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Islamabad and New Delhi CNN —Tens of thousands of people are being evacuated as India and Pakistan brace for the impact of Cyclone Biparjoy, which is expected to make landfall in densely populated areas across the subcontinent Thursday, putting millions of lives at risk. Mass evacuations have started in Pakistan’s Sindh province, with about 60,000 people sent to temporary shelters, according to local authorities. Residents evacuate from a coastal area of Keti Bandar before the expected arrival of Cyclone Biparjoy in Pakistan's Sindh province on June 13. In India’s Gujarat state, about 21,000 people have been evacuated from coastal areas, according to the state’s relief commissioner, Alok Kumar Pandey. People gather near the shore before the arrival of Cyclone Biparjoy at Clifton Beach in Karachi, Pakistan, on June 13.

Persons: Biparjoy, ”, Leela Ram Kohli, Alok Kumar Pandey, Rashmi, Sherry Rehman, Cyclone, Akhtar Soomro, Tauktae Organizations: New Delhi CNN, India Meteorological Department, Cyclone, AFP, Getty, PIA, Livestock, CNN, Authorities, Twitter, Shenzhen Institute of Meteorological, Chinese University of Hong, World Meteorological Organization Locations: Islamabad, New Delhi, India, Pakistan, Pakistan’s Sindh, Karachi – Pakistan’s, Keti Bandar, Pakistan's Sindh, Sindh, Badin, India’s Gujarat, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Mumbai, Balochistan, People, Clifton Beach, Karachi, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Asia, India’s

☆ Versions of Hong Kong protest anthem no longer available on iTunes and Spotify
▼ + stars: | 2023-06-14 | by ( Jessie Pang | Thomson Reuters | Jessie Pang Joined Reuters In After An Internship. She Covers Hong Kong With A Focus On Politics | ) www.reuters.com time to read: +3 min

HONG KONG, June 14 (Reuters) - Various versions of the pro-democracy protest anthem "Glory to Hong Kong" were unavailable on Apple’s iTunes Store, Spotify, Facebook and Instagram’s Reels on Wednesday after the government sought an injunction banning the song outright. “Hong Kong Special Administrative Region has a duty and obligation to safeguard national security, and we should do it proactively and also preventively,” Lee said. "Glory to Hong Kong", including its various versions, dominated the top ten in Apple’s Hong Kong iTunes Store chart as people rushed to buy the song after the government announced its bid to ban it. "Glory to Hong Kong" has been played mistakenly instead of the Chinese national anthem "March of the Volunteers". Hong Kong's security chief said in December Google had refused to change its search results to display China's national anthem instead of "Glory to Hong Kong" when users searched for Hong Kong's national anthem, expressing "great regret" at the decision.

Persons: Hong, ThomasDGX, John Lee, ” Lee, Sarah Brooks, Hong Kong, HongKongers ”, Jessie Pang, Josh Ye, Nick Macfie Organizations: iTunes, Spotify, Facebook, Reuters, Rugby Sevens, “ Hong, Amnesty, High Court, Hong Kong iTunes, Apple, Google, Volunteers, Asia Rugby Association, Hong, Thomson Locations: HONG KONG, Hong Kong, Taiwan, China, “, “ Hong Kong, Hong, British

☆ Why Hong Kong can’t cut loose from the US dollar just yet
▼ + stars: | 2023-06-13 | by ( Laura He | ) edition.cnn.com time to read: +11 min

Hong Kong CNN —Hong Kong’s currency is facing its biggest test since the global financial crisis of 2008. The steep fall is a sign that investors are ditching the Hong Kong dollar. The Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) is committed to keeping the Hong Kong dollar between 7.75 and 7.85 per greenback. People walk past the Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) on May 4, 2023, in Hong Kong, China. “Pegging the Hong Kong dollar to the US dollar encourages such transactions to be carried out in Hong Kong and under Hong Kong law, even if neither party is based in Hong Kong.”This helps to create jobs and prosperity in Hong Kong, while also benefiting mainland China.

Persons: Hong, hasn’t, Andy Xie, ” Logan Wright, Bill Ackman’s, Ackman, Wright, Peter Parks, Kong, Deng Xiaoping, Margaret Thatcher, outflows, Chi Lo, Chen Yongnuo, Hong Kong’s, ”, Richard Cookson ,, Boaz Weinstein, Daniel Fung, Rhodium’s Wright, Xie, Eddie Yue, Banks, John Greenwood, “, Greenwood, ” Greenwood Organizations: Hong Kong CNN, British, Hong, Traders, Hong Kong, Bill Ackman’s Pershing, Capital Management, Getty, Lehman Brothers, Hong Kong Monetary Authority, US Federal Reserve, Asia Pacific, BNP, Asset Management, Fed, China News Service, Rubicon Fund Management, Bloomberg, Saba Capital Management, National Security Law, CNN Locations: Hong Kong, United States, China, Hong, Beijing, AFP, Britain, “, ”, Riding

☆ The story behind this playful rooftop portrait
▼ + stars: | 2023-06-09 | by ( Rebecca Cairns | ) edition.cnn.com time to read: +8 min

Hong Kong’s humidity – already oppressive – was intensified in the dark, maze-like alleyways of an unruly enclave known as Kowloon Walled City. Greg Girard, courtesy of Blue Lotus GalleryA ‘strange, vertical village’Girard first visited Kowloon Walled City in 1986 while on a shoot at the nearby airport. As such, the Walled City remained technically subject to Chinese rule, though this was never enforced. The site of the Walled City has since been transformed into a public park, which opened in 1995. Ongoing interest in the Walled City is, Girard suggests, because of the spirit it encapsulates: the aptitude for survival even in the harshest of circumstances.

Persons: –, Greg Girard, wasn’t, ” Girard, ”, Girard, Greg Girard ., ’ Girard, “, Ian Lambot, Lambot, Girard — Organizations: CNN, Kai Tek International, Lotus Locations: Hong, Kowloon Walled City, Walled City, Walled, Tung, Hong Kong, British, ”, “, City, Girard

The business conference will draw about 2,000 attendees from Greater China, in what will be one of the region's biggest-yet business delegation to Saudi Arabia, according to one person with direct knowledge of the matter. "From the perspective of both capital and new market, the Middle East, Saudi Arabia are really good new choices for Chinese companies and investors," said Henry Zhang, president of Hong Kong-based private equity firm Hermitage Capital. "Since late last year, a large number of Chinese funds have rushed to the Middle East looking for new investors. For the upcoming conference, Chinese entrepreneurs in attendance represent a range of industries -- from renewable energy and artificial intelligence to biotech, finance and tourism. "Previously, I had to actively pitch Chinese companies to consider Saudi Arabia as their destination of outbound investment and overseas expansion.

Persons: Xi Jinping's, Antony Blinken, Henry Zhang, Zhang, Robert Mogielnicki, Edison Gao, I've, Gao, Julie Zhu, Aziz El Yaakoubi, Sumeet Chatterjee, Michael Perry Organizations: China Business Conference, Hermitage Capital, Gulf States Institute, Ajlan, Brothers, Thomson Locations: HONG KONG, RIYADH, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Arab, Gulf, Beijing, Washington, U.S, Greater China, East, Hong Kong, Hermitage, China, Saudi, Rachna, Dubai

☆ New York overtakes Hong Kong as the most expensive city in the world for expats, new survey shows
▼ + stars: | 2023-06-08 | by ( Goh Chiew Tong | ) www.cnbc.com time to read: +4 min

Hong Kong has ended its four-year reign as the most expensive city globally for expatriates, according to a survey — as New York surpasses it to first place. Hong Kong has ended its four-year reign as the most expensive city globally for expatriates — surpassed by New York which took first place, according to a new survey. Hong Kong fell in our rankings as the increase in prices of day-to-day goods and services was tempered by falls in accommodation costs in the city. Lee Quane ECA InternationalStill, Hong Kong retained its position as the most expensive location in Asia. Reports suggest residents of Hong Kong left the city in droves last year — due to Covid-19 restrictions and what they see as an erosion of democratic norms.

Persons: —, Lee Quane Organizations: New, ECA, assignees, Lee, Asia, U.S . Federal, Urban Land Institute, ULI, Asia Pacific Centre for Housing, U.S ., San Locations: Hong Kong, New York, Asia, Singapore, Asia Pacific, Asia Hong Kong Singapore Seoul Tokyo Shanghai Guangzhou Shenzhen Beijing Taipei Yokohama, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Tokyo, Japan, York, U.S, San Francisco

☆ Hong Kong Asks Court to Stop Protest Anthem From Circulating Online
▼ + stars: | 2023-06-07 | by ( Chang Che | ) www.nytimes.com time to read: +1 min

After “Glory to Hong Kong” emerged as the unofficial anthem of pro-democracy demonstrators in 2019, the government of Hong Kong has tried to stifle its use. When it was played in error last year instead of the Chinese national anthem at a rugby match in South Korea, the Hong Kong government demanded an investigation. Hong Kong is seeking to prohibit the distribution or reproduction of the song “in any way,” including adaptations of its “melody or lyrics,” the government said in a statement on Tuesday. It said that the song had been used to “insult” the Chinese national anthem, “The March of the Volunteers,” causing “serious damage to the country” and to Hong Kong. The Hong Kong authorities had previously criticized Google for displaying the protest song under search results for Hong Kong’s national anthem.

Persons: Hong Kong ”, ” Organizations: Hong, Google, Volunteers Locations: Hong Kong, South Korea

☆ Hong Kong government seeks court injunction to ban protest anthem
▼ + stars: | 2023-06-06 | by ( Jessie Pang | Thomson Reuters | Jessie Pang Joined Reuters In After An Internship. She Covers Hong Kong With A Focus On Politics | ) www.reuters.com time to read: +2 min

HONG KONG, June 6 (Reuters) - The Hong Kong government said on Tuesday that it asked a court to ban a protest song in a bid to prevent people from inciting secession or insulting China's national anthem. "Recently, the song has also been mistakenly presented as the 'national anthem of Hong Kong' repeatedly," the government said in a statement. "This has not only insulted the national anthem but also caused serious damage to the country and the HKSAR." The protest anthem was played mistakenly instead of the Chinese national anthem "March of the Volunteers", after the Hong Kong ice hockey team beat Iran at an international competition. Google has said it would not change its search results to display China's national anthem, rather than a protest song, when users search for Hong Kong's national anthem.

Persons: Hong, Kong's, Jessie Pang, Gerry Doyle Organizations: Hong, Reuters, Department of Justice, YouTube, Google, Volunteers, Iran, Hong Kong Ice Hockey Association, Thomson Locations: HONG KONG, Hong Kong, China, Beijing

REUTERS/Tyrone SiuHONG KONG, June 5 (Reuters) - The United Nations said on Monday it was "alarmed" by detentions in Hong Kong linked to the 34th anniversary of the Tiananmen Square crackdown, while China said the financial hub was moving from "chaos" to prosperity. China's Foreign Ministry said in a statement late on Sunday that "today's Hong Kong is moving from chaos to stability and prosperity along the right track of "one country, two systems". "External forces" including the United States should uphold international law and stop "futile political manipulation" over Hong Kong to contain China, a ministry spokesperson said. The Canadian consulate said on its Facebook that it joined the people of Hong Kong and others around the world in "remembering the violent crackdown against unarmed and peaceful citizens" on June 4, 1989. Hong Kong public broadcaster RTHK said that all 23 people detained on Sunday for breaching peace and public order offences were not arrested and were later released.

Persons: Chong Mui, Tyrone Siu, Farah, Stephen Coates Organizations: Police, REUTERS, United Nations, Hong Kong, Human, Twitter, United States Consulate, RTHK, Thomson Locations: Hong Kong, China, Tyrone Siu HONG KONG, Hong, Beijing, United States, Taipei, London , New York, Berlin, Victoria Park, Canadian, Canada

☆ Tiananmen Square masacre anniversary: vigils go global as authorities in China and Hong Kong stamp out remembrance
▼ + stars: | 2023-06-03 | by ( Chris Lau | ) edition.cnn.com time to read: +10 min

“I think it’s sad to say that what Beijing and Hong Kong are doing is trying to erase history and the memory,” said Kevin Yam, a former lawyer in Hong Kong, who will be attending a ceremony in Melbourne, Australia, where he now resides. “Hong Kong has been carrying the torch for commemorating the Tiananmen massacre, keeping the legacy alive. When the museum was shut down, with the Hong Kong alliance’s leaders in prison, we knew it was a critical moment,” he said. Thousands gathered at a candlelit vigil in Hong Kong on June 4, 2017, to mark 28 years since China's bloody Tiananmen Square crackdown. “It is true that the commemorations around June 4th have expanded and become more global since it has become impossible to do anything in Hong Kong,” he told CNN.

Persons: Tyrone Siu, Hong Kongers, ”, Kevin Yam, Zhou, Zhou Fengsuo, Wang Dan, Hong Kong’s, “, Hong Kong, Isaac Lawrence, Chris Tang –, –, Louise Delmotte, Richard Tsoi, Catherine Henriette, Jens Galschiot, Anthony Kwan, Kongers Organizations: Hong Kong CNN, Communist Party, Reuters, CNN, Hong, People’s Liberation Army, Authorities, Getty, Victoria Park, Chinese Communist Party, Hong Kong Alliance, Police, . Police, of, Los, “, Britain –, London Locations: Hong Kong, China, Victoria, Beijing, Australia, Japan, Taiwan, Europe, United States, Canada, Melbourne, New York, York, “ Hong Kong, Hong, AFP, Tiananmen, Berlin, Danish, Germany, Los Angeles, Boston, Norway, Causeway, Britain, Nottingham, Manchester, London

REUTERS/Ann WangTAIPEI, June 3 (Reuters) - A Taiwan theatre is showcasing a Hong Kong play about Tiananmen Square to mark the 34th anniversary of the crackdown in Beijing, saying almost as much about shrinking freedoms in the former British colony as it does about the 1989 bloodshed. The play is about parents grieving for their son killed in Tiananmen Square. The theatre group that staged it, Stage 64, disbanded in 2021, citing pressure under the national security law. An alliance of Hong Kong activists that used to organise the annual Tiananmen vigil was disbanded after the arrest of several of its leaders in 2021. Some actors will use stage names and two Hong Kong actors will wear masks.

Persons: Hong, Ann Wang, It's, it's, Chung, Candace Chong, Chiu, Ming, Angie Teo, Jessie Pang, Fabian Hamacher, Robert Birsel Organizations: REUTERS, Amnesty, Hong, Amnesty International, Thomson Locations: Taipei, Taiwan, Ann Wang TAIPEI, Hong Kong, Beijing, Tiananmen, London , New York, Berlin, China, Amnesty International Taiwan, Britain

☆ Chinese star banker Bao Fan detained by country’s top anti-graft body, state media says
▼ + stars: | 2023-06-01 | by ( Laura He | ) edition.cnn.com time to read: +3 min

The mysterious disappearance of Bao has sent a chill through financial markets and China’s tech sector. Shares in China Renaissance had plunged more than 20% until they were suspended from trading in early April. China Renaissance had previously revealed only that Bao was “cooperating in an investigation” being carried out by certain authorities in the country. The specific agencies handling Bao’s case include the CCDI’s international cooperation bureau and Beijing’s municipal anti-graft authorities, the Economic Observer said. Cong has been detained by anti-corruption authorities since September for matters related to his tenure at ICBC Financial Leasing, the Economic Observer said.

Persons: Bao Fan, Bao, didn’t, Mike Blake, dealmaker, Xi, Cong Lin Organizations: Hong Kong CNN, Economic Observer, Central Commission, CNN, Communist Party, China Renaissance, Analysts, China’s, Industrial, Commercial Bank of China, Financial Leasing Locations: Hong Kong, China, Bao, Laguna Beach , California, Dianping

HONG KONG, May 31 (Reuters Breakingviews) - Elon Musk may be China’s most popular American. State media quoted Musk saying the United States and China share “inseparable” interests and that Tesla opposes decoupling. This all provides the $638 billion Tesla with good political cover in the world’s largest automobile market. But for now Beijing and Musk are getting what they want out of the arrangement, and that means it is likely to endure. Reuters GraphicsFollow @petesweeneypro and @KatrinaHamlin on TwitterCONTEXT NEWSTesla Chief Executive Elon Musk visited China on May 30 for the first time since 2020.

Persons: Elon, Qin Gang, Musk, Xi Jinping, Elon Musk, Apple's Tim Cook, JPMorgan's Jamie Dimon, Laxman Narasimhan, Robyn Mak, Thomas Shum Organizations: Reuters, Foreign, Chinese Communist Party, Tesla’s, Twitter, CCP, SpaceX, Starbucks, Thomson Locations: HONG KONG, Beijing, Shanghai, China, Japan, Republic, India, Turkey, People’s Republic, United States, Washington

☆ Cathay Pacific Fights to Emerge From the Long Shadow of Covid
▼ + stars: | 2023-05-29 | by ( Tiffany May | ) www.nytimes.com time to read: +1 min

In 2019, when Hong Kong was convulsed by pro-democracy protests, Cathay Pacific was caught in the crossfire with Beijing. Flights were canceled or delayed by airport sit-ins involving thousands of demonstrators, among them employees of the airline, Cathay Pacific. Turmoil grew inside Cathay Pacific. In 2020, as the pandemic grounded its business, Cathay shuttered its regional division, Cathay Dragon. It parked 70 unused planes in the desert in Alice Springs, Australia, and fired 5,300 employees based in Hong Kong.

[1/2] Alan Leong Kah-kit, Chairperson of the Civic Party, speaks to the media announcing the party's disbandment in Hong Kong, China May 27, 2023. Today, the Civic Party is bidding Hong Kong farewell. We hope Hong Kong people will live in the moment with a hopeful and not too heavy heart. The Civic Party, founded in 2006, had been a major democratic force in the financial hub that returned from British to Chinese rule in 1997, alongside the Democratic Party, performing strongly in local legislative and district polls. Hong Kong and Chinese authorities described the electoral revamp as a progressive democratic step to ensure only pro-China "patriots" govern Hong Kong.

☆ This 15-mile, $6.7B bridge is a symbol of China’s ambitions, and its problems
▼ + stars: | 2023-05-23 | by ( Chris Lau | ) edition.cnn.com time to read: +9 min

The Greater Bay Area is home to 68 million people, covers 21,800 square miles and encompasses 11 cities: Hong Kong, Macao and nine others including Zhongshan and Shenzhen. The Shenzhen-Zhongshan bridge project features artificial islands and an undersea tunnel. That bridge connects the mainland Chinese city of Zhuhai with gambling hub Macao and leading financial center Hong Kong. An aerial view of the world's longest cross-sea bridge, the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, in Zhuhai city, south China's Guangdong province, 19 March 2019. The latest bridge would connect two mainland Chinese cities that were already under the same regulations, he pointed out.

☆ China's tech feud with the US is heating up
▼ + stars: | 2023-05-21 | by ( Joe Mcdonald | Associated Press | ) www.businessinsider.com time to read: +4 min

China is clamping down on the use of computer chips from US tech giant Micron Technologies. China's government claims Micron products have unspecified "serious network security risks." It's the latest development in the United States' tech feud with China. They import more than $300 billion worth of foreign chips every year. Beijing is pouring billions of dollars into trying to accelerate chip development and reduce the need for foreign technology.

No one was present when Reuters visited the Hong Kong office of Mintz during business hours, with the doors locked and lights off. China's State Council Information Office, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Hong Kong and Macau Affairs Office did not respond to Reuters requests for comment. The Hong Kong government said it did not comment on individual business decisions. Rights groups accuse Beijing of abuses against mainly Muslim Uyghurs in the western region of Xinjiang, including the mass use of forced labour. Reporting by James Pomfret in Hong Kong, Engen Than in Shanghai and Hong Kong Newsroom; Editing by Lincoln FeastOur Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.

☆ Cathay Pacific’s free tickets to Hong Kong all claimed in 2.5 hours
▼ + stars: | 2023-05-19 | by ( Lilit Marcus | ) edition.cnn.com time to read: +2 min

Hong Kong CNN —Zachary Kussin was ready. The New Yorker had marked the date on his calendar months in advance and checked the Hello Kong Kong website every day for more information, all in hopes of scoring a free airline ticket. At a splashy event in February 2023, city officials announced that some 500,000 free airline tickets would be distributed both to local residents eager for a vacation and international travelers keen to visit Hong Kong. A representative from Cathay tells CNN that the tickets were all snapped up in two and a half hours. “We are very encouraged by the enthusiastic response from our Cathay members who registered for the exclusive ticket offer to Hong Kong,” the rep says.

[1/3] The U.S. corporate due diligence firm Mintz Group's office is seen in Hong Kong, China, May 18, 2023. No one was present when Reuters visited the Hong Kong office of Mintz during business hours, with the doors locked and lights off. China's State Council Information Office, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Hong Kong and Macau Affairs Office did not respond to Reuters requests for comment. The Hong Kong government said it did not comment on individual business decisions. Reporting by James Pomfret in Hong Kong, Engen Than in Shanghai and Hong Kong Newsroom; Editing by Lincoln FeastOur Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.

☆ China, birthplace of COVID, lays tracks for a new global health crisis
▼ + stars: | 2023-05-18 | by ( ) www.reuters.com time to read: +10 min

Bat viruses have been the source of multiple health crises besides those related to coronaviruses, including recent outbreaks of Ebola, Nipah, and Marburg. Partners in risk The total area at high risk for bat viruses to infect humans more than doubled in size in Laos between 2002 and 2020. The animals, known to be susceptible to bat viruses, included raccoon dogs, bamboo rats and porcupines. As China boomed in recent decades, global demand for rubber also skyrocketed, leading to further development and deforestation here. Already, scientists have found local bats bearing viruses closely related to those responsible for the 2003 SARS and COVID-19 pandemics.

☆ Opinion | The Decade That Cannot Be Deleted
▼ + stars: | 2023-05-18 | by ( Pamela Paul | ) www.nytimes.com time to read: +2 min

It would seem impossible to forget or minimize the Cultural Revolution in China, which lasted from 1966 to 1976, resulted in an estimated 1.6 million to two million deaths and scarred a generation and its descendants. The movement, which under Mao Zedong’s leadership sought to purge Chinese society of all remaining non-Communist elements, upended nearly every hallowed institution and custom. The Chinese government has never been particularly eager to preserve the memory of that sordid decade. When I spent six weeks traveling in China in 1994 — a slightly more open time in the country — I encountered few public acknowledgments of the Cultural Revolution. “When you’ve had a collective trauma, you really need a collective response,” Branigan told me recently.

☆ Here's how rich you need to be to be among the wealthiest 1% in the US, UK, and China
▼ + stars: | 2023-05-18 | by ( Grace Dean | ) www.businessinsider.com time to read: +3 min

New data from Knight Frank shows how rich you need to be to make the top 1% in 25 countries. Monaco tops the list. It's $3.3 million in the UK, $1.6 million in the UAE, and $960,000 in mainland China. The highest-ranking Asian country is Singapore, where you need $3.5 million to be in the wealthiest 1%, just ahead of Hong Kong at $3.4 million. In Japan you need $1.7 million to make the cut, whereas in mainland China it's $960,000.

☆ How Reuters pinpointed bat-virus risk zones worldwide
▼ + stars: | 2023-05-16 | by ( ) www.reuters.com time to read: +12 min

Areas where conditions are similar are more prone to spillover, scientists say. The Reuters analysis, which assessed spillover risk through 2020, has proven to have some predictive power. Similar statistical models are used widely to analyze data in ecology, and researchers use them to understand spillover risk. More than one of every five people on the planet is living in areas where the risk is highest for spillover. Using epidemic modeling software called GLEAMviz, the news agency simulated a worldwide pandemic originating from the spillover of a theoretical novel virus.

HONG KONG, May 16 (Reuters) - Hong Kong's leader said on Tuesday public libraries needed to ensure books don't violate local laws, amid criticism that many books and videos related to China's Tiananmen Square crackdown have now been removed from library shelves. If they want to buy, they can buy," Hong Kong's chief executive John Lee told reporters when asked about the removal of June 4 literature and documentaries from public libraries. "What libraries need to do is to ensure that there's no breach of any laws in Hong Kong, including of course, copyrights etc, and also if they spread any kind of messages that are not in the interests of Hong Kong," Lee added, without elaborating. Public memorials and commemorations of China's bloody Tiananmen Square crackdown in 1989 were once allowed in Hong Kong, unlike mainland China where it is a taboo and censored topic. Hong Kong's Ming Pao newspaper reported that more than 40 percent of video materials and books involving "political themes" had been removed from public libraries since 2020.

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