S & P 500 money is oblivious to stock valuations of any kind and ignorant to upgrades and downgrades. The Lilliputian sellers regularly fail to do damage when matched with the oblivious index money. A 4% 2-year note isn't competitive to the magnet of the S & P 500 and its kin. That's emblematic of what happens with a big buyback without stock-based compensation (something many tech firms use that renders moot the S & P 500 inflows). Because of the way that the S & P 500 money is divvied up, the share base becomes overwhelmingly index-fund based and the index fund shareholders do not sell.

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