chartHeadline and core PCE annual inflation rates in December were 5.0% and 4.4%, respectively.
Under Chair Ben Bernanke in January 2012, the Fed formalized its annual inflation target: 2% PCE annual rate.
The Fed's inflation target for 25-30 years, therefore, has been core or headline PCE of 2%, informally or formally, unwritten or written, unofficially or officially.
But many rate-cutting episodes since 1990 came with PCE inflation above 2%, in some cases substantially higher.
- In September 2007 the Fed started easing policy to mitigate the U.S. housing crash and global credit crunch, with rates at 4.75%.