These private quasi-governments are called homeowner associations, or HOAs. While California has the most HOAs of any state (50,000), Florida has far more HOA residents as a percentage of its population. The association also provided its residents with "the usual privileges of a citizen in any free state," Tullock wrote. Readers will not be shocked to learn that Clarke and Freedman also found that HOA residents were more likely to be white or Asian than non-HOA residents. (Cashin observed that several states, including New Jersey and Texas, had laws allowing HOA residents to subtract the cost of privately provided infrastructure from their taxes.)

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