Food prices soared 18.2% through the year to February, the sharpest rise since the late 1970s.
The latest figures could make it more likely that the Bank of England hikes interest rates again when it meets Thursday.
"It's still a very close call, but these figures give us a bit more confidence in our forecast that the Bank will raise interest rates from 4% to 4.25% tomorrow."
The data complicates the central bank's decision over whether it should raise rates for the 11th consecutive time Thursday — and makes it harder for the government to deliver on its January pledge to halve inflation this year.
Wages rose 6.5% in January compared with a year prior, far below the inflation rate both that month and in February.