The US was unable to deliver on the request for the ex-colonel, Vadim Krasikov, because he is serving out a life sentence for murder in Germany.
The US made several other offers to the Russians, sources said, to try to get them to agree to include Whelan in the swap.
The US also offered to trade Roman Seleznev, a convicted Russian cyber-criminal currently serving a 14-year sentence in the US, sources said.
But Bélot said he could see Vinnik being part of prisoner swap negotiations in the future.
“They [Vinnik and Whelan] make part of the possible ‘candidates’ for the next swap,” Bélot said in a text message to CNN.