The president's physician, Kevin O’Connor, said in the memo that a "small lesion" was found above Biden's right eye during a routine skin cancer screening.
According to the American Cancer Society, Mohs surgery involves removing a very thin layer of the skin, including the lesion, and checking the sample under a microscope.
If cancer cells are found, additional layers of skin are removed until samples are free from cancer cells.
Jill Biden, 71, has been an advocate of cancer prevention and treatment, and teamed up with the American Cancer Society in October to launch roundtables on breast and cervical cancer.
Her scheduled surgery comes roughly a year after she vowed to “end the tragedy of cancer as we know it,” by working to support cancer patients and their families and encouraging Americans to prioritize cancer screenings.