Mutual funds are preparing to issue 2023 capital gains distributions — and that could mean a tax surprise is lurking in your portfolio. Fund families are issuing estimated capital gains distributions, which they will make to their shareholders in December. The IRS deems these capital gains to be long term, meaning they're subject to rates of 0%, 15% or 20%, based on your taxable income and filing status. "Excluding 2022, we've had 10-plus years of strong stock market performance, and funds are sitting on embedded gains," said Welch. Portfolios that are actively managed can also generate big capital gains if there's a lot of turnover.

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