The first parts of a Russian S-400 system are unloaded at an airport near Ankara in July 2019. Turkey's S-400 lacks that integration, as it hasn't been connected to NATO's radar network because alliance members fear that doing so could expose other systems to Russian observation. That made Russia's S-400 seem like not only a valid alternative but a preferable option to the US-made Patriot missile-defense system. (The US withdrew Patriot batteries from Turkey in late 2015, adding to Turkish concerns and desire for another air-defense system.) After the initial signing, the deal went into limbo over reported political disagreements and Turkey never received the system.

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