Submarines could be very useful for defense of Canadian territory, or asserting a presence in contested Arctic waters. But tripling Canada's submarine fleet will require more than buying new boats. AdvertisementThough Canada acquired its first submarine in 1914, its recent experience with undersea boats has not been a happy one. In 1998, the Royal Canadian Navy bought four used British Upholder-class diesel-electric subs that became surplus as Britain switched to an all-nuclear submarine fleet. Several foreign shipbuilders have expressed interest in selling subs to Canada, including South Korea's Hanwha Ocean and Sweden's Saab.

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