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☆ Arrowheads carried by Bronze Age warriors reveal who fought on Europe’s oldest battlefield
▼ + stars: | 2024-09-28 | by ( Ashley Strickland | ) edition.cnn.com time to read: +6 min

But to archaeologists, the Tollense Valley is considered Europe’s oldest battlefield. The biggest mysteries that researchers aim to uncover are why the battle occurred and who fought in it. A long time agoYears of excavations in the Tollense Valley have uncovered evidence that the site was the scene of Europe's oldest battlefield 3,250 years ago. S. SauerDozens of bronze and flint arrowheads recovered from the Tollense Valley are revealing details about the able-bodied warriors who fought in the Bronze Age battle. The research team analyzed and compared the arrowheads, some of which were still embedded in the remains of the fallen.

Persons: Sauer, Al Hadid, ”, Martijn Oei, carolinus, Grearson, Ashley Strickland, Katie Hunt Organizations: CNN —, United Arab Emirates, ., California Institute of Technology, Grearson Harvard, Stanford, CNN Space, Science Locations: Germany, Bavaria, Moravia, Dubai, United Arab, China —, Chile, Australia, New Zealand, Falkland, Antarctica

Yang Yimin / University of Chinese Academy of SciencesThe Bronze Age coffin was discovered during the excavation of the Xiaohe Cemetery in 2003. The fact that those items included chunks of kefir cheese alongside the body showed that “cheese was important for their life,” she added. They identified the cheese as kefir cheese, which is made by fermenting milk using kefir grains. The journey of the cheese took them to tracing the journey of the kefir culture, which is used to make the final cheese. Asked if the kefir cheese was still edible and if she would try it, Fu was less enthusiastic.

Persons: ”, Fu Qiaomei, Xinjiang —, Yang Yimin, Fu, Ping Wanjing, Fu’s, they’re, ” Fu Organizations: Chinese Academy of Sciences, NBC News, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, “ Locations: HONG KONG, China, Beijing, what’s, Xinjiang, East Asia, Xiaohe, Europe, Caucasus, Russia, Asia, Tibet

☆ DNA from 3,600-year-old cheese sequenced by scientists
▼ + stars: | 2024-09-25 | by ( Katie Hunt | ) edition.cnn.com time to read: +7 min

A decade after the dairy discovery on strikingly intact remains mummified by the Taklamakan Desert’s arid conditions, scientists have extracted and sequenced DNA from the 3,600-year-old cheese, the oldest in the archaeological record. Fu is director of the ancient DNA laboratory at the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology in Beijing. The researchers recovered animal and microbe DNA from the kefir cheese discovered on the Tarim Basin mummies. Fu and her colleagues also sequenced the bacterial genes in the ancient kefir cheese, revealing insights into how probiotic bacteria evolved over the past 3,600 years. “Ancient DNA analysis, especially on microbes, is fraught with technical problems, mostly stemming from contamination by modern bacteria,” he added.

Persons: ”, Christina Warinner, John L, Loeb, Warinner wasn’t, Qiaomei Fu, Fu, Yang, it’s, Taylor Hermes, ” Hermes, Pichia kudriavzevii, kefir, we’ve, ” Fu, Hermes, Warinner, William Taylor, Taylor, wasn’t Organizations: CNN, Cell, Social Sciences, Harvard University, Vertebrate Paleontology, University of Arkansas, University of Colorado, school’s Locations: what’s, China, ”, Beijing, Tarim, China’s Xinjiang, Asia, Russia, Tibet, United States, Japan, Caucasus, Anatolia, University of Colorado Boulder

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