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Two American scientists were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine or Physiology on Monday for their groundbreaking work on how genes behave. Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun discovered microRNA, which the Nobel Assembly describes as "a fundamental principle governing how gene activity is regulated." The tiny microRNA molecules play a crucial role in determining how different cells — which have the same chromosomes, essentially their instruction manual — have different characteristics. "The answer lies in gene regulation, which allows each cell to select only the relevant instructions," the Nobel announcement said. But subsequent work, including the discovery of another microRNA in 2000, proved that there are more than a thousand genes for different microRNAs in humans.

Persons: Victor Ambros, Gary Ruvkun, Ruvkin, Silverman, Worcester , Massachusetts Ruvkun Organizations: Medicine, Nobel, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Natural Science, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Harvard University, Harvard Medical School Locations: Hanover , New Hampshire, Worcester , Massachusetts, Berkeley , California

And I told her that many, many scientists work very, very hard," Kariko added. BioNTech said in June that about 1.5 billion people across the world had received its mRNA shot, co-developed with Pfizer (PFE.N). [1/11]Katalin Kariko and Drew Weissman win the 2023 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden October 2, 2023. The medicine prize kicks off this year's Nobel awards with the remaining five to be unveiled in coming days. The prizes, first handed out in 1901, were created by Swedish dynamite inventor and wealthy businessman Alfred Nobel.

Persons: Weissman, Katalin Kariko, Drew Weissman, Kariko, BioNTech, Rickard Sandberg, Susan Francia, immunologist, ”, Sir Andrew Pollard, Alfred Nobel, Swede Svante Paabo, Alexander Fleming, Karl Landsteiner, Niklas Pollard, Johan Ahlander, Ludwig Burger, Terje Solsvik, Andrew Cawthorne Organizations: Medicine, Nobel, Sweden's Karolinska Institute, University of Szeged, University of Pennsylvania, Pfizer, Karolinska Institute, TT News Agency, REUTERS Acquire, Boston University, Oxford University, AstraZeneca, Moderna, Thomson Locations: STOCKHOLM, COVID, Hungary, Pennsylvania, Szeged, U.S, Stockholm, Sweden, Frankfurt, Krisztina, Budapest, Oslo

☆ Nobel in medicine goes to 2 scientists whose work enabled creation of mRNA vaccines against Covid
▼ + stars: | 2023-10-02 | by ( ) www.cnbc.com time to read: +2 min

Katalin Karikó,(right) PhD, is a biochemist and researcher, best known for her contributions to mRNA technology and the COVID-19 vaccines. Two scientists won the Nobel Prize in medicine on Monday for discoveries that enabled the development of mRNA vaccines against COVID-19. Paabo's father, Sune Bergstrom, won the Nobel Prize in medicine in 1982. The prizes carry a cash award of 11 million Swedish kronor ($1 million). The money comes from a bequest left by the prize's creator, Swedish inventor Alfred Nobel, who died in 1896.

Persons: Drew Weissman, Karikó, Katalin, Thomas Perlmann, Gunilla Karlsson, Svante Paabo, Paabo's, Sune Bergstrom, Alfred Nobel Organizations: COVID, Sagan's University, University of Pennsylvania, Nobel Assembly Locations: Hungary, Swedish, Oslo, Stockholm

☆ mRNA vaccine: 5 things to know
▼ + stars: | 2023-10-02 | by ( Katie Hunt | ) edition.cnn.com time to read: +5 min

Here are five things to know about Karikó and Weissman’s game-changing research and mRNA vaccines. What mRNA doesMessenger RNA, or mRNA, is a form of nucleic acid that tells cells what to do based on the information contained in DNA. Messenger RNA-based vaccine technology doesn’t rely on a modified version of a virus to produce an immune response. Potential beyond fighting Covid-19The advent of mRNA vaccine technology has led to safe and strong protection against Covid-19. And mRNA technology is also being checked out as a possible alternative to gene therapy for intractable conditions such as sickle cell disease.

Persons: Katalin Karikó, Drew Weissman, Peggy Peterson, Robin Shattock, ” Shattock, —, Karikó, Weissman, ”, Roberts, Thomas Perlmann, it’s Organizations: CNN, University of Pennsylvania, Penn Medicine, Imperial College London, Covid, Penn’s Perelman, of Medicine, Vaccine, Perelman School of Medicine, Nobel Assembly Locations: Hungary

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