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But another is that our universe is a computer simulation, with someone (perhaps an advanced alien species) fine-tuning the conditions. In a virtual reality, this limit would correspond to the speed limit of the processor, or the processing power limit. Similarly, virtual reality needs an observer or programmer for things to happen. AdvertisementIt is reasonable to assume that a simulated universe would contain a lot of information bits everywhere around us. Argonne National LaboratoryI have predicted the exact range of expected frequencies of the resulting photons based on information physics.
Persons: It's, Melvin M, Melvin, , John A, Paice, John Archibald Wheeler, Nick Bostrom, Seth Lloyd, Elon Musk, Albert Einstein's, Stringer, , John Barrow Organizations: Service, Physicists, Oxford University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, US, Paramount, Space, Laboratory, University of Portsmouth, Creative Locations: Argonne
Scientists found that the black hole at the center of our galaxy is spinning so fast its dragging space-time along. AdvertisementA team of scientists has discovered that the black hole at the center of the Milky Way galaxy is spinning so fast that it's squishing space-time. Advertisement"But if you have a rapidly rotating black hole, the space-time around it is not symmetric," Daly said, according to CNN. "The spinning black hole is dragging all of the space-time around with it … it squishes down the space-time, and it sort of looks like a football." That may sound alarming, but don't worry; the black hole is way too far away to affect us here on Earth.
Persons: , Chandra, Ruth Daly, We're, Daly Organizations: Service, Royal Astronomical Society, NASA, CNN
The researchers confirmed that the black hole is spinning, which causes what is known as the Lense-Thirring effect. “But if you have a rapidly rotating black hole, the space-time around it is not symmetric — the spinning black hole is dragging all of the space-time around with it … it squishes down the space-time, and it sort of looks like a football,” she said. Black holes and galactic historyKnowing the mass and the spin of a black hole helps astronomers understand how the black hole might have formed and evolved, Daly said. However, a black hole that was made with accretion of surrounding gas would see a high spin value. “The question of whether our central galactic black hole rotates or not, or how fast it rotates, is quite important,” Stojkovic said in an email.
Persons: NASA’s Chandra, Ruth Daly, Daly, ” Daly, “ We’re, , , Dejan Stojkovic, ” Stojkovic Organizations: CNN, Royal Astronomical Society, Penn State University, University, Buffalo
It’s been a wonderful year at the movies for cinephiles, but what do you get for the film lover who has seen everything already? There are inspiration boards, script pages with handwritten annotations, correspondence with collaborators, as well as personal introductions to each film. They even have a section where you can choose films based on running time: Only have 90 minutes or less? Another special feature looks at the development of black and white 65mm film stock they pioneered for the film. Because this license plate has serious movie cred.’” It’s easily google-able, but we won’t spoil it here.
Persons: It’s, Barbie, Sofia Coppola, “ Sofia Coppola, Coppola, “ Priscilla, , she’s, Kirsten Dunst, Bill Murray, Tomasz Ruminski, Leszek Żebrowski ’, Andrzej Krajewski ’, thoughtfully, Parker Posey, Ozu, Ousmane Sembène, “ Hitchcock, Christopher Nolan’s “ Oppenheimer ”, Nolan, Kai Bird, Kip Thorne, Matt Singer, Roger Ebert, Gene Siskel, Siskel, Ebert, Singer, , Samuel L, Jackson, Cillian Murphy, Jason Momoa, Steven Soderbergh, it’s, Joanna Bush, Soderbergh, ” It’s Organizations: Sundance Film, Criterion, , Teamsters, NICE Locations: , Park City , Utah, Chicago
AdvertisementAdvertisementThe James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has spotted the most distant example of a galaxy in the universe that looks similar to the Milky Way. The galaxy, named ceers-2112, is more than 11.7 billion years old and is the earliest example of a barred spiral galaxy ever seen. For them, there is little doubt: this picture suggests this is a barred spiral galaxy. Scientists had thought you couldn't find a barred spiral galaxy before the universe was about 6.9 billion years old. The other 95% — about 27% of dark matter and 68% of dark energy — remain huge mysteries in physics.
Persons: James Webb, , JWST, Guo, Alexander de la Vega, Yetli Rosas Guevara, El País, la Vega, Luca Costantin, Space.com, Costantin, Jairo Abreu, Abreu Organizations: Service, James Webb Space, University of California, Spanish Donostia, Physics Center, Centro, Astrobiología, University of La Locations: Riverside, Madrid, University of La Laguna
A space rock with a peculiar orbit may be a floating piece of the moon. Scientists had thought moon rocks weren't able to stay in orbit after a meteorite blast. AdvertisementAdvertisementA chunk of the moon that may have broken away from the lunar surface millions of years ago appears to be orbiting our planet. NASAThe finding could change where we think potentially dangerous space rocks come fromScientists are constantly monitoring the skies for potentially dangerous space rocks — but they are very aware of their limitations. Space rocks like these also provide rare snapshots into the past of our solar system.
Persons: , Paul Chodas, Jose Daniel Castro, Cisneros, Castro Cisneros Organizations: Service, University of Arizona, NASA, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, JPL, Caltech
‘Rivals’ Review: An Experiment in Amiability
  + stars: | 2023-10-18 | by ( David A. Shaywitz | ) www.wsj.com   time to read: +1 min
The physicists Niels Bohr and Albert Einstein disagreed strongly on various points yet remained close friends. He hoped to deduce all observable phenomena—the paths of planets, the beating of the heart—from a few foundational laws or principles. After years of effort, and despite triumphs such as the invention of analytic geometry, he conceded defeat. But he had little interest in engaging with other researchers or relying on the assistance of volunteers (who would distract him with “useless conversation”). Descartes, explains the historian of science Lorraine Daston, “was probably the last major thinker to believe that science could be conducted in splendid solitude.”
Persons: Niels Bohr, Albert Einstein, René Descartes, Descartes, Lorraine Daston, , Organizations: Getty
And for scientists, preserved footprints can lead to unexpected journeys into the past that rewrite history. National Park ServiceWhen the discovery of 61 fossilized human footprints found in New Mexico’s White Sands National Park was first announced in 2021, the ancient find changed the timeline of early humans living in the Americas. That’s why the footprints represent such a crucial missing chapter in human history. Across the universePlanetlike objects were spotted in a new image of the Orion Nebula taken by the James Webb Space Telescope. NASA/ESA/CSAAstronomers used the James Webb Space Telescope to peer inside the glowing Orion Nebula and found something completely unexpected: pairs of planetlike objects.
Persons: we’ve, Trailblazers, Katalin Karikó, Drew Weissman’s, James Webb, , Samuel G, Pearson, Webb, Edward Marshall, Christopher Columbus, , Ashley Strickland, Katie Hunt Organizations: CNN, Park Service, Sands, James Webb Space Telescope, NASA, ESA, CSA, Telescope, European Space Agency, Comedy, CNN Space, Science Locations: New, Americas, North America, China, Redonda, Flora Redonda, Caribbean, Indonesia
"One sees in this paradox the germ of the special relativity theory is already contained," Einstein wrote in his "Autobiographical Notes." This is a cornerstone of Einstein's special theory of relativity. One of Einstein's thought experiments had to do with quantum entanglement, which he called "spooky action at a distance." AdvertisementAdvertisementMany scientists have spent decades researching Einstein's thought experiments. But Einstein thought particles behaved more like real coins.
Persons: Albert Einstein, , Stringer, Einstein, simultaneity, Ernst Haas, Niels Bohr Organizations: Service, Central Press, Getty
CNN —The 2023 Nobel Prize in physics has been awarded to a team of scientists who created a ground-breaking technique using lasers to understand the extremely rapid movements of electrons, which were previously thought impossible to follow. “An attosecond is to one second as one second is to the age of the universe,” the committee explained. Pierre Agostini, Ferenc Krausz and Anne L'Huillier shared this year's physics prize. Rapid movements blur together, making extremely short events impossible to observe. Electrons’ movements in atoms and molecules are so rapid that they are measured in attoseconds.
Persons: Pierre Agostini, Ferenc Krausz, Anne L’Huillier “, , Bob Rosner, , Rosner, Anne L'Huillier, Max Planck, ” L’Huillier, Hans Ellegren, L’Huillier, Olle Eriksson, , Michael Moloney, ” Moloney Organizations: CNN, American Physical Society, University of Chicago, Ohio State University, Max, Quantum Optics, National Academy of Sciences, Lund University, Max Planck, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Uppsala University, American Institute of Physics Locations: Stockholm, Sweden, Germany
Brown had the idea for IBM's "Deep Blue," and has spent over 2,000 nights sleeping in his office. RenTech was founded by Jim Simons, a former MIT math professor and Cold War codebreaker. Peter Brown is the CEO of Renaissance Technologies, a quant fund founded by former Cold War codebreaker and MIT math professor Jim Simons. And the job is so demanding, I really don't see how I could do it otherwise." We don't know any economics.
Persons: Peter Brown, Brown, RenTech, Jim Simons, Goldman, he's, he'd, Peter, we're, we've Organizations: Renaissance, MIT, Service, Goldman Sachs Exchanges, Renaissance Technologies Locations: Wall, Silicon, York
A NASA probe caught a massive eruption from the sun on camera. The Parker Solar Probe flew right through a major coronal mass ejection last year. NASA said that the CME that struck the Parker Solar Probe was "one of the most powerful coronal mass ejections ever recorded." The Parker Solar Probe's mission to touch the sunAn artist's illustration of the Parker Solar Probe approaching the sun. NASAThe Parker Solar Probe was designed specifically to study the sun.
Persons: NASA's Parker, Parker, Johns Hopkins, it's, Jim Kinnison, We're, Russ Howard Organizations: NASA, Parker, Probe, Service, Solar Probe, Johns Hopkins Applied Physics, CME, NASA's Parker Solar Probe, Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory Locations: Wall, Silicon, CMEs
The Great College Pricing Sham
  + stars: | 2023-09-10 | by ( James S. Murphy | ) www.businessinsider.com   time to read: +21 min
I use quotation marks, because merit aid is granted to half the students at public colleges and 84% at private colleges. Today the average merit-aid discount at private colleges is $23,000 — leaving the student to cover the remaining $30,000 or $40,000. At four-year public colleges, tuition now accounts for 52% of operational revenue, versus 48% from state funding. To make college more accessible, we need to make greater public investments — at both the state and federal levels — in higher education. James S. Murphy is a higher education policy analyst at Education Reform Now.
Persons: Joe Biden, YouGov, Gen, Gen Zers, You'll, Pell Grant, Dominique Baker, , Getty, Ben Sasse, who's, Sasse, David Feldman, William & Mary, Ford, Feldman, they're, Sandy Baum, It's, There's, Baum, They're, Josh Shapiro, Spencer Cox, shouldn't, James S, Murphy Organizations: Insider, Harvard, of California, Southern Methodist University, Ivy League, U.S . News, Honda, Porsche, University of Florida, McKinsey & Company, University of Oklahoma, University of Kentucky, Ford, Apple, Fordham, Appalachian, William &, Technology, West Virginia University, WVU, Urban Institute, Google, Reform, Twitter Locations: United States, Italian, Appalachian State, America, Pennsylvania, Utah
But just seven years after dropping the atomic bombs, the United States detonated an even more powerful nuclear weapon: the hydrogen bomb. A hydrogen bomb, also known as a thermonuclear bomb, can create explosive force hundreds or even thousands of times greater than an atomic bomb. That extra challenge is why it took scientists longer to build a hydrogen bomb than the atomic bomb. Some physicists, including Oppenheimer, who were concerned about the far greater destructive potential of hydrogen bombs compared to atomic bombs, opposed their development. Hydrogen bomb tests were incredibly powerfulOn November 1, 1952, the US detonated the first hydrogen bomb at Enewetak atoll in the Marshall Islands.
Persons: Edward Teller, Sun, there's, ALEXANDER NEMENOV, Robert Oppenheimer, Oppenheimer, Cillian Murphy, Melinda Sue Gordon, Enrico Fermi, Isidor Isaac Rabi, Harry S, Truman, Stanislaw Ulam, Teller, Mike, NurPhoto, Dragon Organizations: US, Service, TNT, University of Nevada, Getty, Tsar, Manhattan Project, Los, Universal, Alamos, Soviet Union, Atomic Energy, Bravo, Castle Bravo, Marshall Locations: Los Alamos, Wall, Silicon, Hiroshima, Nagasaki, United States, Las Vegas, Mt, Soviet, Soviet Union, Marshall, Castle, Bikini Atoll, Japan, Great Britain, Russia
O*NET scores job characteristics like stress tolerance on a scale from 0 to 100, where a 0 means stress tolerance is not at all necessary for an occupation, and 100 suggests a job with a very high-stress environment. We ranked occupations from most to least stressful using O*NET's stress tolerance score, with lower scores indicating less stressful jobs. For instance, postsecondary economics teachers had a stress tolerance score of 63 and had an average annual wage of $122,750. This job had a stress tolerance score of 51 and an average annual wage of $77,310. For instance, a few high-paying occupations had a stress tolerance score of 68, such as geoscientists and postsecondary mathematical science teachers.
Persons: Andy Kiersz Organizations: Service, Bureau of Labor Statistics Locations: Wall, Silicon
A subatomic particle called the muon is wobbling far more than leading physics models can explain. Its unusual behavior could be evidence of a fifth force of nature or a new dimension. And the reason could be evidence of a new, fifth force of nature. But there are still cosmic wonders we don't understand — mysteries that the discovery of a fifth force of nature may help solve. One possible explanation is that the muons' behavior is dictated by a fifth force of nature.
Persons: Aylin Woodward, Einstein, Rosen, Brendan Casey, Graziano Venanzoni Organizations: Service, Fermi, Accelerator Laboratory, Fermilab, Brookhaven National Lab Locations: Wall, Silicon
On July 24, a large team of researchers convened in Liverpool to unveil a single number related to the behavior of the muon, a subatomic particle that might open a portal to a new physics of our universe. All eyes were on a computer screen as someone typed in a secret code to release the results. The first number that popped out was met with exasperation: a lot of concerning gasps, oh-my-God’s and what-did-we-do-wrong’s. The new measurement matched exactly what the physicists had computed two years prior — now with twice the precision. “It really all comes down to that single number,” said Hannah Binney, a physicist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s Lincoln Laboratory who worked on the muon measurement as a graduate student.
Persons: , Kevin Pitts, Hannah Binney Organizations: Virginia Tech, Fermi, Accelerator Laboratory, Fermilab, Massachusetts Institute, Technology’s, Laboratory Locations: Liverpool, Batavia, Ill
Atomic bombs work via a process called nuclear fission that involves atom splitting. Albert Einstein didn't make the first atomic bombs, but his famous equation explains how they work. Scene from the film "Oppenheimer," where Cillian Murphy stands next to the first ever atomic bomb to detonate. The scientists designed and completed two different types of atomic bombs because they weren't sure which method would work. Since scientists working on the Manhattan Project weren't quite sure if the plutonium bomb's implosion method would work, they decided to test one before it was used in the war.
Persons: Albert Einstein didn't, Oppenheimer, Cillian Murphy, J, Robert Oppenheimer —, they'd, Albert Einstein, Oppenheimer —, Amanda Macias, Sun, Robert Oppenheimer Organizations: Service, University of Nevada, Trinity, TNT, National Security Research, Los, Manhattan, Hiroshima . Little, Los Alamos National Laboratory Nuclear, Nagasaki . Locations: Wall, Silicon, University of Nevada Las Vegas, New Mexico, Hiroshima, Germany, Los Alamos, United States, Manhattan, Oak Ridge , Tennessee, Los, Hanford , Washington, Nagasaki
The South Korean researchers last week said they found a superconductor that works at room temperature, which has long been considered a holy grail for scientists in the field. The South Korean researchers published two papers - one initial paper with three authors and a second, more detailed paper with six authors that included only two of the authors from the first paper. The gold standard for proof of discovery is other labs reliably replicating the South Korean researchers' findings. But another team, from Qufu Normal University, said they did not observe zero resistance, one of required characteristics of a superconductor. On Thursday, South Korean experts said they would set up a committee to verify the claims.
Persons: Read, Kelvin, Eric Toone, Bill Gates, Mike Norman, Norman, Sinéad Griffin, Lawrence, Griffin, apatite, Michael Fuhrer, Fuhrer, Argonne's Norman, Stephen Nellis, Joyce Lee, Brenda Goh, Krystal Hu, Kenneth Li, Deepa Babington Organizations: CEA, Nuclear Research, South, Reuters, South Korean, Huazhong University of Science, Technology, Qufu Normal University, Southeast University, Bill Gates ’, Energy Ventures, National Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, . Department of Energy, Monash University, Thomson Locations: ., China, South Korea, Nanjing, Melbourne, Australia, San Francisco, Seoul, Shanghai, New York
Experiments on a so-called "demon core" of plutonium caused the deaths of two Manhattan Project physicists. The recreation of the experiment involving the plutonium "demon core" that killed Harry Daghlian. In seconds, the "demon core" of plutonium core had bathed him in a lethal dose of radiation. He again attempted to experiment on the demon core, sliding the screwdriver between the metal halves. The two deadly incidents earned the plutonium core the nickname "the demon core."
Persons: J, Robert Oppenheimer, Harry Daghlian, Louis Slotin —, Daghlian —, Daghlian, Louis Slotin, Slotin, Johns Hopkins, Enrico Fermi, Alvin Graves, Graves Organizations: Manhattan, Manhattan Project, Service, Los, Atomic Heritage Foundation, MIT, Los Alamos National Laboratory, United Energy Workers Healthcare, Louis Slotin . Los Alamos, BBC, Applied Physics Laboratory, Alamos National Laboratory, New Locations: Wall, Silicon, Los Alamos, New Mexico, Hiroshima, Nagasaki, Los Alamos , New Mexico, Los, Canadian, Louis Slotin . Los, Alamos
In reality, Einstein and J. Robert Oppenheimer knew each other but weren't friends until much later. The movie focuses on J. Robert Oppenheimer, who led the assembly and testing of the first-ever atomic bomb at Los Alamos in New Mexico. Einstein and Oppenheimer disagreed on a key issue: the governmentOppenheimer (right) standing with General Leslie Groves of the US army. Out of fear the Nazis would develop and use a nuclear weapon, Einstein wrote the letter that convinced President Franklin D. Roosevelt to launch an atom-bomb program. Einstein the outsider, Oppenheimer the disgraced insiderJ. Robert Oppenheimer in 1950.
Persons: Albert Einstein, Christopher Nolan, Oppenheimer, Einstein, J, Robert Oppenheimer, Nolan, Alex Wellerstein, Corbis, who'd, Edward Teller, Wellerstein, Arthur Compton, Leslie Groves, Einstein wasn't, wouldn't, Franklin D, Roosevelt, Lewis Strauss, Strauss Organizations: Service, Manhattan, Princeton, New York Times, Manhattan Project, University of Chicago, Times, Getty, Trinity, National Security Research, United Locations: Wall, Silicon, Los Alamos, New Mexico, Princeton, United States
The United States is far from perfect. Our company, Palantir Technologies, has a stake in this debate. At Palantir, we are fortunate that our interests as a company and those of the country in which we are based are fundamentally aligned. It was the raw power and strategic potential of the bomb that prompted their call to action then. It is the far less visible but equally significant capabilities of these newest artificial intelligence technologies that should prompt swift action now.
Persons: Albert Einstein, Leo Szilard, Franklin Roosevelt, Einstein, Szilard, , Organizations: Palantir Technologies Locations: United States, Palantir, Ukraine, Russia, Long
Los Alamos National LaboratorySituated 7,300 feet above sea level and roughly 35 miles from Santa Fe, the Los Alamos site seemed ideal for a secret laboratory. Constant constructionCompared to the Chicago labs, where some of the work on the Manhattan Project was being done, Los Alamos was starting from scratch. The commissary is where many Los Alamos residents did most of their grocery shopping during the Manhattan Project. Mary Palvesky is the daughter of Harry Palevsky and Elaine Sammel, who both worked at Los Alamos during the Manhattan Project. After the US dropped the bombs, the site became the Los Alamos National Laboratory.
Persons: J, Robert Oppenheimer, he'd, Oppenheimer, Abraham Pais, Laura Fermi, Enrico Fermi's, Robert Wilson, Leslie Groves, John Henry Manley, would've, McAllister Hull, Richard Feynman's, Groves, you'd, Robert Serber, Serber, John Manley, Leon Fisher, Phyllis, Emile Segré, Leon, Phyllis Fisher, wouldn't, Ruth Marshak, Elsie McMillan, Enrico Fermi, Jane Wilson, Charlotte Serber, Kitty Oppenheimer, Los Alamos, Lucie Genay, they'd, Edward Teller, Bernice Brode, Robert Brode, Jean Bacher, Thomas Mann's, Fisher, Mary Palvesky, Harry Palevsky, Elaine Sammel, Palvesky, Joseph Rotblat, Hans Bethe, Pavlevsky, Bethe, couldn't, Marcos, Maria Gómez Organizations: Manhattan Project, Service, Manhattan, Trinity Test, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos National, Los Alamos Ranch School, Manhattan Project . National Security Research, Los Alamos, Alamos lab's Tech Area, National Security Research Center, Residents, Carpenters, Tech, Security Research, Los, Nuclear Weapons Industry, couldn't, Trinity, Chicago Met Lab, Japan Locations: New Mexico, Los Alamos, Wall, Silicon, Alamos, Santa Fe, Chicago, Los, Mexican, Hiroshima, Nagasaki, Berkeley, New York
The Manhattan Project displaced some New Mexicans and employed others at Los Alamos in the 1940s. Christopher Nolan's new film "Oppenheimer" leaves out these lasting, local impacts. The Manhattan Project displaced some New Mexicans, employed others, and irradiated potentially thousands. Her grandfather was the physicist Enrico Fermi, who worked on the Manhattan Project and is played by Danny Deferrari in the film. The Oppenheimer character briefly mentions people living in the area when he proposes it as the site for the Manhattan Project.
Persons: Christopher Nolan's, Oppenheimer, J, Robert Oppenheimer, Tina Cordova's, Cordova, Robert Alexander, me, Christopher Nolan, Wiktor, Getty Images Cordova, Olivia Fermi, Kai Bird, Fermi, Cordova's, Enrico Fermi, Danny Deferrari, It's, Los, Rosario Martinez Fiorillo, Nolan, Elizabeth, Alvin Graves, Elizabeth Graves, Alex Wellerstein, Geiger, Bob Bell, Matt McClain, Graves, Nobody, Leslie Groves, Wellerstein, Cillian Murphy Organizations: Manhattan Project, Service, New, New Mexico History, Pixar, Odeon Luxe, Anadolu Agency, Getty Images, Manhattan, Los Alamos Ranch, Trinity, San, El Rancho, Trinity Test, Stevens Institute of Technology, Washington, Getty, National Park Service, Los Alamos, Alamogordo, Base, Associated Press, Army, Pictures, NPS Locations: Los Alamos, Wall, Silicon, New Mexico, Tularosa, Trinity, Santa Fe, California, London, Vancouver, Alamogordo , New Mexico, San Ildefonso Pueblo, El, Carrizozo , New Mexico, Amarillo , Texas, Silver City , New Mexico, Cordova, Los
Nuclear fallout from the Trinity Test damaged a batch of the Eastman Kodak Company's X-ray film. In the coming months, 1,111 miles to the northeast, physicists in the Eastman Kodak Company headquarters began following that trail. By testing the particles that settled in one of its manufacturing facilities, Kodak determined that they came from a nuclear bomb. They agreed to give Kodak advance notice of any nuclear testing in exchange for them dropping legal action. It took decades for the rest of the country and the world to find out about the dangers of nuclear fallout.
Persons: they'd, Kodak's, Julian Webb, Webb, Geiger, Sen, Tom Harkin Organizations: Trinity, Eastman Kodak Company's, Kodak, Service, New Mexico Army, Eastman Kodak Company, Atomic Scientists, Atomic Energy Commission, Lions, CDC, Trinity Test Kodak, Manhattan, Trinity Test, Manhattan Project, Corbis, AEC, National Cancer Institute, Iowa Locations: Wall, Silicon, New Mexico, Nevada, Vincennes , Indiana, Alamogordo , New Mexico, Indiana, Rochester , New York, The Rochester , New York, United States, Utah, Idaho
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