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☆ Analysis: A year on, Europe less fearful of U.S. green subsidies push
▼ + stars: | 2023-08-17 | by ( Jan Strupczewski | Thomson Reuters | Jan Is The Acting Bureau Chief In Brussels. He Has Been Covering European Union Policy | ) www.reuters.com time to read: +6 min

Solar panels are seen atop a hops plantation in the Bavarian Holledau region in Au, Germany, June 19, 2023. And already, those subsidies are flowing: German conglomerate Thyssenkrupp (TKAG.DE) will invest around 3 billion euros ($3.27 billion) in a proposed green steel plant in Duisburg, Germany, including over 2 billion euros in state subsidies given EU approval in late July. But it noted the U.S. model also had uncertainty built in because a change of administration could end IRA subsidies. The complexity of EU financing through the recovery fund means it is available only to bigger companies, leaving smaller firms struggling to benefit. ($1 = 0.9184 euros)Reporting by Jan Strupczewski; editing by Mark John and Susan FentonOur Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.

Persons: Louisa, Joe Biden's, Biden, Niclas Poitiers, Jan Strupczewski, Mark John, Susan Fenton Organizations: REUTERS, United States, Union, Biden, EU, Zero Industry, European Commission, Sovereignty Fund, Ukraine, Russian, EV, Zero, Thomson Locations: Bavarian, Au, Germany, EU, BRUSSELS, United, Europe, Ukraine, Brussels, United States, Duisburg, U.S, France, China

☆ European markets climb on strong earnings ahead of key U.S. inflation print
▼ + stars: | 2023-08-10 | by ( Elliot Smith | ) www.cnbc.com time to read: +1 min

LONDON — European markets were higher on Thursday as investors digested a fresh round of corporate earnings and looked ahead to a key U.S. inflation print that could provide hints about the Federal Reserve 's next monetary policy move. The pan-European Stoxx 600 index rose by 0.6% in early trade, with insurance adding 1.7% to lead gains while mining stocks fell 0.4% as the only sector in the red. The European blue chip index closed Wednesday's session up 0.4%, with oil and gas stocks adding 2.3% to lead gains as most sectors finished the day in positive territory. Stateside, stock futures were higher in early premarket trade after another negative session on Wall Street. Back in Europe, corporate earnings continue to roll in and influence individual share price action.

Persons: Dow Jones, Hong Organizations: Federal, Siemens, Zurich Insurance, Thyssenkrupp, Deutsche Telekom, HelloFresh Locations: U.S, London, Asia, Pacific, Europe

☆ Europe’s listless IPOs are red flag for big floats
▼ + stars: | 2023-07-31 | by ( Pamela Barbaglia | ) www.reuters.com time to read: +4 min

And so far, the performance of the floats that have got away has been relatively poor. It’s a major red flag for larger IPO candidates, like CVC Capital Partners or EQT’s (EQTAB.ST) Galderma. Only 65 companies decided to brave choppy stock markets in Europe, raising $6.6 billion in overall proceeds, according to Dealogic data. Italian betting group Lottomatica (LTMC.MI) and German web-hosting company IONOS (IOSn.DE) priced at the bottom of their initial ranges. Dealogic data shows that IPOs in the region raised a total of $6.6 billion between the start of 2023 and July 20.

Persons: Breakingviews, Thyssenkrupp, Nucera, Hidroelectrica, Liam Proud, Oliver Taslic Organizations: Reuters, Capital Partners, underwriters, Bankers, Swiss, Reuters Graphics Reuters, Thomson Locations: Europe, Romanian, Saudi, Swedish

FRANKFURT/LONDON, July 26 (Reuters) - German industry is finding new ways to transport cargoes from coal to chemicals as increasingly frequent low water levels on the Rhine disrupt Europe's largest economy. At Kaub , the critical chokepoint for Rhine barges, water levels fell to their lowest this year earlier this week. ARTERY OF THE ECONOMYThe impact of low water levels is not limited to big business. But logistics firms are benefiting from rising demand for vessels adapted to lower river levels. "We expect, due to climate change, that the extremes on the river Rhine will happen more often," said Maickel Uijtewaal, general manager at Stolt-Nielsen (SNI.OL).

Persons: Uwe Arndt, Barbara Hoyer, majeure, Roberto Spranzi, Maickel Uijtewaal, Steffen Bauer, Christoph Steitz, Vera Eckert, Ludwig Burger, Patricia Weiss, Rene Wagner, Nette, Tom Kaeckenhoff, Matthias Inverardi, Vincent Flasseur, Barbara Lewis Organizations: Federal Waterways, Shipping Agency, Reuters Graphics, Cologne, BASF, Reuters Graphics Reuters, Kiel Institute, Deutsche Bank, Reuters, Stolt, Nielsen, HGK Shipping, Daniels, Midland Co, Chemicals, Thomson Locations: FRANKFURT, LONDON, Kaub, Europe, Reuters Graphics Germany, Ludwigshafen, HGK, Frankfurt, Berlin, Duesseldorf, London

☆ SSAB profit hit flags EU steel's parlous state
▼ + stars: | 2023-07-21 | by ( ) www.reuters.com time to read: +2 min

LONDON, July 21 (Reuters Breakingviews) - SSAB (SSABa.ST) has kicked off European steelmakers' quarterly earnings season with a profit drama. Poor demand in Europe, declining steel prices and severe rises in energy and production costs are to blame. With steel consumption expected to decrease further in the second half of the year, investors sent SSAB stock down more than 15%. Without a deal, trade tariffs, which have been temporarily frozen, would return in December along with retaliatory measures from the EU. For SSAB, whose heavy plate business in North America was relatively stable during the second quarter, that would take things from bad to worse.

Persons: SSAB, steelmakers, Valdis Dombrovskis, Pamela Barbaglia, whir, George Hay, Streisand Neto Organizations: Reuters, SSAB, European Central Bank, Union, Twitter, Thomson Locations: Europe, U.S, North America

☆ Thyssenkrupp Nucera shares up in Frankfurt debut
▼ + stars: | 2023-07-07 | by ( ) www.reuters.com time to read: +1 min

FRANKFURT/LONDON, July 7 (Reuters) - Shares in hydrogen firm Thyssenkrupp Nucera (NCH2.DE) traded at 20.20 euros ($21.97) in their market debut in Frankfurt on Friday, in an encouraging sign for Europe's capital markets. The opening price was higher than the 20 euros per share paid by investors in the initial public offering (IPO), which valued the company at around 2.5 billion euros. Nucera is a joint venture between Germany's Thyssenkrupp (TKAG.DE) and Italy's De Nora (DNR.MI). "The IPO is the start of an exciting new phase in our company's history," Nucera CEO Werner Ponikwar said during an opening ceremony at the Frankfurt Stock Exchange, adding that the firm will "accelerate the adoption of green hydrogen". ($1 = 0.9193 euros)Reporting by Christoph Steitz in Frankfurt and Pablo Mayo Cerqueiro in London; Editing by Miranda MurrayOur Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.

Persons: Thyssenkrupp, Germany's, Italy's De Nora, DNR.MI, Werner Ponikwar, Christoph Steitz, Pablo Mayo, Miranda Murray Organizations: Frankfurt Stock Exchange, Pablo Mayo Cerqueiro, Thomson Locations: FRANKFURT, LONDON, Frankfurt, London

☆ Thyssenkrupp Nucera CEO: IPO will help us to be seen in the market
▼ + stars: | 2023-07-07 | by ( ) www.cnbc.com time to read: 1 min

Share Share Article via Facebook Share Article via Twitter Share Article via LinkedIn Share Article via EmailThyssenkrupp Nucera CEO: IPO will help us to be seen in the marketThyssenkrupp Nucera CEO Werner Ponikwar speaks to CNBC's Annette Weisbach. The clean energy firm made its Frankfurt debut on Friday.

Persons: Werner Ponikwar, CNBC's Annette Weisbach Organizations: Frankfurt

☆ Romania's Hidroelectrica tops $10 billion valuation in 'historic' IPO
▼ + stars: | 2023-07-05 | by ( ) www.reuters.com time to read: +2 min

BUCHAREST, July 5 (Reuters) - Romanian energy producer Hidroelectrica's IPO has been priced at 104 lei ($22.87) per share, it said on Wednesday, implying a market capitalisation of $10.3 billion in what a government minister described as a "historic success." "We are happy to see the strong investor interest which has driven a successful outcome," said Chief Executive Bogdan Badea. The stock will start trading on July 12 on the Bucharest bourse. The government will retain its 80% holding in the country's largest energy producer, which has power capacity of 6.3 gigawatts from 182 hydroelectric plants. The performance of the shares once they start trading will be watched closely.

Persons: Bogdan Badea, Fondul Proprietatea, Franklin Templeton, Sebastian Burduja, Austria's Verbund, Luiza Ilie, Pablo Mayo, Alexandra Schwarz, David Goodman Organizations: Bucharest bourse, U.S, EU, Bucharest Stock Exchange, Romanian Energy, CAB Payments, Bankers, Vienna Stock Exchange, Pablo Mayo Cerqueiro, Thomson Locations: BUCHAREST, Romanian, Bucharest, London

NEW YORK/LONDON, June 30 (Reuters) - A lackluster IPO market is showing signs of life as a flurry of deals in the United States and Europe raise hopes that a recovery may be in sight. With investors now predicting an end to the Federal Reserve's rate hikes later this year, optimism has resumed. This allowed thrift shop chain Savers Value Village (SVV.N) to raise $401 million in its New York IPO this week, more than it originally set out to. Investors continued to snap up its shares, with the stock closing up 27% on its first day of trading. EUROPE IPOS ON THE WAYIn Europe, three IPOs are on track to be completed by early July, but two of them have already had to moderate their valuation expectations.

Persons: Aloke Gupte, Tom Swerling, Paul Abrahimzadeh, Hidroelectrica, Fondul, WE Soda, Ferretti, Coty, Andrew Briscoe, David DiPietro, Rowe Price, Echo Wang, Pablo Mayo, Elisa Martinuzzi, Mark Potter Organizations: Investors, JPMorgan Chase &, CAB, Kodiak Gas Services, Fidelis Insurance Holdings, Barclays, North America, Citigroup, U.S, Heineken, General, GE Healthcare Technologies, Bank of, Pablo Mayo Cerquiero, Thomson Locations: United States, Europe, Ukraine, New York, London, Africa, Asia, Kodiak, Fidelis, Cava, EUROPE, Romanian, Hong Kong, Milan, East

☆ Thyssenkrupp hydrogen IPO calls for leap of faith
▼ + stars: | 2023-06-22 | by ( Pamela Barbaglia | ) www.reuters.com time to read: +5 min

Once known as the Swiss army knife of climate change for its myriad potential applications in heating, heavy industry and vehicles, green hydrogen has fallen to earth. High fossil fuel prices have also made green hydrogen more affordable relative to other types made from gas. Yet green hydrogen is mostly confined to large-scale industrial usages like steel and ammonia manufacturing. López Borrego will do well to get his IPO away at 3 billion euros without a tangible discount. Switching an average European steel site to green hydrogen could cost 7 billion euros, according to a Hydrogen Europe report.

Persons: Miguel Ángel López Borrego, Thyssenkrupp, DNR.MI, Nucera, López Borrego, Nora, George Hay, Streisand Neto Organizations: Reuters, Nucera, Industrie, Energy, ITM, Mingyang Smart Energy, Reuters Graphics Reuters, Thyssenkrupp, European, Council, Thomson Locations: Frankfurt, Dortmund, U.S, Swiss, Saudi

☆ Factbox: Graphite producers doing deals with automakers and battery groups
▼ + stars: | 2023-06-21 | by ( ) www.reuters.com time to read: +4 min

Tomas Bergman/Handout via REUTERSLONDON, June 21 (Reuters) - Automakers are rushing to lock in graphite supply from outside dominant producer China as mined graphite demand for electric vehicle (EV) batteries outpaces other uses. Below are details of some Western companies producing, or planning to produce graphite, and their deals with auto makers and battery producers. It aims to start annual production at a battery anode plant in Mauritius in 2024 at 3,600 metric tons. SYRAH RESOURCES LTD (SYR.AX)Operates Balama mine in Mozambique, which doubled graphite production to 163,000 metric tons in 2022 from the year before. MAGNIS ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES LTD (MNS.AX)Developing Nachu graphite mine in Tanzania, aiming to produce 236,000 metric tons of graphite concentrate.

Persons: Tomas Bergman, Handout, steelmaker Thyssenkrupp, Talga, Magnis, Tesla, China's, Eric Onstad, Sharon Singleton Organizations: Talga Group, Reuters, REUTERS LONDON, INC, TALGA, Automotive Cells Company, ACC, Stellantis, Mercedes, Benz, Renault, LG Energy, Ford Motor Company, SK, MONDE, Panasonic Energy, Thomson Locations: Norrbotten, Sweden, China, Madagascar, Mauritius, Lulea, Mozambique, U.S ., Louisiana, Tanzania, United States, New York, South Australia, Macquarie, Canada, India, Alabama, Coosa

It comes as hydrogen technology is getting a boost from favourable legislation in the United States and Europe, which are both seeking to strengthen the technology to help carbon dioxide-heavy industries, including steel and chemicals, to decarbonise. "A potential IPO would enlarge the financial flexibility of Thyssenkrupp Nucera and raise its profile as a leading supplier of technology for the production of green hydrogen," he said. The listing, which is run by Citi (C.N) and Deutsche Bank (DBKGn.DE), will primarily consist of new shares, Thyssenkrupp Nucera said. First-half sales were up 74% at 306 million euros, while the group's earnings before interest and tax rose 87% to 13.3 million euros. "With our electrolysis technology we want to shape a new era of the energy transition," said Werner Ponikwar, chief executive of Thyssenkrupp Nucera.

Persons: Nora, Italy's De Nora, DNR.MI, Miguel Lopez, Thyssenkrupp, Thyssenkrupp Nucera, De Nora, Nora's, Norway's Nel, Werner Ponikwar, Christoph Steitz, Tom Kaeckenhoff, Francesca Landini, Miranda Murray, Clarence Fernandez, Sharon Singleton Organizations: Reuters, Citi, Deutsche Bank, Thyssenkrupp, Britain's ITM, Energy, U.S ., Thomson Locations: FRANKFURT, DUESSELDORF, Ukraine, United States, Europe, U.S

☆ Thyssenkrupp Nucera to supply electrolysis plant in Sweden
▼ + stars: | 2023-05-22 | by ( ) www.reuters.com time to read: +2 min

STOCKHOLM, May 22 (Reuters) - IPO candidate Thyssenkrupp Nucera (TKAG.DE) will supply more than 30 of its flagship electrolysers, which provide the technology needed to produce carbon-neutral steel via green hydrogen, to Swedish fossil-free steel startup H2 Green Steel. The deal highlights growing demand for hydrogen technology as a way to decarbonise CO2-heavy industrial production techniques, a field where Europe wants to compete globally with subsidy-rich regions, notably the United States. Sources told Reuters last month that Thyssenkrupp Nucera, a 66-34 joint venture between Germany's Thyssenkrupp (TKAG.DE) and Italy's De Nora (DNR.MI), was targeting a stock market listing in June at a valuation of up to 5 billion euros ($5.5 billion). A H2 Green Steel spokesperson said the agreement was worth several billion Swedish crowns, declining to comment further. Green hydrogen is created through renewables-powered electrolysis, whereby water is split into hydrogen and oxygen.

The letter did not disclose either how much Berlin had proposed in state help, or by how much this had been reduced. The conflict lays bare how much industrial heavyweights depend on aid to decarbonise their businesses as well as the need for governments to approve subsidies quickly to avoid companies from shifting investments or stopping them altogether. Thyssenkrupp in August made the investment decision for the so-called direct reduction iron (DRI) site at its steel base in Duisburg, provided substantial subsidy commitments by the state of North Rhine-Westphalia and Berlin were fulfilled. Tekin Nasikkol, who heads the works council of Thyssenkrupp Steel Europe, told Reuters last week that Berlin needed to quickly approve hundreds of millions in subsidies for the site, adding workers' patience had run out. ($1 = 0.9084 euros)Reporting by Tom Kaeckenhoff; Additional reporting by Christoph Steitz and Christian Kraemer; Editing by Friederike HeineOur Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.

☆ Subsidy cuts could derail Thyssenkrupp's green steel project -labour bosses
▼ + stars: | 2023-05-17 | by ( ) www.reuters.com time to read: +1 min

DUESSELDORF, May 17 (Reuters) - Thyssenkrupp's <TKAG.DE> labour bosses cranked up the pressure on Berlin to help fund a 2 billion euro ($2.2 billion) green steel production site, warning in a letter to Economy Minister Robert Habeck that a further cut could choke off the project. Reducing subsidies further would trigger a "massive discussion" within Thyssenkrupp's supervisory board over whether to pull the plug on the investment, the letter, dated May 17 and co-signed by the group's deputy chairman Juergen Kerner, said. Thyssenkrupp in August made the investment decision for the so-called direct reduction iron (DRI) site at its steel base in Duisburg, provided substantial subsidy commitments by the state of North Rhine-Westphalia and Berlin are being paid. Thyssenkrupp <TKAG.DE> and the economy ministry had no immediate comment. ($1 = 0.9084 euros)Reporting by Tom Kaeckenhoff; Additional reporting by Christoph Steitz and Christian Kraemer; Editing by Friederike HeineOur Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.

☆ Sanction hit tars BAT’s US listing hopes
▼ + stars: | 2023-04-26 | by ( ) www.reuters.com time to read: +2 min

LONDON, April 26 (Reuters Breakingviews) - British American Tobacco (BATS.L) could have trouble getting more American love. The $635 million settlement plus interest may be less of a financial spoil for the $82 billion giant. Still, investors including Rajiv Jain’s GQG Partners, had hoped BAT could move its listing to the United States to close a yawning valuation gap. The reputational stain from its fine, however, raises the risk that if it were to move stateside, U.S. investors may still apply a discount. They do not reflect the views of Reuters News, which, under the Trust Principles, is committed to integrity, independence, and freedom from bias.

☆ Credit Suisse’s corpse drags on Nomura
▼ + stars: | 2023-04-26 | by ( ) www.reuters.com time to read: +2 min

Like peers, it is feeling the pain of the Silicon Valley Bank crisis and Credit Suisse’s (CSGN.S) collapse. And Nomura (8604.T), as with Goldman Sachs (GS.N), is ill-positioned to benefit from rising lending rates as much as commercial banks are; both investment-banking firms posted a 5% decline in net revenue in the most recent quarter. Wholesale revenue, dragged down by a 20% decline in investment banking, contracted for the quarter but remained up 10% for the year. Retail and investment management contracted compared to the prior quarter; that could be more than just seasonal if the global economy stays rickety. They do not reflect the views of Reuters News, which, under the Trust Principles, is committed to integrity, independence, and freedom from bias.

☆ Reckitt CEO switch may boost odds of a takeover
▼ + stars: | 2023-04-26 | by ( ) www.reuters.com time to read: +2 min

LONDON, April 26 (Reuters Breakingviews) - Reckitt Benckiser’s (RKT.L) decision to appoint an insider as CEO may help to entice prospective buyers, like U.S. giant Procter & Gamble (PG.N). Reckitt has been a perennial takeover target, as previous bosses struggled to deliver consistently strong revenue growth. It is still paying down a hefty debt pile following an ill-advised $17 billion takeover of baby food maker Mead Johnson in 2017. Net revenue grew by nearly 8% year-on-year in the first quarter – after excluding acquisitions, disposals and currency fluctuations. Reckitt’s shares trade at 17 times forecast 2023 earnings, compared with P&G’s multiple of nearly 25 times.

☆ News anchor carnage is a post-Trump reality
▼ + stars: | 2023-04-25 | by ( ) www.reuters.com time to read: +2 min

Rupert Murdoch’s Fox (FOXA.O) announced the abrupt departure of star host Tucker Carlson, while Don Lemon, an anchor at rival CNN, said he had been fired. After the easy news cycle served up by former President Donald Trump’s administration, the networks are going through an identity crisis. Network chief Chris Licht is trying to reposition the organization toward straight-down-the-middle journalism, but is struggling to get the lineup to click. Even MSNBC is trying to recapture the magic after leading host Rachel Maddow left her five-day-a-week spot last year. They do not reflect the views of Reuters News, which, under the Trust Principles, is committed to integrity, independence, and freedom from bias.

☆ Bob Iger’s stalling may be stifling
▼ + stars: | 2023-04-24 | by ( ) www.reuters.com time to read: +2 min

The $180 billion company run by Bob Iger is kicking off its second round of layoffs, according to Reuters, part of an effort to cut $5.5 billion in costs. That’s a solid effort to keep activist Nelson Peltz, who had griped about Disney’s margins, at bay for now. The tricky part is ensuring assets don’t lose even more value before Iger heads out the door. Iger said he would leave the company and is meant to be setting up a successor. The balance act is ensuring Iger doesn’t degrade value, leaving a mess for his successor, whenever that person comes along.

☆ Martina Merz seeking to step down as Thyssenkrupp CEO, shares tank
▼ + stars: | 2023-04-24 | by ( ) www.reuters.com time to read: +1 min

April 24 (Reuters) - Thyssenkrupp (TKAG.DE) Chief Executive Martina Merz, who launched the conglomerate's largest structural overhaul, is seeking to step down, the German industrial group said on Monday, without providing a reason for the move. Shares in the submarines-to-car parts firm plunged after the announcement and were down 9.2% at 1250 GMT. This is challenging, but necessary," Thyssenkrupp Chairman Siegfried Russwurm said. "Martina Merz has taken over a very difficult task at a challenging time and since then has initiated a fundamental change process at Thyssenkrupp with great commitment and expertise," Russwurm said. Reporting by Tristan Veyet in Gdansk, Editing by Friederike HeineOur Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.

☆ Thyssenkrupp gives investors wrong kind of breakup
▼ + stars: | 2023-04-24 | by ( ) www.reuters.com time to read: +2 min

LONDON, April 24 (Reuters Breakingviews) - An abrupt CEO departure adds yet more problems for Thyssenkrupp’s (TKAG.DE) long-suffering investors. Merz was drafted in after her predecessor Guido Kerkhoff himself left after just 14 months, amid an aborted steel spinoff. Progress on a listing of Thyssenkrupp’s hydrogen business or a steel spinoff has been slow, despite a plan to hive off weaker units. Thyssenkrupp says it will continue its transformation, and appointed a former Siemens (SIEGn.DE) executive, Miguel Ángel López Borrego, to replace Merz. Yet investors still smarting from a minus 37% total return under its last bold CEO now seem to be expecting more of the same.

FRANKFURT, April 5 (Reuters) - Thyssenkrupp (TKAG.DE) may pick June to list its hydrogen business Nucera, provided equity markets are robust, three people familiar with the matter said, in what could be a multi-billion euro initial public offering. Plans to list Nucera, a 66%-34% joint venture between Thyssenkrupp and Italy's De Nora (DNR.MI), were put on the backburner last year due to unfavourable market conditions following the war in Ukraine and subsequent energy crisis. Nucera makes the electrolysers that are needed to produce green hydrogen - a sector that is currently benefiting from the U.S. Inflation Reduction Act and European Union initiatives to support the green energy transition. Thyssenkrupp Chief Executive Martina Merz, under pressure to deliver on her pledge to turn the sprawling conglomerate into a leaner and more focused holding, said last month that the group would make a new effort to list Nucera, without elaborating. When plans for a listing of the business were first communicated in 2021, analysts valued Nucera at between 3 billion and 6 billion euros.

☆ Exclusive: Hydrogen firm Thyssenkrupp Nucera says IRA spurring U.S. interest
▼ + stars: | 2023-03-09 | by ( Christoph Steitz | ) www.reuters.com time to read: +5 min

Thyssenkrupp Nucera held talks about several potential green hydrogen projects "with very concrete timelines" during a trip to the United States last week, Chief Executive Werner Ponikwar said in an interview. Green hydrogen, produced using renewable energy, is seen as key to decarbonising industry and so meeting climate targets. "We are gaining a new growth market," Ponikwar said. Ponikwar expects the U.S. hydrogen market to grow to a mid double-digit gigawatt (GW) amount by the end of the decade, from just a few hundred megawatts currently. While the IRA supports hydrogen production, it does not require makers of hydrogen equipment to produce locally, unlike other renewable technologies where that's a condition to qualify for credits.

NEW DELHI/BERLIN, Feb 24 (Reuters) - Germany will pursue a $5.2 billion deal with India to jointly build six conventional submarines in the country during Chancellor Olaf Scholz’s Feb. 25-26 visit, two Indian and two German sources said. Under the deal, a foreign submarine manufacturer will have to partner with an Indian company to build the submarines in India. The Indian foreign and defence ministries did not respond to requests for comment. An Indian diplomatic source told Reuters that India has asked Germany for an assurance for joint manufacturing for the submarines, not just supply-side support. Another official from the Indian foreign ministry said that “Scholz was determined to reinvigorate trade and defence ties with India”.

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