In the United States, automakers face major headwinds as they look to establish an all-new EV supply chain, catch Tesla, and win over skeptical buyers — all on top of an increasingly negative economic backdrop. The extent of China's role in the EV supply chain, including with lithium, is coming to light. "The epicenter of where minerals reside, where processing resides, where EV production resides, all are outside of the US," Douglas Kent, EVP of corporate and strategic alliances at the Association for Supply Chain Management, said. Tesla was long past the worst of its production snafus by the time other automakers got serious about EVs. By the time other automakers got serious about EVs, Tesla was long past its biggest manufacturing snafus and profitability challenges.

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