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[1/4] A wheel loader operator fills a truck with ore at the MP Materials rare earth mine in Mountain Pass, California, U.S. January 30, 2020. Market leader Tesla (TSLA.O) garnered headlines earlier this year saying it would cut rare earths from its next-generation EVs. China dominates the mining and processing of a group of 17 metals known as rare earths, though companies elsewhere are trying to loosen China's grip. 'WAITING IN THE WINGS'The average EV permanent magnet motor uses around 600 grams (1.32 lb) of heavy rare earth neodymium. Tesla's announcement on dropping rare earths "opened up buyers' eyes to the fact that you don't really need rare earths to make EV magnets," Niron CEO Jonathan Rowntree said.

Persons: Steve Marcus, Tesla, Otmar Scharrer, Scharrer, you've, Ben Chiswick, Uwe Deuke, Gerd Roesel, Jonathan Rowntree, Oki, James Edmondson, Edmondson, Mike Grant, Nick Carey, Christina Amann, Paul Lienert, Ernest Scheyder, Gilles Guillaume, Giulio Piovaccari, Ben Klayman, Sharon Singleton Organizations: REUTERS, Auto, LONDON, General Motors, Rover, Nissan, ZF, U.S, BMW, Renault, GM, EV, Warwick Acoustics, Thomson Locations: Pass , California, U.S, China, BERLIN, German, Detroit, Europe, London, Berlin, Houston, Paris, Milan

☆ A Wall Street banker bought a coal mine sight unseen that could contain $37 billion worth of rare earth minerals
▼ + stars: | 2023-11-10 | by ( Jenny Mcgrath | ) www.businessinsider.com time to read: +4 min

Over a decade ago, a Wall Street banker bought a coal mine to sell coal. Turns out, the mine contains rare earth elements that could be worth tens of billions of dollars. AdvertisementAdvertisementIn 2011, Randall Atkins, a former Wall Street banker, bought a mine outside of Sheridan, Wyoming, sight unseen, The Wall Street Journal reported. In May, Ramaco announced that Atkins' Brook Mine contains one of the largest unconventional deposits of rare earth elements in the US. Early this year, the White House announced it plans to invest $32 million in domestic rare earth and other mineral projects.

Persons: —, Randall Atkins, Atkins, Ramaco, REE, REEs, David Becker, Patty Webber, They're, haven't, Shannon Anderson Organizations: Wall Street, Service, Street Journal, Casper Star, Tribune, DOE's National Energy Technology Laboratory, International, Inc, Resources, Reuters, Geological Survey, Wyoming Public, Defense Department, White House, Sheridan Press Locations: Sheridan , Wyoming, Atkins, Wyoming, China

☆ Analysis: The US presidential election is next year. Here’s what that could mean for stocks
▼ + stars: | 2023-11-09 | by ( Krystal Hur | ) edition.cnn.com time to read: +6 min

New York CNN —The US presidential election is less than a year away. Wall Street has a laundry list of uncertainties that it worries could threaten the current stock rally, including the upcoming presidential election. But history shows that stocks typically gain during the fourth year of presidential terms. The S&P 500 has gained 6.2% on average during the fourth year of presidential terms since 1932, according to Yardeni Research. That’s below the 13.5% gain the index has averaged during the third year of presidential terms since 1931.

Persons: ’, There’s, Darrell Crate, ”, Goldman Sachs, Joe Abbott, Abbott, Loretta Mester, Bryan Mena, Elisabeth Buchwald, Hawkish, Mester, Heidi Gartland, “, ” Gartland, Read, Niron, Peter Valdes, Niron Magnetics, Jonathan Rowntree Organizations: CNN Business, Bell, New York CNN, Federal Reserve, The New York Fed, Management, Investors, Research, Yardeni Research, “, CNN, Cleveland Fed, Reserve Bank, Cleveland, Regional, Bank, General Motors, China General Motors Locations: New York, East, Russia, Ukraine, Wisconsin, China, Minnesota

☆ With big new EV motor investment, GM aims to cut reliance on China
▼ + stars: | 2023-11-08 | by ( Peter Valdes-Dapena | ) edition.cnn.com time to read: +2 min

In electric vehicle motors, rapidly shifting magnetic fields spin a rotor made with magnets that contain “rare Earth minerals” such as terbium and dysprosium. China accounts for a large percentage of the world’s rare Earth minerals supply, according to the United States Geological Survey. And among those minerals used for EV motor magnets, China is responsible for about 90%, according to Niron. The technology could also make EV motors less expensive, he said, but declined to say by what percentage. Daniels would not say when GM expects to begin manufacturing EV motors using the new magnet technology.

Persons: Niron, Niron Magnetics, Jonathan Rowntree, GM EVs, ”, Kai Daniels, Stellantis, Rowntree, Daniels Organizations: New, New York CNN —, Motors, United States Geological Survey, GM, GM Ventures, Stellantis Ventures, Volvo Car Tech Fund, Chrysler, Dodge, Fiat, Sioux Community, University of Minnesota Locations: New York, Wisconsin, China, dysprosium, Minnesota, Sioux

☆ GM, Stellantis invest in EV magnet startup in move to reduce China reliance
▼ + stars: | 2023-11-08 | by ( ) www.reuters.com time to read: +3 min

[1/2] The GM logo is seen on the facade of the General Motors headquarters in Detroit, Michigan, U.S., March 16, 2021. Today, roughly 90% of the rare-earth magnet supply is dependent upon China." "There's a lot of manufacturing steps and a lack of price transparency in this industry with rare earths, given the concentration of supplies in China," Niron Senior Director Tom Grainger said. The deal comes despite GM's 2021 agreement to buy rare-earth magnets from MP Materials (MP.N). MP has struggled to refine its own rare earths in California, but has been building a magnet facility in Texas.

Persons: Rebecca Cook, Jonathan Rowntree, Anirvan Coomer, Adam Bazih, Niron, Tom Grainger, Nathan Gomes, Ernest Scheyder, Ben Klayman, Matthew Lewis Organizations: General Motors, REUTERS, GM, Stellantis Ventures, Materials, Thomson Locations: Detroit , Michigan, U.S, China, Minneapolis, California, Texas, Bengaluru, New York

They argue that geopolitical tensions between the West and China risk the reliable supply of rare earth minerals. Aclara's Barua said that Western supply of rare earth elements will not develop if it depends on Chinese prices. "The price of any metal (rare earth or otherwise) that is coming from China or from western countries has the same pricing, so why should rare earth pricing be different?" The discussion on pricing has come up often in the Rare Earth Industry Association, said Veluri, who is also the president of the global organization with partners representing the whole rare earth value chain. "But for things like cobalt, copper, or rare earth metals there is a good strategic play to find with a mining partner."

Persons: Ramon Barua, Aclara's Barua, Veluri, Australia's, Tim Harrison, Harrison, Flavio Volpe, Volpe, Divya Rajagopal, Denny Thomas, Marguerita Choy Organizations: TORONTO, Reuters, Aclara, Earth Industry Association, Companies, Automotive Parts Manufacturers Association, Thomson Locations: China, Chile, West, Beijing, Badrinath, Denmark, Vietnam, Malaysia, Myanmar

☆ Chinese rare earth prices hit 20-month high on Myanmar supply worry
▼ + stars: | 2023-09-07 | by ( Reuters Staff | ) www.reuters.com time to read: +3 min

BEIJING/HANOI (Reuters) -Chinese rare earth prices jumped to their highest in 20 months, as mining suspension in major producer Myanmar sparked stockpiling ahead of the peak consumption season, analysts said on Thursday. A mining machine is seen at the Bayan Obo mine containing rare earth minerals, in Inner Mongolia, China July 16, 2011. Rare earth is a prized group of 17 minerals used in consumer electronics and military equipment. Myanmar accounted for 38% of rare earth imports into China in January-July, Chinese trade data showed, while the Southeast Asian country was the fourth biggest source of rare earth mining in 2022, data by the U.S. Geological Survey showed. ($1 = 7.3275 Chinese yuan renminbi)

Persons: Stringer, Eikon, SMM, “, ”, Yang Jiawen, David Merriman, Merriman, ” Merriman, SMM’s Yang Organizations: REUTERS, Shanghai Metals, Mines, U.S . Geological Survey, Reuters Locations: BEIJING, HANOI, Myanmar, Bayan, Inner Mongolia, China, Myanmar’s Pangwa, Kachin State, Chipwi, Pangwa, Kachin, Southern China, Laos, Jiangxi province

REUTERS/Steve Marcus/File photoAug 2 (Reuters) - Refining rare earths for the green energy transition is hard. "The (rare earths) commissioning process is painstaking, with stops and starts," Jim Litinsky, MP's CEO and largest shareholder, told investors in May. Rare earths magnets turn power into motion and are the essential components in an electric vehicle's motor. Rare earths refining "is not really being addressed even by those who are developing magnet capacity," said Ryan Castilloux, a minerals consultant at Adamas Intelligence. American Rare Earths is working with U.S. government scientists at the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory to develop bacteria that could process rare earths.

Persons: Steve Marcus, Lockheed Martin's, Lynas, Jim Litinsky, Kray Luxbacker, they've, Allan Walton, Ryan Castilloux, Castilloux, refines, Dysprosium, Tesla, Melissa Sanderson, Nathan Picarsic, Ernest Scheyder, Eric Onstad, Nick Carey, Melanie Burton, Veronica Brown, Susan Heavey Organizations: REUTERS, Lockheed, International Energy Agency, General Motors, University of, University of Birmingham, Adamas Intelligence, Trump, Reuters, Pentagon, Blue, Benchmark Mineral Intelligence, Edge, Sweden's, U.S, Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, Horizon Advisory, Thomson Locations: Pass , California, U.S, China, Apple's, Beijing, Texas, Western Australia, COVID, California, Myanmar, Vietnam, Malaysia, Australia, Kuala Lumpur, United States, San Antonio , Texas, Sweden, South Africa, Karr

☆ Factbox: The complexity of transforming rare earths from mine to magnet
▼ + stars: | 2023-08-02 | by ( ) www.reuters.com time to read: +3 min

China accounts for about 60% of global rare earth mine production, but its share jumps to 85%-90% of processed rare earths and magnet output. The ore contains a small percentage of rare earths, but other minerals are removed through flotation, magnetic or electrostatic processing to produce a mixed rare earth concentrate that often contains 60% to 70% rare earths. So-called light and heavy rare earths must go through different separation circuits where individual rare earths are extracted. METALS/ALLOYSSeparated rare earth oxides or carbonates are then refined into rare earth metals. Small amounts of rare earths dysprosium and terbium are often added to create more heat resistance in the magnet.

Persons: Steve Marcus, Goldman Sachs, Eric Onstad, Susan Heavey Organizations: REUTERS, Thomson Locations: Pass , California, U.S, China

☆ Explainer-China's rare earths dominance in focus after mineral export curbs
▼ + stars: | 2023-07-05 | by ( Mai Nguyen | ) www.reuters.com time to read: +5 min

WHAT ARE RARE EARTHS AND HOW ARE THEY USED? The chemical properties of rare earths make them difficult to separate from surrounding materials, and processing generates toxic waste. Lax environmental standards enabled China to build its dominance in rare earths in recent decades as Western producers left the industry. Western countries have ramped up support to boost domestic production of critical minerals including rare earths. Electric vehicle maker Tesla is moving away from rare earths in future models to mitigate environmental and supply risks, as the rare earth industry struggles to meet demand.

Persons: Florence, Lynas Organizations: Reuters, REUTERS, United States Geological Survey, Adamas Intelligence, United, RARE, European Union, World Trade Organization Locations: China, Japan, Beijing, CHINA, United States, Australia, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Russia, Brazil, India, Canada, Las Vegas, California

☆ China's rare earths dominance in focus after it limits germanium and gallium exports
▼ + stars: | 2023-07-05 | by ( Mai Nguyen | Thomson Reuters | Mai Reports On The Nonferrous Metals Markets In Asia. She Writes About Daily Price Movers | ) www.reuters.com time to read: +5 min

Exports: Chinese exports of rare earths have declined. Beijing then curbed global exports of rare earths, saying it was trying to curtail pollution and preserve resources. The chemical properties of rare earths make them difficult to separate from surrounding materials, and processing generates toxic waste. Western countries have ramped up support to boost domestic production of critical minerals including rare earths. Electric vehicle maker Tesla (TSLA.O) is moving away from rare earths in future models to mitigate environmental and supply risks, as the rare earth industry struggles to meet demand.

Persons: Lynas, Mai Nguyen, Melanie Burton, Dominique Patton, Tony Munroe, Barbara Lewis Organizations: United States Geological Survey, Adamas Intelligence, United, RARE, European Union, World Trade Organization, Thomson Locations: China, Japan, Beijing, CHINA, United States, Australia, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Russia, Brazil, India, Canada, Las Vegas, California, Hanoi, Melbourne

☆ Japan signed a critical minerals deal with the U.S. — but it's still losing the global EV race
▼ + stars: | 2023-06-20 | by ( Audrey Wan | ) www.cnbc.com time to read: +4 min

Tokyo in March signed the U.S.-Japan Critical Minerals Agreement, securing both countries' commitment to strengthen supply chains and promote EV battery technologies. Notably, the deal allows minerals from Japan to meet sourcing requirements for U.S. electric vehicle tax credits, unlocking up to $7,500 per vehicle. The critical minerals agreement was "negotiated in warp-speed time" when similar deals "usually take years," David Boling, Eurasia Group director for Japan and Asian trade, told CNBC. Hybrid EVs still account for 96.8% of new EV sales in the country, according to the Japan Automobile Dealers Association. EV supply chain strainJapan depends on China for critical minerals essential to the production of EV components.

Persons: Yasuhide Mizuno, Kiyoshi Ota, David Boling, Boling, Eurasia's, BEV, China's, Kristin Vekasi Organizations: Sony Honda Mobility, Sony, Bloomberg, Getty, Japan, U.S, U.S ., EV, Eurasia Group, CNBC, U.S . Trade, Honda, Toyota, Nissan, Japan Automobile Dealers Association, International Energy Agency, Argonne National Laboratory, IEA, University of Maine, Hitachi Metals, Nikkei Locations: Tokyo, Japan, U.S, China, Nikkei Asia

☆ The U.S. Wants a Rare-Earths Supply Chain. Here’s Why It Won’t Come Easily.
▼ + stars: | 2023-04-25 | by ( Yusuf Khan | ) www.wsj.com time to read: +10 min

MP Materials efforts to build a local supply chain demonstrate the challenge for American producers. Challenging China’s dominanceWhile the 60% might not sound that concentrated, the dependence on China is even more pronounced further down the supply chain. James Litinsky, CEO of MP Materials, stands in front of the Mountain Pass mine in 2018. But if you miss one step then you do not have a supply chain that’s secure,” Mr. Litinsky said. Defense Metals’ Ms. Moreno said that little knowledge exists outside of China in building the whole supply chain.

[1/3] Samples of rare earth minerals from left: Cerium oxide, Bastnaesite, Neodymium oxide and Lanthanum carbonate at Molycorp's Mountain Pass Rare Earth facility in Mountain Pass, California June 29, 2015. Australia's Lynas Rare Earths Ltd. (LYC.AX) slumped 6.8% on the news and has fallen further since. It hasn't helped the price of rare earths either, accentuating a sharp slide that began in February. Shanghai Metal Market rare earth assessmentsRARE EARTHS ROLLER-COASTERRare earths have been on a price roller-coaster over the last three years. There is also the lingering threat that China could weaponise its rare earths supply if relations with the West deteriorate.

☆ Norway discovers trove of metals, minerals and rare earths on its seabed
▼ + stars: | 2023-01-30 | by ( Reuters Laura Paddison | Laura Paddison | ) edition.cnn.com time to read: +3 min

A Norwegian study has found a “substantial” amount of metals and minerals ranging from copper to rare earths on the seabed of its extended continental shelf, authorities said on Friday in their first official estimates. “Of the metals found on the seabed in the study area, magnesium, niobium, cobalt and rare earth minerals are found on the European Commission’s list of critical minerals,” the Norwegian Petroleum Directorate (NPD), which conducted the study, said in a statement. About 24 million tonnes of magnesium and 3.1 million tonnes of cobalt are estimated to be in manganese crusts grown on bedrock over millions of years, as well as 1.7 million tonnes of cerium, a rare earth element used in alloys. The manganese crusts are also estimated to contain other rare earth metals, such as neodymium, yttrium and dysprosium. “Costly, rare minerals such as neodymium and dysprosium are extremely important for magnets in wind turbines and the engines in electric vehicles,” the NPD said.

☆ Norway finds 'substantial' mineral resources on its seabed
▼ + stars: | 2023-01-27 | by ( Nerijus Adomaitis | ) www.reuters.com time to read: +2 min

The resources estimate, covering remote areas in the Norwegian Sea and Greenland Sea, showed there were 38 million tonnes of copper, almost twice the volume mined globally each year, and 45 million tonnes of zinc accumulated in polymetallic sulphides. About 24 million tonnes of magnesium and 3.1 million tonnes of cobalt are estimated to be in manganese crusts grown on bedrock over millions of years, as well as 1.7 million tonnes of cerium, a rare earth metal used in alloys. The manganese crusts are also estimated to contain other rare earth metals, such as neodymium, yttrium and dysprosium. "Costly, rare minerals such as neodymium and dysprosium are extremely important for magnets in wind turbines and the engines in electric vehicles", the NPD said. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTEnvironmental groups have called on Norway to postpone its seabed mineral exploration until more studies are conducted to understand the organisms living on the seabed and the impact of mining on them.

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