2023. REUTERS/Pascal Rossignol/File Photo Acquire Licensing RightsBRUSSELS, Nov 23 (Reuters) - Amazon (AMZN.O) is set to win unconditional EU antitrust approval for its $1.4 billion acquisition of robot vacuum maker iRobot (IRBT.O), three people familiar with the matter said on Thursday. The Commission, which is due to decide on the deal by Feb. 14, declined to comment. The deal announced in August would add iRobot's Roomba robot vacuum to U.S. online retail giant Amazon's portfolio of smart devices, includes the Alexa voice assistant, smart thermostats, security devices and wall-mounted smart displays. Reporting by Foo Yun Chee Editing by Mark Potter and David GoodmanOur Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.

Persons: Pascal, Foo Yun, Mark Potter, David Goodman Organizations: REUTERS, Rights, Big Tech, European Commission, Amazon, Thomson Locations: Lauwin, France, Rights BRUSSELS

A number of companies have recently demanded that antitrust enforcers pay default interest on fines in annulled antitrust cases. Deutsche Telekom challenged the fine at the Luxembourg-based General Court, Europe's second highest, which cut it to 19 million euros in 2018, forcing the EU competition enforcer to repay the difference. Deutsche Telekom returned to the court after the EU competition enforcer refused to pay interest for the period between the payment and the reimbursement and got judges to back its fight. The Commission then appealed to the Luxembourg-based EU Court of Justice (CJEU). The case is C‑221/22 P European Commission v Deutsche Telekom AG.

Persons: Fabian Bimmer, Deutsche, Anthony Michael Collins, refunding, Foo Yun Chee, Kirsten Donovan Organizations: Deutsche Telekom, ITS, REUTERS, Companies Deutsche Telekom AG, Intel, Deutsche, European Commission, EU, Court of Justice, Deutsche Telekom AG, Thomson Locations: Hamburg, Germany, Slovakia, Luxembourg

The latest proposal from EU cybersecurity agency ENISA concerns an EU certification scheme (EUCS) which vouches for the cybersecurity of cloud services and determines how governments and companies in the bloc select a vendor for their business. The document retains key provisions contained in earlier drafts such as a requirement that U.S. tech giants set up a joint venture with an EU-based company to qualify for the EU cybersecurity label. Another provision states that cloud service must be operated and maintained from the EU, while all cloud service customer data must be stored and processed in the EU, with EU laws taking precedence over non-EU laws regarding the cloud service provider. The latest draft sets out the possibility for these tough requirements to be extended to the third highest security level. EU countries are now reviewing the latest draft after which the European Commission will adopt a final scheme.

Persons: OpenAI's, CCIA, ENISA, Alexandre Roure, Foo Yun Chee, Jonathan Oatis Organizations: European, Google, Microsoft, Big Tech, EU, Tech, European Banking Federation, European Savings Banks Group, Association for Financial Markets, Federation, Insurance, Thomson Locations: BRUSSELS, European Union, EU, Europe

AI (Artificial Intelligence) letters are placed on computer motherboard in this illustration taken, June 23, 2023. "As European digital industry representatives, we see a huge opportunity in foundation models, and new innovative players emerging in this space, many of them born here in Europe. The signatories, who said just 3% of the world's AI unicorns come from the European Union, backed a joint proposal by France, Germany and Italy to limit the scope of AI rules for foundation models to transparency requirements. They also said the current broad scope of the draft AI rules could clash with existing legislation in certain sectors such as healthcare. The companies also rebuffed calls from creative industries for the AI rules to tackle copyright issues.

Persons: Dado Ruvic, DigitalEurope, Georgina Prodhan, Foo Yun Chee, Sharon Singleton Organizations: REUTERS, Rights, Airbus, European Union, Apple, Ericsson, Google, LSE, SAP, Siemens, Thomson Locations: BRUSSELS, Europe, France, Germany, Italy

REUTERS/Dado Ruvic/Illustration/File Photo Acquire Licensing RightsBRUSSELS, Nov 22 (Reuters) - EU lawmakers agreed on Wednesday to draft rules requiring Alphabet's (GOOGL.O) Google, Meta (META.O) and other online services to identify and remove online child pornography, saying that end-to-end encryption would not be affected. EU lawmakers have to thrash out the final details with member states before the draft can become legislation in a process that may be finalised next year. An EU Centre on Child Sexual Abuse will be set up to act as a hub of expertise and to forward reports to the police. To avoid mass surveillance, EU lawmakers beefed up detection orders to allow judicial authorities to authorise time-limited orders to find and delete CSAM. These can only be issued if there is reasonable grounds of suspicion of child sexual abuse.

Persons: Dado Ruvic, Foo Yun Chee, Alexander Smith Organizations: Facebook, REUTERS, Rights, Google, European, European Union, EU, Liberal, Thomson Locations: Rights BRUSSELS

☆ EU antitrust regulators raid online food delivery companies, probe no poach deals
▼ + stars: | 2023-11-21 | by ( ) www.reuters.com time to read: +1 min

Companies Delivery Hero SE FollowBRUSSELS, Nov 21 (Reuters) - EU regulators on Tuesday raided several online food delivery companies in two EU countries on concerns that they may have breached EU rules against cartels, with the focus also on their no poach agreements. The European Commission, which did not name the companies nor the EU countries, said the ongoing dawn raids were conducted in the context of those made in July last year. German online takeaway food company Delivery Hero (DHER.DE) and its Spanish business Glovo had confirmed last year's raids. Companies risk fines as much as 10% of their global turnover for breaching EU antitrust rules. Reporting by Foo Yun CheeOur Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.

Persons: Glovo, Foo Yun Chee Organizations: European Commission, EU, Thomson Locations: BRUSSELS

The logo of Meta Platforms' business group is seen in Brussels, Belgium December 6, 2022. REUTERS/Yves Herman/File Photo Acquire Licensing RightsSTOCKHOLM/BRUSSELS, Nov 15 (Reuters) - Meta (META.O) on Wednesday appealed against "gatekeeper" designations for its Messenger and Marketplace platforms, the first Big Tech company to challenge new European Union rules setting out dos and don'ts for the online services. Meta's Facebook, Instagram, Marketplace, and WhatsApp qualified as gatekeepers under the DMA, which was designed to level the playing field between Big Tech companies and smaller competitors. "This appeal seeks clarification on specific points of law regarding the designations of Messenger and Marketplace under the DMA," a spokesman said. Microsoft and Google have said they will not challenge DMA designations, while sources expect TikTok to file a challenge.

Persons: Yves Herman, WhatsApp, Microsoft's Bing, Supantha Mukherjee, Yun Chee, Emelia Sithole Organizations: REUTERS, Rights, Big Tech, Union, Digital Markets, Facebook, European Commission, Microsoft, Apple, Google, Meta, Thomson Locations: Brussels, Belgium, Rights STOCKHOLM, BRUSSELS, Stockholm

Adobe logo is seen on smartphone in this illustration taken June 13, 2022. REUTERS/Dado Ruvic/Illustration Acquire Licensing RightsCompanies Adobe Inc FollowBRUSSELS, Nov 15 (Reuters) - Photoshop maker Adobe (ADBE.O) expects to get an EU antitrust warning on its $20 billion bid for cloud-based designer platform Figma and is open to proposing remedies to resolve regulatory concerns, its chief counsel told Reuters on Wednesday. The Adobe deal comes amid heightened regulatory scrutiny around the world on Big Tech acquisitions which boost dominant companies' market power or those involving start-ups seen as nascent rivals. "We are expecting a statement of objections from the European Commission," Dana Rao said in an interview, confirming a Reuters story on Tuesday. "We are certainly open to the discussion of remedies.

Persons: Dado Ruvic, Dana Rao, Rao, Foo Yun Chee, Kirsten Donovan Organizations: REUTERS, Inc, Adobe, Big Tech, European Commission, Thomson Locations: EU

The corporate logo of software company Adobe is seen in Posa Studio school in Caracas, Venezuela October 9, 2019. The European Commission is readying a statement of objections to send to the companies in the coming days, the people said. Such documents or charge sheets set out the EU competition watchdog's concerns on why deals could be anti-competitive. The Commission and Adobe, which can offer remedies to stave off the EU warning, declined to comment. Some companies prefer to wait for a statement of objections so that they know the precise regulatory worries before they offer concessions.

Persons: Manaure Quintero, Foo Yun Chee, Susan Fenton Organizations: Adobe, REUTERS, Rights, Tech, European, Video Communications, Thomson Locations: Caracas, Venezuela, Rights BRUSSELS, EU, San Francisco

[1/2] A sign is pictured outside a Google office near the company's headquarters in Mountain View, California, U.S., May 8, 2019. REUTERS/Paresh Dave/File Photo Acquire Licensing RightsBRUSSELS/STOCKHOLM, Nov 14 (Reuters) - Microsoft and Google will not challenge an EU law requiring them to make it easier for users to move between competing services such as social media platforms and internet browsers. As part of its latest crackdown on Big Tech, the European Union in September picked 22 "gatekeeper" services, run by six of the world's biggest tech companies, to face new rules . The Digital Markets Act (DMA) requires these gatekeepers to inter-operate their messaging apps with competitors and allow users to decide which apps they pre-install on their devices. The DMA will apply to services from Alphabet (GOOGL.O), Amazon (AMZN.O), Apple (AAPL.O), Meta (META.O), Microsoft (MSFT.O) and TikTok owner ByteDance.

Persons: Paresh Dave, ByteDance, Meta, WhatsApp, TikTok, Foo Yun Chee, Supantha Mukherjee, Sharon Singleton, Alexander Smith Organizations: REUTERS, Microsoft, Google, Big Tech, European Union, Markets, Apple, Amazon, Digital Services, European Commission, Digital Markets, Windows, LinkedIn, Industry, Reuters, Facebook, Bloomberg, Thomson Locations: Mountain View , California, U.S, BRUSSELS, STOCKHOLM, Luxembourg, Brussels, Stockholm

REUTERS/Dado Ruvic/Illustration/File Photo Acquire Licensing RightsBRUSSELS, Nov 10 (Reuters) - EU countries and European Parliament lawmakers are set to agree on light touch rules for Airbnb (ABNB.O) next week, three people familiar with the matter said on Friday. The rules for short-term accommodation rental services, proposed by the European Commission last year, aimed to tackle the patchwork of different national laws across the 27-country zone regulating Airbnb and similar companies. Officials from EU countries and EU lawmakers will meet to thrash out the final details of the rules on Nov. 15, according to the Parliament agenda. Airbnb said EU-wide rules would be a watershed moment for short-term rental companies. Paris, Venice, Barcelona and other places popular with tourists blame Airbnb for aggravating housing shortages by pushing out lower-income residents.

Persons: Dado Ruvic, Airbnb, Nathan Blecharczyk, Foo Yun Chee, Kirsten Donovan, David Evans Organizations: REUTERS, Rights, Big Tech, European, Reuters, Thomson Locations: Rights BRUSSELS, Spain, Paris, Venice, Barcelona

'X' logo is seen on the top of the headquarters of the messaging platform X, formerly known as Twitter, in downtown San Francisco, California, U.S., July 30, 2023. REUTERS/Carlos Barria/File Photo Acquire Licensing RightsBRUSSELS/STOCKHOLM, Nov 10 (Reuters) - Elon Musk's X social media platform has just 2,294 content moderators to ensure users comply with EU online content rules, significantly fewer than Google (GOOGL.O) and TikTok, a senior European Commission official said on Friday. X has triggered concerns after Musk laid off many employees responsible for monitoring and regulating content amid the spread of disinformation on the platform. According to reports the companies submitted to the EU in September, X's 2,294 EU content moderators compared with 16,974 at Google's YouTube, 7,319 at Google Play and 6,125 at TikTok, the senior Commission official said, speaking on condition of anonymity. Regulators are hoping that X will feel the pressure to boost its number of content moderators to catch up with its rivals, the official said.

Persons: Carlos Barria, Elon Musk's, Musk, Foo Yun Chee, Jan Harvey Organizations: REUTERS, Google, European Commission, EU's Digital Services, Apple, Microsoft, EU, YouTube, DSA, Big Tech, Thomson Locations: San Francisco , California, U.S, BRUSSELS, STOCKHOLM, X's, TikTok, EU

The European Commission in its 2016 decision said Apple benefited from two Irish tax rulings for more than two decades that artificially reduced its tax burden to as low as 0.005% in 2014. "The judgment of the General Court on 'tax rulings' adopted by Ireland in relation to Apple should be set aside," he said in a non-binding opinion. "It is therefore necessary for the General Court to carry out a new assessment," Pitruzzella said. Her biggest legal victory to date came in September when the General Court upheld her decision against a 700-million-euro Belgian tax scheme for 55 multinationals. Vestager is currently investigating IKEA brand owner Inter IKEA's Dutch tax arrangement in a case dating from 2017, Nike's (NKE.N) Dutch tax rulings and Finnish food and drink packaging company Huhtamaki's (HUH1V.HE) tax rulings granted by Luxembourg.

Persons: Mike Blake, Margrethe Vestager's, Apple, Apple's, Giovanni Pitruzzella, CJEU, Pitruzzella, Michael McGrath, Court’s, Vestager, Stellantis Organizations: REUTERS, Rights, EU, Apple, European Commission, of Justice, Justice, Court, Ireland, Dublin, Starbucks, IKEA, Inter IKEA's, Thomson Locations: La Jolla , California, U.S, Rights LUXEMBOURG, Ireland, Belgian, Luxembourg

A 3D printed Facebook's new rebrand logo Meta is seen in front of displayed Google logo in this illustration taken on November 2, 2021. The Austrian law, enacted in 2021 and which obliges Big Tech to publish regular reports of illegal content, comes amid mounting concerns worldwide about hateful posts. The three companies, which have their European headquarters in Ireland, say they should only be subject to Irish rules. The Austrian court subsequently sought advice from the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), which sided with the companies. We will study the judgment and continue to invest in the trust and safety of our users across our platforms," a Google spokesperson said.

Persons: Dado Ruvic, TikTok, Thursday's, Foo Yun Chee Organizations: REUTERS, Rights, Google, Austrian, Big Tech, European Union, Digital Services, Justice, Meta, Thomson Locations: Rights LUXEMBOURG, Ireland, Member State

☆ Exclusive: EU to ask YouTube, TikTok for details on measures protecting minors
▼ + stars: | 2023-11-08 | by ( ) www.reuters.com time to read: 1 min

BRUSSELS, Nov 8 (Reuters) - Google’s (GOOGL.O) YouTube and TikTok will be asked by EU industry chief Thierry Breton to provide information on how they comply with new EU online content rules regarding the protection of children, a person with direct knowledge of the matter told Reuters on Wednesday. Breton will send his request to the companies on Friday, the source added. The new EU rules known as the Digital Services Act (DSA) requires Big Tech to do more to fight harmful and illegal online content, especially content that targets minors. The DSA also forces the companies to be more transparent on their algorithmic processes, bots and targeted advertisements that amplify content and do more to tackle illegal, unsafe or counterfeit products sold on their platforms. Reporting by Foo Yun Chee; Editing by Lisa ShumakerOur Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.

Persons: Thierry Breton, Breton, Foo Yun Chee, Lisa Shumaker Organizations: YouTube, Reuters, EU, Digital Services, Big Tech, DSA, Thomson Locations: BRUSSELS

☆ EU digital chief urges TikTok, X to increase clean-up efforts
▼ + stars: | 2023-11-07 | by ( ) www.reuters.com time to read: +2 min

Jourova, the EU commissioner responsible for the digital economy, met TikTok Chief Executive Shou Chew and X's head of global affairs, Nick Pickles, as the European Union investigates Big Tech's efforts to remove harmful content. The EU is also looking to prevent disinformation influencing the EU parliament election in June 2024. Under the European Union's Digital Services Act, which entered into force a year ago, very large tech platforms and search engines must do more to tackle harmful and illegal content or risk fines. Jourova said on X and via her spokesperson that she was pleased by some improvements and urged TikTok to continue stepping up its work against illegal and harmful content and child abuse. For X, Jourova said it had insufficient staff speaking some EU languages to counter disinformation and expressed concern about reports of high numbers of violent and illegal content.

Persons: Dado Ruvic, Vera Jourova, Jourova, Shou Chew, Nick Pickles, Big, TikTok, Jourova's, X's Pickles, Philip Blenkinsop, Foo Yun Chee, Jonathan Oatis Organizations: REUTERS, Rights, European, European Union, Hamas, EU, Union's Digital Services, YouTube, Thomson Locations: Rights BRUSSELS, Israel, EU

The new political advertising rules, which were agreed by EU countries and European Parliament lawmakers late on Monday, will force social media groups such as Alphabet's Google (GOOGL.O), Meta Platforms to be more transparent and accountable. All online political ads will be available in an online ad repository. "We also secured a favourable environment for transnational campaigning in time for the next European Parliament elections," Gozi said. The European Parliament will hold elections in June next year, with many concerned about disinformation and foreign interference in the run-up to the polls. Until then, measures regulating the non-discriminatory provision of cross-border political advertising - including for European political parties and political groups - will already be in place for the European Parliament elections in 2024.

Persons: Arnd, Sandro Gozi, Gozi, Foo Yun Chee, Alexander Smith Organizations: REUTERS, Rights, Big Tech, Union, EU, Google, European Commission, Thomson Locations: Zurich, Switzerland, Rights BRUSSELS, EU

Maradona secured an EU trademark to his name for clothing, footwear, hospitality and IT services in 2008. The EU patent agency in a decision last year said Sattvica had not submitted documents confirming the transfer of the trademark to the company. Sattvica then took its case to the Luxembourg-based General Court, Europe's second highest. Sattvica can appeal to the EU Court of Justice, Europe's top court. The case is T-299/22 | Sattvica v EUIPO – Maradona and Others (DIEGO MARADONA).

Persons: Diego Maradona, Maradona, Sattvica, Maradona's, EUIPO, Europe's, Che Guevara, Evita Peron, EUIPO – Maradona, DIEGO MARADONA, Foo Yun Chee, David Evans Organizations: EU, Maradona, Justice, Thomson Locations: BRUSSELS, Argentine, EU, Luxembourg, Buenos Aires, Argentina

Companies TikTok FollowBRUSSELS, Nov 6 (Reuters) - TikTok must "spare no effort" to counter the spread of disinformation on the short video sharing app, EU industry chief Thierry Breton told the company's CEO on Monday, as the European Union steps up its efforts to curb the powers of Big Tech. "My services and I are now investigating whether this is enough to ensure compliance with the DSA (Digital Services Act)," Breton told Reuters in written comments after a video call with TikTok CEO Shou Zi Chew. "Because now more than ever, we must spare no effort to protect our citizens – especially children and teenagers – against illegal content and disinformation," he said. TikTok Public Policy Director Caroline Greer said in a post on social media platform X that the company was pleased that Breton recognised its compliance efforts. The DSA requires large online platforms to do more to tackle illegal and harmful online content on their platforms.

Persons: Thierry Breton, China's ByteDance, Breton, Shou Zi Chew, Caroline Greer, Chew, Vera Jourova, Didier Ryenders, Foo Yun Chee, Sharon Singleton Organizations: Big Tech, DSA, Services, Reuters, Big, EU, Values, Thomson Locations: BRUSSELS, European, Breton, Big Tech, Brussels

[1/2] An Ericsson sign is seen at the third China International Import Expo (CIIE) in Shanghai, China November 5, 2020. REUTERS/Aly Song Acquire Licensing RightsBRUSSELS, Nov 6 (Reuters) - Electronics makers Siemens (SIEGn.DE), Ericsson (ERICb.ST) and Schneider Electric (SCHN.PA), along with industry group DigitalEurope warned on Monday that onerous proposed EU rules targeting cybersecurity risks of smart devices could disrupt supply chains on a scale similar to during the pandemic. They said disruptions could hit millions of products, ranging from washing machines to toys, cybersecurity products, as well as vital components for heat pumps, cooling machines and high-tech manufacturing. "We risk creating a COVID-style blockage in European supply chains, disrupting the single market and harming our competitiveness," the companies said. They also want more flexibility to self-assess cybersecurity risks.

Persons: Aly, Thierry Breton, Vera Jourova, Robert Bosch, Foo Yun Chee, Rod Nickel Organizations: Ericsson, China, REUTERS, Rights, Electronics, Siemens, Schneider, European, European Union, Nokia, Robert, Robert Bosch GmbH, EU, Thomson Locations: Shanghai, China, Rights BRUSSELS, EU, Slovakian

Chew will meet Breton on Nov. 6 and Jourova and Reynders on Nov. 7, a TikTok spokesperson said. He will update the commissioners on TikTok's data security regime called Project Clover which started to store European user data locally this year, a TikTok spokesperson said. The company has a data centre in Dublin, Ireland, and is building two more in Ireland and Norway. Breton last month gave TikTok an Oct. 25 deadline to provide information on its crisis response measures. Reporting by Foo Yun Chee; editing by Sudip Kar-Gupta and Jason NeelyOur Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.

Persons: Shou Zi Chew, Online Harms, Thierry Breton, Vera Jourova, Didier Reynders, TikTok, Chew, Breton, Foo Yun Chee, Sudip Kar, Gupta, Jason Neely Organizations: Energy, Commerce, Safeguard, Online, Capitol, Breton, Digital Services, Big Tech, Thomson Locations: Washington , U.S, BRUSSELS, EU, Brussels, Israel, Gaza, Reynders, Dublin, Ireland, Norway

☆ Dutch regulator disputes Apple's commissions in dating app case
▼ + stars: | 2023-10-31 | by ( ) www.reuters.com time to read: +2 min

An Apple logo hangs above the entrance to the Apple store on 5th Avenue in the Manhattan borough of New York City, July 21, 2015. Although the case is limited to dating apps in the Netherlands, it is seen as having potential to set a precedent for other markets. Apple did agreed to make changes to the app store including opening it to alternative forms of payment for dating apps in the Netherlands. In February 2022 Apple cut commissions for dating app makers in the Netherlands to 27% from 30%. "Apple ... harms dating app providers by charging them an additional, and inexplicably higher, fee for the same services" it does other types of app makers, it said in the document.

Persons: Mike Segar, Foo Yun Chee, Toby Sterling, David Gregorio Our Organizations: Apple, REUTERS, Apple Inc, U.S ., Reuters, Bloomberg, Authority for Consumers and Markets, Rotterdam Court, ACM, Thomson Locations: Manhattan, New York City, Netherlands, U.S, Rotterdam

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