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☆ How antimatter engines could fly humans to other stars in just a few years
▼ + stars: | 2024-02-22 | by ( Adam Barnes | ) www.businessinsider.com time to read: +8 min

AdvertisementInterstellar travel is only something humanity has achieved in science fiction — like Star Trek's USS Enterprise, which used antimatter engines to travel across star systems. "Annihilation of antimatter and matter converts mass directly into energy," Weed, cofounder and CEO of Positron Dynamics, a company working to develop an antimatter propulsion system, told Business Insider. Space travel at record speedProxima's star system, shown here, could be reached in just five years with antimatter-powered technology. For example, let's take a trip to our nearest star system, Proxima, about 4.2 light years away. And since the '80s, there's been talk of thermal antimatter engines, which would use antimatter to heat liquid, gas, or plasma to provide thrust.

Persons: Elon Musk, Ryan Weed, Weed, Brice, Maximilien, Gerald Jackson, Forbes, It's, Jackson, he's, Eugen Sänger, there's, Paul M, Sutter, Steve Howe, Howe Organizations: Enterprise, Dynamics, Southern, NASA, CERN, Fermilab, Hbar Technologies, Space, Alpha Locations: Switzerland, Austrian

☆ Lise Meitner helped discover nuclear fission but never won a Nobel Prize for her brilliance despite 49 nominations
▼ + stars: | 2024-01-28 | by ( Adam Barnes | ) www.businessinsider.com time to read: +7 min

In 1944, Hahn won a Nobel prize for the discovery. It led to the atomic bomb , nuclear power, and a Nobel Prize in 1944 for German chemist Otto Hahn. ullstein bild Dtl./Getty ImagesMeitner was well respected by other physicists — Einstein called her "our Marie Curie" — comparing her to the trail-blazing, two-time Nobel Prize winner. Left to right: Otto Hahn, Dr. Hartmann, Lise Meitner, Werner Heisenberg, and Theodor Heuss. AdvertisementOverlooked for the Nobel PrizeHahn was awarded the 1944 Nobel Prize in chemistry for the discovery of nuclear fission.

Persons: Lise Meitner, Otto Hahn, Hahn, Meitner, —, Hahn's, Marissa Moss, Meitner's, Moss, — Einstein, Marie Curie, Nazi Germany Meitner, Hartmann, Werner Heisenberg, Theodor Heuss, Hitler, " Moss, Fritz Strassman, Amanda Macias, Strassman, wasn't, Otto Frisch, Frisch, Strassmann, Enrico Fermi Organizations: Service, Business, Kaiser Wilhelm Institute, Physics Locations: Berlin, Austria, Nazi Germany, Germany, Sweden, Ba

☆ How hydrogen bombs compare to atomic bombs, and how scientists created the most destructive weapon ever
▼ + stars: | 2023-09-24 | by ( Adam Barnes | ) www.businessinsider.com time to read: +11 min

Hydrogen bombs and atomic bombs are both nuclear weapons that can cause mass destruction. But just seven years later an even more destructive nuclear bomb was built — the hydrogen bomb. Whereas hydrogen bombs get their power from a combination of fission and its opposite — nuclear fusion — the binding of atoms. Hydrogen vs. atomic bombs: damage and destructionWhile atomic bomb blasts are measured in kilotons — 1 kt is equivalent to the explosive force of 1,000 tons of TNT — hydrogen bombs are often measured in megatons. AdvertisementAdvertisementBoth atomic and hydrogen bombs are nuclear weapons and therefore create long-lasting, dangerous nuclear fallout.

Persons: Otto Hahn, Fritz Strassman, Hahn, Lisa Meitner, Otto Frisch, Meitner, Frisch, Alex Wellerstein, Wellerstein, Little, Amanda Macias, Tsar, Soviet Union —, Bomba, it's Organizations: Service, Trinity, Stevens Institute of Technology, Little Boy, Lions, TNT, Little, Bravo, US, Hanford , Washington . Department of Locations: Wall, Silicon, United States, Japan, Austrian, Nagasaki, Hiroshima, megatons, Soviet Union, Soviet, Manhattan, Los Angeles, Hanford , Washington

☆ How hydrogen bombs work and why they were created after WWII despite being more powerful than atomic bombs
▼ + stars: | 2023-08-27 | by ( Adam Barnes | ) www.businessinsider.com time to read: +11 min

But just seven years after dropping the atomic bombs, the United States detonated an even more powerful nuclear weapon: the hydrogen bomb. A hydrogen bomb, also known as a thermonuclear bomb, can create explosive force hundreds or even thousands of times greater than an atomic bomb. That extra challenge is why it took scientists longer to build a hydrogen bomb than the atomic bomb. Some physicists, including Oppenheimer, who were concerned about the far greater destructive potential of hydrogen bombs compared to atomic bombs, opposed their development. Hydrogen bomb tests were incredibly powerfulOn November 1, 1952, the US detonated the first hydrogen bomb at Enewetak atoll in the Marshall Islands.

Persons: Edward Teller, Sun, there's, ALEXANDER NEMENOV, Robert Oppenheimer, Oppenheimer, Cillian Murphy, Melinda Sue Gordon, Enrico Fermi, Isidor Isaac Rabi, Harry S, Truman, Stanislaw Ulam, Teller, Mike, NurPhoto, Dragon Organizations: US, Service, TNT, University of Nevada, Getty, Tsar, Manhattan Project, Los, Universal, Alamos, Soviet Union, Atomic Energy, Bravo, Castle Bravo, Marshall Locations: Los Alamos, Wall, Silicon, Hiroshima, Nagasaki, United States, Las Vegas, Mt, Soviet, Soviet Union, Marshall, Castle, Bikini Atoll, Japan, Great Britain, Russia

☆ How atomic bombs work and why Manhattan Project scientists designed two types of bombs during WWII
▼ + stars: | 2023-08-09 | by ( Adam Barnes | ) www.businessinsider.com time to read: +7 min

Atomic bombs work via a process called nuclear fission that involves atom splitting. Albert Einstein didn't make the first atomic bombs, but his famous equation explains how they work. Scene from the film "Oppenheimer," where Cillian Murphy stands next to the first ever atomic bomb to detonate. The scientists designed and completed two different types of atomic bombs because they weren't sure which method would work. Since scientists working on the Manhattan Project weren't quite sure if the plutonium bomb's implosion method would work, they decided to test one before it was used in the war.

Persons: Albert Einstein didn't, Oppenheimer, Cillian Murphy, J, Robert Oppenheimer —, they'd, Albert Einstein, Oppenheimer —, Amanda Macias, Sun, Robert Oppenheimer Organizations: Service, University of Nevada, Trinity, TNT, National Security Research, Los, Manhattan, Hiroshima . Little, Los Alamos National Laboratory Nuclear, Nagasaki . Locations: Wall, Silicon, University of Nevada Las Vegas, New Mexico, Hiroshima, Germany, Los Alamos, United States, Manhattan, Oak Ridge , Tennessee, Los, Hanford , Washington, Nagasaki

☆ Jaden Smith says he took magic mushrooms as a young adult. Brain experts who study psychedelics warn that wasn't a good idea.
▼ + stars: | 2023-07-29 | by ( Adam Barnes | ) www.businessinsider.com time to read: +9 min

Jaden Smith said his mother, Jada Pinkett Smith, introduced him to magic mushrooms. Jaden Smith recently discussed his introduction to psychedelic mushrooms by his mother, Jada Pinkett Smith — who has credited mushrooms as helping her overcome crippling depression. (L-R) Jaden Smith, Jada Pinkett Smith, and Will Smith. Trey Smith, Willow Smith, Jaden Smith, Will Smith, and Jada Pinkett Smith at the premiere of Apple Original Films' "Emancipation" on November 30, 2022. There are too many unknowns and too much to lose with a developing brain," psychiatrist and neurobiologist Dr. David Feifel told Insider.

Persons: Jaden Smith, Jada Pinkett Smith, Jada Pinkett Smith —, Jaden, Smith, Dustin Hines, Rochelle Hines, Will Smith, Amy Sussman, WireImage, —, Trey Smith, Willow Smith, Hines, it's, psychedelics, Dr, David Feifel, Feifel, haven't Organizations: Service, psychedelics, University of Nevada Las, Hines, National Survey, FDA, Apple Locations: Wall, Silicon, Denver

☆ The world's top alien hunters explain why a Harvard physicist's discovery of 'alien' tech is likely a false alarm
▼ + stars: | 2023-07-22 | by ( Adam Barnes | ) www.businessinsider.com time to read: +6 min

Harvard physicist Avi Loeb announced the discovery of tiny "spherules" at the bottom of the Pacific. But three of the world's top experts on the search for aliens are skeptical the tech is from aliens. The fragments "could be a spacecraft from another civilization, or some technological gadget," Loeb told CBS News. This will constitute independent evidence for the interstellar origin of IM1 in addition to its measured speed," Loeb wrote. Loeb told Insider that, when ready, the team will publish their findings in a scientific paper that will be "shared openly and submitted for a peer-reviewed journal."

Persons: Avi Loeb, Loeb, Dan Werthimer, IM1, aren't, Douglas Vakoch, Vakoch, Monica Grady, Werthimier Organizations: Service, CBS, SETI Research, University of California, Messaging Extraterrestrial Intelligence, SETI, Center, Object, Sun, Space Command, NASA, DOD, The Open University, HMS Locations: Wall, Silicon, Berkeley, Papua New Guinea

☆ How surgeons in Ukraine are saving soldiers' lives with a simple tube grown from human cells
▼ + stars: | 2023-06-25 | by ( Adam Barnes | ) www.businessinsider.com time to read: +6 min

It's a small tube called the human acellular vessel (HAV) designed to treat traumatic vascular injuries mostly due to blasts and shrapnel. Why vascular injuries are so dangerousVascular injuries are a leading cause of preventable death in military combat and a leading cause of amputation. They're lab-grown from human vascular cells in about eight weeks and then sanitized to be ready as an off-the-shelf replacement blood vessel. HumacyteVascular surgeons often treat traumatic vascular injuries with grafts. Humacyte plans to file an application with the FDA later this year for HAVs to treat traumatic vascular injuries.

Persons: HAVs, —, Oleksandr Sokolov, Sokolov, Humacyte, Laura Niklason, they're, Niklason, Niklosan, Jeffrey Lawson Sokolov, HAVs aren't, Miechia, Esco, What's Organizations: Service, FDA's, International, Ukrainian Ministry of Health, Humacyte, Humactye, FDA, HAVs Locations: Ukraine, It's, Afghanistan, Russia

☆ A 16-year-old pocketed $50,000 for her award-winning discovery in the brains of people who died by suicide
▼ + stars: | 2023-06-18 | by ( Adam Barnes | ) www.businessinsider.com time to read: +8 min

She researches the brains of people who died by suicide to identify biomarkers. Identifying biomarkers of suicide in the human brainKulviwat found differences in the brains of 10 people who died by suicide compared to the control group: 10 people who died of other causes. The brains of those who died by suicide, which were donated for study by their next of kin, contained higher numbers of inflammatory cytokines. Though treatments for suicidal behavior exist, including psychotherapy and medications, suicide rates have mostly increased over the last 20 years. Hearing different perspectives and questioning why suicide research isn't progressing as much as other fields — like cancer or infectious diseases — inspired her research, she said.

Persons: Natasha Kulviwat, —, Gordon E, Moore, Natasha, it's, Kulviwat, she's, Dr, David Feifel, Feifel, What's, I'm Organizations: Regeneron, Science, Engineering, Service, Columbia University, Society for Science, Centers for Disease Control, University of California, Kadima Neuropsychiatry Institute —, National Institute of Health, American Foundation for Suicide Prevention Locations: claudin, University of California San Diego

☆ How to build a cheap DIY underground bunker to protect you from nuclear fallout, in 6 steps
▼ + stars: | 2023-06-03 | by ( Adam Barnes | ) www.businessinsider.com time to read: +10 min

In a pinch, this DIY fallout shelter would be better than an above-ground building, an expert said. Turns out, if a nuclear attack is imminent, you can build your own DIY fallout shelter for relatively cheap. Equipment you'll need for a DIY fallout shelterPhoto taken in 1961 of a 77-year-old man who built his own fallout shelter in his backyard. How to build a DIY fallout shelter for cheap in 6 stepsFirst, scout out a location for your fallout shelter. How this DIY fallout shelter would protect youSoil is a great shield from radioactive fallout.

Persons: —, Michael Ochs, Stringer, Cresson H, it's, Sun, bomba, Alex Wellerstein, MAXIM ZHURAVLEV Organizations: Service, Michael Ochs Archives, National Laboratory, Laboratory, Getty, University of Nevada, United States National Locations: Oak, Kearny, Nes, Las Vegas

☆ Most surprising facts about the radioactive particles that poison the air after a nuclear bomb detonates
▼ + stars: | 2023-05-22 | by ( Adam Barnes | ) www.businessinsider.com time to read: +1 min

Fallout can stay in the atmosphere for yearsExplosion of Nuclear Device "Seminole" on Enewetak Atoll in the Pacific Ocean on June 6, 1956. CORBIS/Corbis via Getty ImagesNuclear blasts create dangerous fallout — residual radioactive material that travels high into the air, cools into dust, and eventually settles back to the ground, poisoning it in the process. Most fallout from a nuclear blast takes anywhere from one day to a week to return to the ground, said Zaijing Sun, a nuclear physicist at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas. But some fallout gets kicked so high into the atmosphere, as much as 50 miles up, it can remain for several months to years before falling back to the surface, Sun added. Sun works as part of the Health, Environment, and Radiation Detection research group at UNLV that studies radioactive waste management, as well as applications of radiology and nuclear physics for medical uses.

☆ How scientists create the most explosive substance in the universe
▼ + stars: | 2023-05-15 | by ( Adam Barnes | ) www.businessinsider.com time to read: 1 min

Penning traps contain ultra-thin foils, about 1.5 micrometers thick, that further slow down and capture antiprotons sent from the ELENA ring. Before ELENA was installed in 2018 to help slow down antiprotons even more, CERN caught less than 1% of antiprotons it produced. Now, it captures up to 70%. Thin foil strips, shown in blue here, are placed at the end of a Penning trap to help slow and trap antimatter particles. CERNSources: CERN, Sameed Muhammed

☆ Inside the world's only high-energy collision antimatter factory where scientists create the most explosive substance in the universe to understand why we exist
▼ + stars: | 2023-05-05 | by ( Adam Barnes | ) www.businessinsider.com time to read: 1 min

If a nuclear attack were headed toward the US, residents would have fewer than 30 minutes to prepare. Russian Presidential Press Service/APA nuclear attack remains highly unlikely, but it's not out of the question, experts say. Redlener said the best way to learn of an impending nuclear attack would probably be TV or radio. Survivors of a nuclear attack would have about 15 minutes before sandlike radioactive particles, known as nuclear fallout, reached the ground. A sign for a nuclear fallout shelter on a residential block in Brooklyn.

☆ A nuclear physicist describes 7 things you probably didn't know about radioactive fallout from a nuclear bomb
▼ + stars: | 2023-03-23 | by ( Adam Barnes | ) www.businessinsider.com time to read: +1 min

☆ Scientists studied flamingo personalities and discovered the pink birds form cliques like high schoolers
▼ + stars: | 2023-03-02 | by ( Adam Barnes | ) www.businessinsider.com time to read: +6 min

More submissive birds hung out with each other whereas louder, outgoing birds had their own groups. Understanding flamingo social structure could help zoo keepers when moving birds between zoos. Why flamingos form cliquesFlamingos form long-lasting friendships that can last for years. How understanding Flamingos' social behavior could help zoosThe new research could help inform zoo keepers and keep flamingos happier. Zookeepers could help flamingos' social lives by keeping friends together.

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