The richest 0.1% of Americans own $1.8 trillion in real estate, according to the Federal Reserve. Currently, individuals and married couples can gift or bequeath $13.61 million and $27.22 million, respectively, before a 40% federal estate tax kicks in. Here are nine little-known techniques that wealthy real estate owners use to pay less to Uncle Sam:Qualified personal residence trusts, better known as "QPRTs," effectively freeze the value of a real estate property for tax purposes. With an FLP, an individual — often a parent or two parents — pools their business assets, commonly real estate or stocks. The heirs don't own the trust assets, but rather have lifetime rights to the trust's income and real estate.

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