Russia's use of Iranian drones in Ukraine has been framed as Iran trying to test out its hardware. But Russia has so far been using those drones in a manner different than Iran would likely use them. For all the attention given to Iran's ballistic missiles, the country has spent more than a decade diversifying its strike capabilities. Iranian drones were notably employed alongside cruise missiles in the attacks on Saudi oil facilities in September 2019. Second, the propeller-driven Iranian drones that Russia is now using are slow and, if detected while in transit, provide ample warning for defenders to activate defenses.

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