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☆ Factbox: Where are strategic materials germanium and gallium produced?
▼ + stars: | 2023-07-04 | by ( ) www.reuters.com time to read: +2 min

Germanium ores are rare and most germanium is produced as a by-product of zinc production and from coal fly ash. China produces around 60% of the world's germanium, according to the European association Critical Raw Materials Alliance (CRMA), with the rest coming from Canada, Finland, Russia and the United States. Gallium is found in trace amounts in zinc ores and in bauxite, and gallium metal is produced when processing bauxite to make aluminium. Around 80% is produced in China, according to the CRMA. Gallium is used to make gallium arsenide for use in electronics.

Persons: Eikon, Dominique Patton, Mai, Tom Hogue Organizations: Alliance, Shanghai Metal Exchange, Thomson Locations: BEIJING, China, Canada, Finland, Russia, United States, Europe, Japan, U.S, Mai Nguyen, Beijing

☆ US firm AXT applying for permits after China restricts chipmaking exports
▼ + stars: | 2023-07-04 | by ( ) www.reuters.com time to read: +2 min

California-headquartered AXT, which has manufacturing facilities in China, said its Chinese subsidiary Tongmei would immediately proceed to apply for the permits. China's commerce ministry said on Monday it would control exports of eight gallium products and six germanium products from Aug. 1 to protect its national security and interests. Gallium is used in gallium nitride and gallium arsenide compound semiconductors for products ranging from power electronics to 5G base stations. In 2022, top importers of China's gallium products were Japan, Germany and the Netherlands, news website Caixin said, citing customs data. Top importers of germanium products are Japan, France, Germany and the United States.

Persons: Morris Young, AXT, Jefferies, Caixin, Brenda Goh, Tom Hogue Organizations: AXT Inc, U.S ., Micron, ., Thomson Locations: SHANGHAI, China, Beijing, . California, United States, Washington, U.S, Netherlands, Japan, Germany, France

☆ China to restrict exports of chipmaking materials as US mulls new curbs
▼ + stars: | 2023-07-04 | by ( Reuters Staff | ) www.reuters.com time to read: +2 min

FILE PHOTO: Flags of China and U.S. are displayed on a printed circuit board with semiconductor chips, in this illustration picture taken February 17, 2023. The controls, which China said were aimed at protecting national security and interests, will require exporters to seek permission to ship some gallium and germanium products. China’s controls, to take effect from August 1, will apply to eight gallium-related products: gallium antimonide, gallium arsenide, gallium metal, gallium nitride, gallium oxide, gallium phosphide, gallium selenide and indium gallium arsenide. They will also apply to six germanium products: germanium dioxide, germanium epitaxial growth substrate, germanium ingot, germanium metal, germanium tetrachloride and zinc germanium phosphide. Anyone exporting these products without permission and those who export in excess of the permitted volumes will be punished, it said.

Persons: Florence Lo Organizations: REUTERS Locations: China, U.S, BEIJING, Beijing, United States, Washington, Netherlands

☆ What are Gallium and Germanium? China curbs exports of metals critical to chips and other tech
▼ + stars: | 2023-07-04 | by ( Arjun Kharpal | ) www.cnbc.com time to read: +2 min

Germanium and gallium are the two metals in the spotlight. China's commerce ministry on Monday said that new regulations will require exporters of gallium and germanium to get a license to ship the metals. What are germanium and gallium used for? Gallium is used for manufacturing the gallium arsenide chemical compound, which can make radio frequency chips for mobile phones and satellite communication, for example. China produces 60% of the world's germanium and 80% of gallium, according to the Critical Raw Materials Alliance, an industry body.

Organizations: U.S, Micron, Alliance, CRM Alliance Locations: China, Europe, U.S, Beijing, Japan

☆ What are gallium and germanium, and why is China restricting their exports?
▼ + stars: | 2023-07-04 | by ( Arjun Kharpal | ) www.cnbc.com time to read: 1 min

Share Share Article via Facebook Share Article via Twitter Share Article via LinkedIn Share Article via EmailWhat are gallium and germanium, and why is China restricting their exports? Companies looking to export gallium and germanium from China now require a license to do so, under new rules introduced by Beijing. These metals are key to technologies like semiconductors. But how big of a deal are China's new restrictions? CNBC's Arjun Kharpal reports.

Persons: Arjun Kharpal Organizations: Companies Locations: China, Beijing

☆ China just played a trump card in the chip war. Are more export curbs coming?
▼ + stars: | 2023-07-04 | by ( Laura He | ) edition.cnn.com time to read: +6 min

Beijing hit back Monday by playing a trump card: It imposed export controls on two strategic raw materials, gallium and germanium, that are critical to the global chipmaking industry. Last October, the Biden administration unveiled a set of export controls banning Chinese companies from buying advanced chips and chip-making equipment without a license. Beyond China, Australian rare earths producers also advanced, as investors expected Beijing might extend export curbs to that group of strategically important minerals. “If this action doesn’t change the US-China dynamics, more rare earth export controls should be expected,” Jefferies analysts said. China cut its rare earths export quota in 2010 amid tensions with the United States.

Persons: ”, Biden, China’s, Janet Yellen, Jefferies, ” Jefferies, CNN’s Hanna Ziady, Xiaofei Xu Organizations: Hong Kong CNN, Jefferies, Micron Technology, Micron, China, Geological Survey, Eurasia Group, Group, United, Analysts Locations: Hong Kong, China, United States, Beijing, Washington, Netherlands, Japan, Australian, States, United Kingdom, Germany, Belgium

☆ China slaps export curbs on chipmaking metals in tech war with the U.S, Europe
▼ + stars: | 2023-07-04 | by ( Clement Tan | ) www.cnbc.com time to read: +1 min

China is restricting the exports of gallium and germanium, two metals key to the manufacturing of semiconductors, its commerce ministry said in a statement late on July 3, escalating a technological trade war over access to microchips with Europe and the United States. China is restricting the exports of two metals key to the manufacturing of semiconductors, its commerce ministry said late Monday, escalating a technological trade war with Europe and the United States over access to microchips. These new regulations — imposed on grounds of national security — will require exporters to seek a license to ship some gallium and germanium compounds starting Aug. 1, China's commerce ministry said. Applications for these export licenses must identify importers and end users and stipulate how these metals will be used. Both are outperforming the 0.1% gain for the CSI 300 index of China's largest A-share listings.

Organizations: CSI Locations: China, Europe, United States, Yunnan, Shenzhen

☆ EU concerned over China export controls on metals used in chips
▼ + stars: | 2023-07-04 | by ( ) www.reuters.com time to read: +1 min

BRUSSELS, July 4 (Reuters) - The European Commission expressed concern on Tuesday over China's planned curbs on exports of strategic metals widely used in the semiconductor industry and doubt that the move was related to security. China said the control on exports of gallium and germanium products from Aug. 1 was aimed at protecting national security. "The Commission is concerned that these export restrictions are unrelated to the need to protect global peace and also stability and the implementation of China's non-proliferation obligations arising from international treaties," a Commission spokesperson told a daily briefing. The EU executive, which is assessing the potential impact on global supply chains and European industry, said it called on China to limit export restrictions to "clear security considerations" in line with World Trade Organization rules. The metals are used in semiconductors, electric vehicles and high-tech industries.

Persons: Philip Blenkinsop, Charlotte Van Campenhout, Estelle Shirbon, Mark Potter Organizations: European Commission, EU, World Trade Organization, Thomson Locations: BRUSSELS, China

☆ US set to restrict China's access to cloud computing - WSJ
▼ + stars: | 2023-07-04 | by ( ) www.reuters.com time to read: +1 min

July 4 (Reuters) - The Biden administration is preparing to restrict Chinese companies' access to U.S. cloud-computing services, the Wall Street Journal reported on Tuesday, citing people familiar with the situation. The Commerce Department, Microsoft and Amazon did not immediately respond to a request for comment outside business hours. China said on Monday it would control exports of some metals widely used in the semiconductor industry, its latest response in an escalating dispute with the U.S. over access to high-tech microchips. The controls on metals, which China said were aimed at protecting national security and its interests, will require exporters to seek permission to ship some gallium and germanium products. Reporting by Jahnavi Nidumolu in Bengaluru; Editing by Kim Coghill, Robert BirselOur Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.

Persons: Biden, Jahnavi, Kim Coghill, Robert Birsel Organizations: Wall Street, Microsoft, U.S . Department of Commerce, The Commerce Department, Amazon, U.S, Thomson Locations: China, Bengaluru

☆ Dutch foreign ministry: EU will respond to new Chinese export rules
▼ + stars: | 2023-07-04 | by ( ) www.reuters.com time to read: +1 min

AMSTERDAM, July 4 (Reuters) - The European Union must respond to new rules introduced by China requiring a license to export two metals widely used in semiconductor manufacturing, the Dutch government said on Tuesday. The Netherlands on Friday introduced new rules requiring a license to export chipmaking equipment made by ASML (ASML.AS), the Netherlands' largest company. "To what extent this will have consequences for the European and Dutch economy will depend on how China carries it out," the Dutch Foreign Ministry said in a statement. "Given the authority that the European Union has in trade policy, it's primarily up to the EU to address China about these measures." The Dutch foreign minister will "keep in close contact with the European Commission and other EU member states about this," the statement said.

Persons: it's, Toby Sterling, Richard Chang Organizations: European, U.S, Dutch Foreign Ministry, European Union, EU, European Commission, Thomson Locations: AMSTERDAM, China, Netherlands, Hague, Beijing

☆ German industry urges reduced dependency after China export controls
▼ + stars: | 2023-07-04 | by ( ) www.reuters.com time to read: +2 min

The Chinese export restrictions "illustrate the urgency for Europe and Germany to quickly reduce their dependency on critical raw materials now," said Wolfgang Niedermark, a member of the BDI German industrial association. In a position paper, the group said that Germany's and Europe's dependency on mineral raw materials such as rare earths from China was "already greater than that of oil and natural gas from Russia". Another German industry group, Bitkom, called for steps to massively increase Germany and Europe's digital sovereignty . Last week, European Union member states adopted the Critical Raw Materials Act, a centrepiece of the EU strategy to ensure industry can compete with the United States and China. The BDI's Niedermark said that agreement to recycle and process raw materials sent an important signal but called for a similar push to establish domestic mining in Europe.

Persons: Wolfgang Niedermark, Bernhard Rohleder, Niedermark, Rachel More, Hakan Ersen, Madeline Chambers, Miranda Murray, Emelia Organizations: Union, Thomson Locations: BERLIN, Europe, China, Germany, Russia, Berlin, Ukraine, Beijing, United States

☆ CNBC Daily Open: Tesla booms in a quiet market
▼ + stars: | 2023-07-04 | by ( Yeo Boon Ping | ) www.cnbc.com time to read: +2 min

This report is from today's CNBC Daily Open, our new, international markets newsletter. CNBC Daily Open brings investors up to speed on everything they need to know, no matter where they are. Asia-Pacific markets traded mixed Tuesday. [PRO] Weight loss, stock gainA new class of weight loss drugs will be hitting the U.S. soon. With more than two-thirds of adults in the U.S. having obesity, that's a potentially large market for pharmaceutical companies.

Organizations: CNBC, U.S, country's Ministry of Commerce Locations: Asia, Pacific, China, U.S

☆ What people are saying about China's chipmaking export controls
▼ + stars: | 2023-07-04 | by ( ) www.reuters.com time to read: +2 min

July 4 (Reuters) - China will control exports of some metals used in the semiconductor industry, ramping up a technology war with the United States and potentially causing more disruption to global supply chains. PETER ARKELL, CHAIRMAN OF GLOBAL MINING ASSOCIATION OF CHINA:"It hardly comes as a surprise that China would respond to the American-led campaign to restrict China's access to microchips. With roughly 90% of global production of these minor metals, China has hit the American trade restrictions where it hurts. It is a fantasy to suggest that another country can replace China in the short or even medium term." "Offer prices in the domestic market and the export market have increased to 10,000 yuan ($1,380) per kg and over $1,500 per kg, respectively."

Persons: KAZUMA KISHIKAWA, I've, PETER ARKELL, STEWART RANDALL, Kentaro Sugiyama, Amy Lv, Brenda Goh, Anne Marie Roantree, Tom Hogue Organizations: DAIWA, OF, OF CHINA, WHO, BE, Thomson Locations: China, United States, Japan, U.S, Netherlands, SHANGHAI, CHINA, Europe, Tokyo, Beijing, Shanghai

☆ China Restricts Exports of Two Metals Used in High-Performance Chips
▼ + stars: | 2023-07-03 | by ( Sha Hua | ) www.wsj.com time to read: 1 min

Neodymium is critical to making the wheels of a Tesla spin or creating sound in Apple’s AirPods, and China dominates the mining and processing of this rare-earth element. So the U.S. and its allies are building their own supply chain. Photo illustration: Clément Bürge/WSJSINGAPORE—China said it is restricting exports of products and materials containing gallium and germanium, metals that are vital in semiconductors, 5G base stations and solar panels, a move that industry executives see as retaliation for restrictions by the U.S. and others on sales of high-end chips and chip-making equipment to China.

Persons: Clément Organizations: U.S Locations: AirPods, China, U.S, SINGAPORE

Gallium and germanium will be subject to export controls starting August 1 “to protect national security and interests,” China’s Ministry of Commerce said in a statement Monday. Gallium and germanium are used in a variety of products, including computer chips and solar panels. Beijing’s move comes just days after the Dutch government announced new restrictions on exports of some semiconductor equipment, drawing an angry response from Beijing, according to Reuters. The new rules mean that ASML (ASML), Europe’s largest tech firm, will need to apply for export licenses for products used to make microchips. Critics of the decision “could ask the US government why it holds the world’s largest germanium mines but seldom exploits them.

Persons: Janet Yellen, Yellen, — Olesya Dmitracova Organizations: Paris CNN — Beijing, China’s Ministry of Commerce, . Geological Survey, Reuters, China, US, Communist Party, Treasury Locations: Paris, United States, Europe, China, Beijing, Japan, Italy, Washington, Netherlands

☆ A Bill Gates-based photovoltaic technology that may be solar energy's future
▼ + stars: | 2023-05-20 | by ( Tim Hornyak | ) www.cnbc.com time to read: +5 min

Solar panels accounted for nearly 5% of U.S. energy production last year, up almost 11-fold from 10 years ago and enough to power about 25 million households. Backers of perovskite-based solar cells say they can outperform silicon in at least two ways and accelerate efforts in the race to fight climate change. Perovskite cells are very thin — less than 1 micrometer — and can be painted or sprayed on surfaces, making them relatively cheap to produce. Backing next-generation climate technologyCompanies around the world are starting to commercialize perovskite panels. CubicPV, based in Massachusetts and Texas, has been developing tandem modules since 2019, and its backers include Bill Gates' Breakthrough Energy Ventures.

☆ Traditional charging products are out; gallium nitride is in. Here are GaN product recommendations for a more organized and faster charging experience.
▼ + stars: | 2023-03-17 | by ( Sponsor Post | Created Topgreener With Insider Studios | ) www.businessinsider.com time to read: +5 min

One of the latest innovations in the charging industry is utilizing gallium nitride (GaN) to support power delivery technology. Using gallium nitride (GaN) to support Power Delivery technology is the future of charging devices. Since GaN charging devices conduct less heat, this allows chargers to be built with more compact casing. Here's what we recommend for a more organized and faster charging experience:The Topgreener GaN Technology Combination USB Outlet is state-of-the-art. With high-performance GaN Power Delivery technology, devices such as a MacBook Pro can charge to 50% in just 30 minutes.

☆ Chip firm Navitas, worth $1 billion, is competing with industry leaders to replace silicon chips with more environmentally-friendly gallium-nitride ones.
▼ + stars: | 2022-10-25 | by ( Aaron Mok | ) www.businessinsider.com time to read: +7 min

After spending decades working with silicon chips, Sheridan started Navitas to capitalize on an emerging technology he says has a multibillion-dollar market potential. Today, most of Navitas' GaN chips can be found in phone and laptop chargers made by companies like Samsung, LG, Lenovo, and Dell. Sheridan said integrated circuits gave Navitas chips a competitive edge over GaN chips produced by competitors like Infineon, Texas Instruments, and Nvidia. GaN chips are far from replacing silicon chipsWhile GaN chips have promise, silicon chips are dominant. It says it has also invested in research and development to design GaN chips for bigger systems.

☆ The CEO of chip firm Navitas details its master plan to take on giants like Intel and AMD with a more environmentally-friendly chip that could be more powerful than silicon
▼ + stars: | 2022-08-19 | by ( Aaron Mok | ) www.businessinsider.com time to read: +7 min

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