The morning search by FBI agents appeared to represent an expansion of the probe into Biden's handling of classified documents.
The White House counsel's office did not have representatives present at the search, White House spokesperson Ian Sams told reporters.
Classified documents have also been found in the home of Trump's former vice president, Mike Pence, giving some political cover to Biden.
Trump resisted efforts to return materials in his possession, prompting a FBI search of his Florida home and resort last year.
It is unlawful to knowingly or willfully remove or retain classified material, although no current or former president or vice president has been charged with wrongdoing.