As antigovernment protests swept across Iran last month, its top leaders made a secret appeal to two of the Islamic Republic’s founding families, the moderate Rafsanjani and Khomeini clans that hard-liners had pushed out of power, said people familiar with the talks.
Iran’s national-security chief, Ali Shamkhani , asked representatives of the families to speak out publicly to calm the unrest.
If that happened, he said, liberalizing measures sought by demonstrators could follow, the people said.