The Dutch Title Transfer Facility (TTF) is Europe's main benchmark for natural gas prices. In addition, intraday European gas prices even went negative at the start of the week — meaning that holders of natural gas paid buyers to take the cargo off their hands. Nikoline Bromander, analyst at consultancy Rystad Energy, said high output from wind power and political agreement within the EU on cooperative measures to reduce gas prices and consumption have contributed to lowering gas prices. Before Russia's invasion of Ukraine, the EU was obtaining about 40% of all its natural gas from Moscow. Several experts have warned that Europe's high storage levels were to a large extent achieved with Russian gas.

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