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But a two-faced star? Janus is fairly massive for a white dwarf, with a mass 20% larger than that of our sun compressed into an object with a diameter half that of Earth. About 97% of all stars are destined to become white dwarfs when they die," Caiazzo said. Janus may represent a white dwarf in the midst of this transitional blending process, but with the puzzling development of one side being hydrogen while the other side is helium. Janus is not the only exotic white star known.
Persons: Janus, Ilaria Caiazzo, Caiazzo, Will Dunham, Daniel Wallis Organizations: Caltech, Thomson Locations: San Diego
Dark matter, invisible material whose presence is known mainly based on its gravitational effects at a galactic scale, would be a small but crucial ingredient in dark stars. Based on the Webb data, these objects could be either early galaxies or dark stars, Freese said. Conditions in the early universe may have been conducive to formation of dark stars, with high dark matter densities at the locations of star-forming clouds of hydrogen and helium. Freese and two colleagues first proposed the existence of dark stars in 2008, basing the name on the 1960s Grateful Dead song "Dark Star." And then you can learn about the properties of dark matter particles by studying a variety of dark stars of different masses."
Persons: James Webb, Webb, Katherine Freese, Freese, Cosmin Ilie, Will Dunham, Rosalba O'Brien Organizations: University of Texas, Austin, National Academy of Sciences, Colgate University, Thomson
The sun’s activity is peaking sooner than expected
  + stars: | 2023-07-14 | by ( Ashley Strickland | ) edition.cnn.com   time to read: +11 min
Every 11 years or so, the sun experiences periods of low and high solar activity, which is associated with the amount of sunspots on its surface. Over the course of a solar cycle, the sun will transition from a calm to an intense and active period. During the peak of activity, called solar maximum, the sun’s magnetic poles flip. A solar activity spikeThe current solar cycle, known as Solar Cycle 25, has been full of activity, more so than expected. The solar storms generated by the sun can affect electric power grids, GPS and aviation, and satellites in low-Earth orbit.
Persons: , Mark Miesch, , Alex Young, ” Miesch, Scott McIntosh, Robert Leamon, Leamon, Miesch, Young, auroras, Bill Murtagh, ” Murtagh, NASA’s Parker, “ We’ve Organizations: CNN, National Oceanic, Prediction, NASA's Solar Dynamics, NASA, SpaceX, Heliophysics, Goddard Space Flight, GPS, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Goddard Planetary Heliophysics, University of Maryland, College Park, American University, Dynamics, Geological Survey, Probe Locations: Boulder , Colorado, Greenbelt , Maryland, Baltimore County, New Mexico , Missouri, North Carolina, California, United States, England, United Kingdom, Alaska, Canada, Iceland, Norway, Scandinavia, Michigan, Upper Midwest, Pacific, Quebec
According to one professor, we can stop global warming if we used a new super white paint. The problem though, is we would need to cover at least 1% of the earth's surface with the paint. But just how big is 1-2% of the Earth's surface? For reference, the total land area of the United States is just over 3.5 million square miles, so we'd need to cover the country in white paint from sea to paint-stained sea. If we assume the new paint acts like commerical paint, as the Purdue researchers suggest, a gallon would cover about 400 square feet, we would need roughly 139 billion gallons of the super-duper white paint to cover just 1% of the Earth's surface.
Persons: Jeremy Munday, Davis, Munday Organizations: Service, Purdue University, University of California, New York Times, Purdue Locations: United States, Texas
The Rho Ophiuchi cloud complex, the closest star-forming region to Earth, is seen in a composite of separate exposures acquired by the James Webb Space Telescope using the NIRCam instrument released July 12, 2023. The Webb telescope, which was launched in 2021 and began collecting data last year, has reshaped the understanding of the early universe while taking stunning pictures of the cosmos. Rho Ophiuchi is only about a million years old, a blink of the eye in cosmic time. The Rho Ophiuchi images shows how Webb gives us a new window into the formation of stars and planets," Pontoppidan said. The orbiting observatory was designed to be far more sensitive than its Hubble Space Telescope predecessor.
Persons: James Webb, Klaus Pontoppidan, Alyssa Pagan, Handout, Webb, Pontoppidan, Hubble, Bill Nelson, Will Dunham, Rosalba O'Brien Organizations: NASA, ESA, CSA, REUTERS, Wednesday, James Webb Space Telescope, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Hubble, Telescope, Thomson Locations: REUTERS WASHINGTON
The awe the image inspires is comparable to how researchers feel about the Webb’s first year of science. She finds it fitting that the customary gift for one-year anniversaries is paper, because that’s exactly what researchers using the telescope have been churning out for the past year: scientific papers. When it was ready, the Webb embarked on its journey to peer into the depths of the universe. For Dr. Rigby, one of the most gratifying accomplishments of this past year is the way the mission has delivered on its promise to reveal the earliest moments of cosmic time. Before JWST, astronomers knew of only a small handful of candidate galaxies that existed in the first billion years after the Big Bang.
Persons: , Jane Rigby, Webb, Rigby, JWST Organizations: Goddard Space Flight
CNN —The James Webb Space Telescope has captured a stunning new image of the closest star-forming region to Earth, located 390 light-years away. The release of the image marks the first anniversary since the space observatory began observing the universe. “Webb’s image of Rho Ophiuchi allows us to witness a very brief period in the stellar lifecycle with new clarity. The most powerful telescope ever sent to space, Webb launched on December 25, 2021, and NASA shared its first set of scintillating images on July 12, 2022. Both have served as the targets of other telescopes like the Hubble Space Telescope in the past.
Persons: James Webb, another’s, , Klaus Pontoppidan, Webb, , Bill Nelson, “ Webb, Nicola Fox, Eric Smith, “ Webb’s, Jane Rigby, NASA’s, “ We’ve, we’ve, Organizations: CNN, Telescope, Telescope Science, NASA, Astrophysics Division, NASA Headquarters, Hubble, NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Locations: Baltimore , Maryland, Greenbelt , Maryland
This is just the beginning for NASA's most powerful telescope. Stephan's Quintet is shown here taken by the James Webb Space Telescope. NASA, ESA, CSA, STScIThis post has been updated. It was originally published December 25, 2022.
Persons: James Webb Organizations: James Webb Space Telescope, NASA, ESA, CSA
The most distant supermassive black hole seen yet appears as three bright spots clumped together. Webb shows details of the supermassive black hole's size and structureAn artist's conception of the James Webb Space Telescope. NASA GSFC/CIL/Adriana Manrique GutierrezNot only is this mysterious beast the earliest supermassive black hole ever observed, it's also the most distant active supermassive black hole on record. For comparison, a 9 million solar mass black hole is closer to the size of the supermassive black hole at the center of our own galaxy, the Milky Way. The first image of Sagittarius A*, the supermassive black hole at the center of our galaxy.
Persons: , James Webb, NASA's Webb, Webb, Leah Hustak, Steven Finkelstein, NASA GSFC, Adriana Manrique Gutierrez, it's, Dale Kocevski Organizations: Service, NASA, ESA, CSA, James Webb Space Telescope, Colby College, Bang
CNN —Scientists have peered into the early days of the universe, when it was about 1 billion years old, and discovered that things moved in slow motion compared with now. Unlocking what happened during the early days of the universe can help scientists tackle the biggest mysteries about its origin, how it evolved and what the future holds. “This expansion of space means that our observations of the early universe should appear to be much slower than time flows today. While very bright, supernovas become much harder to observe at greater distances from Earth, which means that astronomers needed another source that would be visible deeper in the early universe. “What we have done is unravel this firework display, showing that quasars, too, can be used as standard markers of time for the early universe.”
Persons: Albert Einstein’s, , Geraint Lewis, Einstein, ” Lewis, Brendon Brewer Organizations: CNN —, University of Sydney’s School of Physics, Sydney Institute for Astronomy, University of Auckland
Scientists made that point anew on Monday in a study that used observations of a ferocious class of black holes called quasars to demonstrate "time dilation" in the early universe, showing how time then passed only about a fifth as quickly as it does today. The observations stretch back to about 12.3 billion years ago, when the universe was roughly a tenth its present age. Quasars - among the brightest objects in the universe - were used as a "clock" in the study to measure time in the deep past. Quasars are tremendously active supermassive black holes millions to billions of times more massive than our sun, usually residing at centers of galaxies. The explosion of individual stars cannot be seen beyond a certain distance away, limiting their use in studying the early universe.
Persons: Albert Einstein, Dr, Geraint Lewis, Lewis, today's, Will Dunham, Rosalba O'Brien Organizations: University of Sydney, Thomson Locations: Australia
A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket, with the European Space Agency Euclid space telescope, lifts off from pad 40 at the Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in Cape Canaveral, Fla., Saturday, July 1, 2023. The Euclid mission is designed to explore the evolution of the dark universe. A European space telescope blasted off Saturday on a quest to explore the mysterious and invisible realm known as the dark universe. SpaceX launched the European Space Agency's Euclid observatory toward its ultimate destination 1 million miles (1.5 million kilometers) away, the Webb Space Telescope's neighborhood. "It's more than a space telescope, Euclid.
Persons: Webb, Josef Aschbacher, Carole Mundell, Euclid, It's, Rene Laureijs, Europe's, Giuseppe Racca Organizations: SpaceX, European Space Agency, Cape Canaveral Space Force, Space, NASA Locations: Cape Canaveral, Fla, Germany, Florida, Guiana, South America, Ukraine
The mission focuses on two foundational components of the dark universe. One is dark matter, the invisible but theoretically influential cosmic scaffolding thought to give shape and texture to the cosmos. Scientists estimate dark energy and dark matter together make up 95% of the cosmos, while ordinary matter that we can see accounts for just 5%. EUROPEAN-LED MISSION[1/2]An artist's concept shows the Euclid space telescope, built by the European Space Agency (ESA) that is set to be launched by a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket, in operation, in this undated handout image. "Measuring the shapes and positions of galaxies allows us to infer the properties of dark matter and dark energy," Rhodes said on Friday.
Persons: Euclid, Elon Musk, James Webb, Jason Rhodes, Rhodes, Yannick Mellier, Steve Gorman, William Mallard Organizations: SpaceX, European Space Agency, ESA, Cape Canaveral Space Force, Space Agency, REUTERS, NASA, Euclid, Russian Soyuz, Elon, James Webb Space, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Euclid Consortium, Institut d'Astrophysique de, Thomson Locations: Florida, Cape, U.S, Canada, Japan, Russian, California, Ukraine, Los Angeles, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris
At 11:12 a.m. on Saturday, the Euclid spacecraft launched into space on its mission to chart the history of our universe as far back as 10 billion years ago. Researchers plan to use Euclid’s map to explore how dark matter and dark energy — mysterious stuff that makes up 95 percent of our universe — have influenced what we see when we look out across space and time. “Euclid is coming at a really interesting time in the history of cosmology,” said Jason Rhodes, a physicist at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory who leads Euclid’s U.S. science team. “We are entering a time when Euclid is going to be great at answering questions that are just now emerging. And I am certain that Euclid is going to be fantastic for answering questions we haven’t even thought of.”
Persons: Euclid, , Jason Rhodes Organizations: Euclid, European Space Agency, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Euclid’s Locations: Euclid’s U.S
Editor’s Note: A version of this story appeared in CNN’s Wonder Theory science newsletter. CNN —The universe is filled with infinite mysteries, and scientists are tackling them, one celestial puzzle at a time. Across the universeAn artist's illustration depicts the Milky Way seen through a neutrino lens, which is shown in blue. National Science FoundationThere is no shortage of scintillating imagery of the Milky Way galaxy — but we’ve never seen it from this perspective. Astronomers used a detector sunk deep into the thick ice of Antarctica to trace “ghost particles” that created a new portrait of the Milky Way.
Persons: James Webb, we’ve, you’ve, exoplanet, Halla, Adam Makarenko, Ashley Strickland, Katie Hunt Organizations: CNN, Virgin Galactic’s, James Webb Space, European Space Agency, . National Science, Schmidt Ocean Institute, Beatles, , Keck, , CNN Space, Science Locations: Antarctica, Costa Rica, Strait, Gibraltar, Spain
The European Space Agency’s Euclid space telescope launched at 11:12 a.m. The Euclid space telescope is seen right before its installation in the nose of the SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket on Tuesday. Investigating cosmic mysteriesEuclid’s primary goal is to observe the “dark side” of the universe, including dark matter and dark energy. While dark matter has never actually been detected, it is believed to make up 85% of the total matter in the universe. Both dark matter and dark energy also play a role in the distribution and movement of objects, such as galaxies and stars, across the cosmos.
Persons: NASA’s James Webb, Georges Lemaître, Edwin Hubble, Euclid, Nancy Grace Roman, , Jason Rhodes, Rhodes, Roman, Yun Wang Organizations: CNN, SpaceX, Cape Canaveral Space Force, NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope, ESA, NASA, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Euclid, California Institute of Technology Locations: Alexandria, United States, Canada, Japan, Pasadena , California
Those ripples are probably the distant thunder of countless collisions between supermassive black holes, throughout space and time. He predicted that the intense gravity of extremely massive objects, like black holes, warps the fabric of space-time. The NSF funded the 15-year experiment, which is called the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav). Supermassive black holes are thought to exist at the center of every galaxy. Her lab runs computer models of merging supermassive black holes to predict how they behave and what signals they send out into space.
Persons: , Albert Einstein's, Aurore, Sean Jones, Manuela Campanelli, NASA's James Webb, Noll, Kip Thorne, NASA Goddard Thorne, NANOGrav, LIGO, Stephen Taylor, Lorenzo Ennoggi Organizations: Service, Sciences, National Science Foundation, NSF, American Nanohertz, Rochester Institute of Technology, NASA's James Webb Space, Hubble, Telescope, NASA, ESA, Hubble Heritage Locations: Louisiana, Washington, Europe, India, Australia, China
CNN —For the first time, astronomers have assembled a glowing portrait of the Milky Way galaxy using cosmic “ghost particles” detected by a telescope embedded in Antarctica’s ice. Over the years, astronomers have showcased stunning images of the Milky Way through electromagnetic radiation from visible light or radio waves. These tiny, high-energy cosmic particles are often referred to as ghostly because they are extremely vaporous and can pass through any kind of matter without changing. The IceCube detector is seen under a starry night sky, with the Milky Way appearing over low auroras in the background. Cosmic rays are mostly made up of protons or atomic nuclei that have been stripped from atoms, according to NASA.
Persons: , ’ ”, Naoko Kurahashi Neilson, Amundsen, Scott, Kurahashi Neilson, Yuya Makino, Steve Sclafani, Mirco, IceCube, , Chad Finley, ” Sclafani, Victor Hess, ” Kurahashi Neilson Organizations: CNN, Drexel University, National Science, Pole, NSF, Germany’s TU Dortmund University, Stockholm University, NASA Locations: Antarctica, Germany’s
On Wednesday evening, an international consortium of research collaborations revealed compelling evidence for the existence of a low-pitch hum of gravitational waves reverberating across the universe. “I like to think of it as a choir, or an orchestra,” said Xavier Siemens, a physicist at Oregon State University who is part of the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves, or NANOGrav, collaboration, which led the effort. Scientists said that, so far, the results were consistent with Albert Einstein’s theory of general relativity, which describes how matter and energy warp space-time to create what we call gravity. “The gravitational-wave background was always going to be the loudest, most obvious thing to find,” said Chiara Mingarelli, an astrophysicist at Yale University and a member of NANOGrav. “This is really just the beginning of a whole new way to observe the universe.”
Persons: , Xavier Siemens, Siemens, NANOGrav, Albert Einstein’s, Chiara Mingarelli Organizations: Oregon State University, American Nanohertz, Big Bang, Yale University
CNN —Astronomers have detected a crucial carbon molecule in space for the first time using the James Webb Space Telescope. Methyl cation is considered a key component that helps form more complex carbon-based molecules. The space observatory detected methyl cation in a protoplanetary disk, called d203-506, swirling around a young red dwarf star. ESA/Webb/NASA/CSAWhile methyl cation doesn’t react efficiently with hydrogen, the most abundant molecule in the universe, it reacts well with a wide range of other molecules. But methyl cation wasn’t detected in space until now.
Persons: James Webb, Webb, , Marie, Aline Martin, Olivier Berné Organizations: CNN —, James Webb Space Telescope, Orion, NASA, ESA, Webb, Orion Nebula, University of Paris, Saclay’s, Molecular Sciences, Orsay, French National Centre for Scientific Research Locations: France, Toulouse
Ocean exploration: The benefits and risks
  + stars: | 2023-06-24 | by ( Ashley Strickland | ) edition.cnn.com   time to read: +6 min
Ocean secretsA bioluminescent jellyfish is shown in an image taken during exploration of the Marianas Trench Marine National Monument. NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration/APThe deep ocean is an alien landscape that scientists have only just begun to understand. So much remains to be explored because reaching the bottom of the ocean is an incredibly difficult task. But the ocean depths have much to offer, including lifesaving compounds and the secrets of how life on Earth evolved. The event is nearly 10 months away, but people are already anticipating the total solar eclipse that will pass over Mexico, the US and Canada on April 8, 2024.
Persons: Miles, hasn’t, Jiang Feibo, NASA’s Parker, Ashley Strickland, Katie Hunt Organizations: CNN, Marianas Trench, NOAA, of Ocean Exploration, University of Cambridge, China News Service, CNN Space, Science Locations: Africa, Mexico, Canada, England, Trumpington, Germany, Rome, Lhasa, Tibet, Bermuda, France
I journal for my own sanity and use a similar practice of the “Morning Pages” from “The Artist’s Way.” I write ideas, thoughts, images, things I want to develop. For every character I play, I create a notebook with back stories, inner monologues, abstract ideas, and add to it over time. 3Poetry From MemoryIf I’m not on a job, I like to keep my brain sharp by memorizing a speech, a poem or a passage that I connect with. 6Nonfiction“Man’s Search for Meaning,” Bruce Lee’s “Striking Thoughts,” “Hardcore Zen,” “The Road Less Traveled.” “Easy Riders, Raging Bulls” is what I’m reading now. 7Traveling in JapanKyoto is one of my favorite places — exploring temples, disconnecting from technology, going off the beaten path.
Persons: , Rudyard, , Tom Radcliffe, ” Bruce Lee’s Organizations: , Riders, Raging Bulls Locations: Japan Kyoto
Astronomers found two renegades, runaway white dwarf stars on an escape route out of our galaxy. These runaway stars are on a one-way ticket out of our galaxy. Runaway stars racing away at breakneck speedsIn the new study, astronomers using data from the European Space Agency's Gaia survey identified two runaway stars with the fastest radial velocities ever seen. Two white dwarf stars orbiting each other can trigger an especially enormous explosion called a D^6 supernova. The first explosion kicks off when one of the white dwarf stars accumulates too much helium gas, which triggers a thermonuclear explosion, reported Starr.
Persons: , Parker, Juan Ruiz Paramo, Tod Strohmayer, Dana Berry, Chandra X, Michelle Starr, Starr Organizations: renegades, Service, Probe, Parker, NASA, Ray, Science, Astrophysics
Lionel Messi is already impacting US soccer
  + stars: | 2023-06-14 | by ( Matias Grez | ) edition.cnn.com   time to read: +7 min
CNN —Lionel Messi’s move to Inter Miami is yet to be finalized, but already his impact on Major League Soccer is being felt. “For those people who want to be able to say: ‘I was there at Lionel Messi’s first MLS game,’ demand will exceed supply. Before Messi, Pelé was arguably the most famous face to play soccer in the US. Inter Miami fans have had very little to cheer this season, sitting bottom of the Eastern Conference. CNN has reached out to Major League Soccer, Inter Miami, Messi’s representative, Apple and David Beckham, who is part of Inter Miami’s ownership team, to confirm the financial details.
Persons: Lionel Messi’s, David Beckham, Zlatan Ibrahimovic, Wayne Rooney, Messi, Jim Curtin, , Messi’s, Kieran Maguire, The Price, ” Maguire, He’s, Cruz Azul, , TickPick, StubHub, Pelé, George Tiedemann, Lionel Messi, Beckham, Maguire, , we’ve, Michael Reaves, Eddy, “ He’s, it’s Messi Organizations: CNN, Inter Miami, Major League Soccer, Philadelphia Union, ” Inter Miami, Football, University of Liverpool Management School, CNN Sport, Premier League, Arsenal, MLS, Inter Miami’s Leagues, Cruz, New York Red Bulls, Big Apple, Inter, Los Angeles FC, Eastern Conference, NFL, MLB, NHL, New York Cosmos, North American Soccer League, Argentine, Los Angeles Galaxy, NBA, , Miami, Apple TV’s, Apple, Leagues Cup Locations: Manchester City, Los, Miami, United States, USA, Canada, Mexico, States, Saudi, Saudi Arabia
It’s hard to escape the glare from big cities and metro areas to see all the wonder that the skies have to offer, but several national parks are looking to serve as better windows into the cosmos. Light pollution obscures the views of the stars and planets, making it more challenging for people to marvel at them in the dark skies. To celebrate such cosmic views, several national parks are organizing stargazing festivals or “star parties” that can help visitors enjoy the pristine glittering skies this summer and fall. Several national parks have been designated so-called dark-sky sites, which means they have exceptionally high-quality night conditions to see the stars without the glare from nearby cities. Ann Congdon, president of Sky’s the Limit Observatory & Nature Center, which helps organize the Night Sky Festival at the Joshua Tree National Park in California, said: “It’s critical to make people aware that the dark night sky is a precious natural resource that can’t be taken for granted.”
Persons: Ann Congdon, Joshua, , Organizations: Sky Association, Nature Center Locations: Tucson, Ariz, California
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