Britain’s sluggish productivity – the amount of output per hour worked – deters investment and limits growth, in turn depressing wages.
After keeping pace with other developed countries for decades, UK productivity has grown by 0.3% a year since 2008.
That is a third of the 0.9% averaged by G7 members, and well below the 1.2% rate recorded by the United States, according to figures from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
In 2021, gross fixed capital formation, a measure of investment, accounted for 17% of UK GDP, compared to 24% in France and 21% in the United States, according to the World Bank.
Despite a long-standing scheme for research and development, UK businesses still only fund 55% of total R&D spending, below the 63% of the United States, according to a Cambridge University study.