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☆ What happened when the Trinity test bomb detonated, from the creation of green glass to fallout that drifted over 1,000 miles
▼ + stars: | 2023-08-01 | by ( Jenny Mcgrath | ) www.businessinsider.com time to read: +14 min

Scientists set off the Trinity test atomic bomb on July 16, 1945. Base camp (9.5 miles away): Through his dark glass, Fermi had the impression the desert was suddenly brighter than day. Chupadera Mesa (30 miles away): Fallout rained on cattle near Chupadera Mesa, giving them serious beta burns, which appear similar to a sunburn. Over 1,000 miles away: In August 1945, Kodak customers complained that their X-ray film, sensitive to radiation, was ruined. The Trinity test fallout had reached the Midwest.

Persons: Trinity, McAllister Hull, Hans Courant, Enrico Fermi, Oppenheimer, Bruce Cameron Reed, Val Fitch, Warren Nyer, General Thomas F, Farrell, Fermi, Rabi, Campañia, Edward Teller, William Spindel, Hans Bethe, Leslie Groves's, Janet Farrell Brodie's, Lilli Hornig, Norris Bradbury, Fitch, Spindel, Hornig, Brodie, Schmidt, McDonald, Reed, sheepherder Jack Denton, Los Alamos Louis Henry Hempelmann, James L, Nolan Jr, Jennet Connet, Bingham, Chupadera, Nolan, Ruidoso, Henry Herrera, Sébastien Philippe, Susan Alzner, Gilbert P, Compo, Mason Grimshaw, Megan Smith, Julian Webb Organizations: Trinity, Service, Manhattan, National Security Research, Geographic, Atomic Energy, Hans, Atomic Heritage Foundation, Base, Manhattan Project, SED, Alamogordo Air Base, Alamos, McDonald, House, Fitch, Silver City, New York Times, Los Alamos, Centers for Disease Control, Princeton University, Consortium, Kodak, Princeton Locations: Wall, Silicon, New Mexico, Sandia, Amarillo , Texas, Albuquerque, Fitch, Los, Bingham, Chupadera Mesa, Nevada, Indiana, Canada, Mexico

☆ How bricks, a screwdriver, and a 'demon core' of radioactive material killed 2 Manhattan Project scientists
▼ + stars: | 2023-07-29 | by ( Grace Eliza Goodwin | ) www.businessinsider.com time to read: +7 min

Experiments on a so-called "demon core" of plutonium caused the deaths of two Manhattan Project physicists. The recreation of the experiment involving the plutonium "demon core" that killed Harry Daghlian. In seconds, the "demon core" of plutonium core had bathed him in a lethal dose of radiation. He again attempted to experiment on the demon core, sliding the screwdriver between the metal halves. The two deadly incidents earned the plutonium core the nickname "the demon core."

Persons: J, Robert Oppenheimer, Harry Daghlian, Louis Slotin —, Daghlian —, Daghlian, Louis Slotin, Slotin, Johns Hopkins, Enrico Fermi, Alvin Graves, Graves Organizations: Manhattan, Manhattan Project, Service, Los, Atomic Heritage Foundation, MIT, Los Alamos National Laboratory, United Energy Workers Healthcare, Louis Slotin . Los Alamos, BBC, Applied Physics Laboratory, Alamos National Laboratory, New Locations: Wall, Silicon, Los Alamos, New Mexico, Hiroshima, Nagasaki, Los Alamos , New Mexico, Los, Canadian, Louis Slotin . Los, Alamos

☆ The FBI surveilled J. Robert Oppenheimer for months on one man's suggestion. During the surveillance, interviewees alleged he was feeding nuclear secrets to the Soviet Union.
▼ + stars: | 2023-07-29 | by ( Sebastian Cahill | ) www.businessinsider.com time to read: +4 min

The FBI watched J. Robert Oppenheimer for months after he helped make the WWII-ending atomic bomb. Reports from the FBI show Oppenheimer was accused of Communism and spreading information to Russia. During the investigation, though, Pitzer said he had new doubts about Oppenheimer's loyalty to the country, due to his initial reservations about the development of the H-bomb. The Atomic Heritage Foundation does consider Oppenheimer likely to have held communist sympathies, but maintains that information in the report was exaggerated. At the end of the inquest, Oppenheimer's top-level security clearances were revoked, a devastating blow to the scientist.

Persons: Robert Oppenheimer, Oppenheimer, J, Christopher Nolan's, Edgar Hoover, Lewis Strauss, Hoover, Strauss, Kenneth Pitzer, Pitzer, Ward Evans, Jean Tatlock, Bernard Peters, Oppenheimer's, Jennifer Granholm, Granholm, AHF Organizations: FBI, Congress, Service, US Atomic Energy, Los Alamos National Laboratory, UC, Loyola University , Chicago, Atomic Energy, German Communist Party, Atomic Heritage Foundation, USA, US, Department of Energy, DOE Locations: Russia, Wall, Silicon, Soviet Union, UC Berkeley's

☆ Fact Check-Surviving cameras do not prove nuclear tests are ‘fake’
▼ + stars: | 2023-07-28 | by ( Reuters Fact Check | ) www.reuters.com time to read: +4 min

Cameras used to film nuclear tests were placed far enough away from the test site or designed to withstand the blast and radiation. However, photography of nuclear tests has been well documented since 1945, with safeguards such as camera distance and special design features to withstand explosions. Footage by the Federal Civil Defense Administration of 1950s nuclear tests is viewable (here). The world’s first nuclear test was conducted by the United States in 1945, known as the Trinity test. It is well documented that cameras or film can survive nuclear tests and is not proof that footage of the tests is fake.

Persons: “, Joe Rogan, Alan Carr, ” Carr, Peter Kuran, ”, Carr, Kuran, Annie, Read Organizations: United, YouTube, Federal Civil Defense Administration, CNN, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Trinity, Atomic Heritage Foundation, White, Missile, Museum, Teapot, Defense Technical, Operation Teapot, Reuters Locations: United States

☆ 'Oppenheimer' and the story behind those who lost their land to the lab
▼ + stars: | 2023-07-28 | by ( Andrew Hay | ) www.reuters.com time to read: +5 min

[1/2] The town of Los Alamos, New Mexico with Fuller Lodge and the "Big House" dormitories is seen in an undated photograph. "Oppenheimer had no qualms about displacing people from their homelands," said Gomez, who wrote "Nuclear Nuevo Mexico" about the setting up of the lab. Today Los Alamos County, where the lab is based, is one of the richest and best-educated in the United States. "There's no economic development in our areas because it's all focused in Los Alamos," said Cristian Madrid-Estrada, director of the regional homeless shelter in Espanola, Rio Arriba's largest town. The lab said over 61% of employees hired since 2018 were from New Mexico, with most of its workforce living outside Los Alamos County.

Persons: Oppenheimer, Cillian Murphy, Loyda Martinez, Martinez, Christopher Nolan's, Marcel Torres, Torres, dispossession, Myrriah Gomez, Gomez, Alisa Valdes, Mexico Rob Martinez, homesteader, Cristian Madrid, Estrada, Andrew Hay, Rosalba O'Brien Organizations: Fuller, of Energy, REUTERS, U.S . Army, Homes, Los Alamos National Laboratory, National Nuclear Security Administration, U.S, Department, Labor, University of New, Manhattan, Hispano, Los Alamos, U.S ., Thomson Locations: Los Alamos , New Mexico, New Mexico, Espanola, New, University of New Mexico, Nuevo Mexico, Abiquiu , New Mexico, Publicists, United States, Los, Mexico, Los Alamos County, Neighboring Rio Arriba County, Los Alamos, Rio Arriba's, Taos , New Mexico

☆ 'Oppenheimer' doesn't get Einstein's relationship with the Los Alamos director quite right. Here's what they really thought of each other.
▼ + stars: | 2023-07-28 | by ( Morgan Mcfall-Johnsen | Jenny Mcgrath | ) www.businessinsider.com time to read: +7 min

In reality, Einstein and J. Robert Oppenheimer knew each other but weren't friends until much later. The movie focuses on J. Robert Oppenheimer, who led the assembly and testing of the first-ever atomic bomb at Los Alamos in New Mexico. Einstein and Oppenheimer disagreed on a key issue: the governmentOppenheimer (right) standing with General Leslie Groves of the US army. Out of fear the Nazis would develop and use a nuclear weapon, Einstein wrote the letter that convinced President Franklin D. Roosevelt to launch an atom-bomb program. Einstein the outsider, Oppenheimer the disgraced insiderJ. Robert Oppenheimer in 1950.

Persons: Albert Einstein, Christopher Nolan, Oppenheimer, Einstein, J, Robert Oppenheimer, Nolan, Alex Wellerstein, Corbis, who'd, Edward Teller, Wellerstein, Arthur Compton, Leslie Groves, Einstein wasn't, wouldn't, Franklin D, Roosevelt, Lewis Strauss, Strauss Organizations: Service, Manhattan, Princeton, New York Times, Manhattan Project, University of Chicago, Times, Getty, Trinity, National Security Research, United Locations: Wall, Silicon, Los Alamos, New Mexico, Princeton, United States

☆ Chien-Shiung Wu, a nuclear physicist who worked on the Manhattan Project, spent her career fighting for gender equality in science
▼ + stars: | 2023-07-26 | by ( Yoonji Han | ) www.businessinsider.com time to read: +7 min

Chien-Shiung Wu was a Chinese physicist who was instrumental to the Manhattan Project. Chien-Shiung Wu is a physicist who broke through both gender and racial barriers in 1940s America, wowing the science community with her significant contributions to the Manhattan Project. Like many other scientists involved in the project, Wu later distanced herself from the Manhattan Project due to its destructive outcome. Robert W. Kelley/Contributor/Getty ImagesWu's legacyAfter the Manhattan Project, Wu continued to advance the science community's understanding of nuclear physics. Wu was later awarded the first Wolf Prize, considered the second most prestigious award after the Nobel Prize, in 1978.

Persons: Wu, Wolf, Christopher Nolan's, Oppenheimer, Wu's, Madame Curie, Ernest Lawrence, J, Robert Oppenheimer, weren't, Lawrence, Wu —, Emilio Segrè, Marie Curie, Luke Yuan, East Coast . Wu, Brode, Wallace Brode, Enrico Fermi, Robert W, Kelley, —, Y.K, Lee, Bettmann Organizations: Manhattan, Physics, Service, University of Michigan, University of California, Princeton University, Science, Smithsonian Institution, Manhattan Project, Columbia University, Los Alamos, Columbia Locations: Chinese, Wall, Silicon, America, Jiangsu, China, Republic of China, United States, Michigan, Berkeley, Italian, East Coast ., Los, Manhattan

☆ Here's why the pilot of Enola Gay had no regrets about dropping the first atom bomb designed by Oppenheimer
▼ + stars: | 2023-07-25 | by ( Tom Porter | Sophia Ankel | ) www.businessinsider.com time to read: +6 min

On August 6, 1945, the B-29 Superfortress bomber Enola Gay dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima. Toward the end of his life, Enola Gay's pilot was unrepentant saying they saved "a lot of lives." So when the Enola Gay approached at 8:15 a.m., many thought it was a reconnaissance plane. But how did the explosion weigh with the 12 men aboard the Enola Gay who dropped the bomb that day? Some of the crew of the Enola Gay, the B-29 plane from which the first atom bomb was dropped.

Persons: Gay, Enola, Enola Gay, Paul W, Tibbets Jr, Tibbets, Paul Tibbets Jr, Richard Cannon, Edger, we'd, God we're, we've, Terkel, Capt, Theodore van Kirk, I'm, J, Robert Oppenheimer, Christopher Nolan's, Oppenheimer, Oppenheimer famousy Organizations: Service, US Air Force, Boy, Us Air Force, Getty, Enola, Army Air Force Locations: Hiroshima, Wall, Silicon, Tinian, Guam, Japan, Nagasaki, Los Alamos , New Mexico

☆ 'Oppenheimer' leaves out the most terrifying, deadly risk of nuclear weapons because nobody knew about it until the 1980s
▼ + stars: | 2023-07-25 | by ( Morgan Mcfall-Johnsen | ) www.businessinsider.com time to read: +4 min

The film "Oppenheimer" is filled with terrible visions of nuclear war from the father of the atom bomb. But J. Robert Oppenheimer didn't know about the worst-case scenario: nuclear winter. The theory is that nuclear war would darken the skies, cool the planet, and cause billions to starve. Last year, they published findings that fish and livestock would not be able to sustain the world if nuclear winter wiped out crops. They concluded that a nuclear war between the US and Russia could cause 5 billion people to starve to death.

Persons: Oppenheimer, Robert Oppenheimer didn't, Christopher Nolan's, Cillian Murphy's J, Robert Oppenheimer, Alan Robock, Lucy Nicholson, Carl Sagan, Robock Organizations: Service, Bravo, NOAA, Rutgers University, Reuters, Trinity, US Army, Getty Images Locations: Wall, Silicon, Alamos, Central Valley, Russia, India, Pakistan

☆ What it was like to live at the Los Alamos lab site during the Manhattan Project
▼ + stars: | 2023-07-25 | by ( Jenny Mcgrath | ) www.businessinsider.com time to read: +14 min

Los Alamos National LaboratorySituated 7,300 feet above sea level and roughly 35 miles from Santa Fe, the Los Alamos site seemed ideal for a secret laboratory. Constant constructionCompared to the Chicago labs, where some of the work on the Manhattan Project was being done, Los Alamos was starting from scratch. The commissary is where many Los Alamos residents did most of their grocery shopping during the Manhattan Project. Mary Palvesky is the daughter of Harry Palevsky and Elaine Sammel, who both worked at Los Alamos during the Manhattan Project. After the US dropped the bombs, the site became the Los Alamos National Laboratory.

Persons: J, Robert Oppenheimer, he'd, Oppenheimer, Abraham Pais, Laura Fermi, Enrico Fermi's, Robert Wilson, Leslie Groves, John Henry Manley, would've, McAllister Hull, Richard Feynman's, Groves, you'd, Robert Serber, Serber, John Manley, Leon Fisher, Phyllis, Emile Segré, Leon, Phyllis Fisher, wouldn't, Ruth Marshak, Elsie McMillan, Enrico Fermi, Jane Wilson, Charlotte Serber, Kitty Oppenheimer, Los Alamos, Lucie Genay, they'd, Edward Teller, Bernice Brode, Robert Brode, Jean Bacher, Thomas Mann's, Fisher, Mary Palvesky, Harry Palevsky, Elaine Sammel, Palvesky, Joseph Rotblat, Hans Bethe, Pavlevsky, Bethe, couldn't, Marcos, Maria Gómez Organizations: Manhattan Project, Service, Manhattan, Trinity Test, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos National, Los Alamos Ranch School, Manhattan Project . National Security Research, Los Alamos, Alamos lab's Tech Area, National Security Research Center, Residents, Carpenters, Tech, Security Research, Los, Nuclear Weapons Industry, couldn't, Trinity, Chicago Met Lab, Japan Locations: New Mexico, Los Alamos, Wall, Silicon, Alamos, Santa Fe, Chicago, Los, Mexican, Hiroshima, Nagasaki, Berkeley, New York

☆ Long after Oppenheimer, the US is still paying benefits to people who were exposed to radiation from nuclear tests
▼ + stars: | 2023-07-25 | by ( Jake Epstein | Chris Panella | ) www.businessinsider.com time to read: +7 min

Decades after Oppenheimer, the US still pays benefits to people exposed to nuclear radiation. Civilians who contracted cancer or other diseases due to nuclear testing also receive benefits. Long after the creation and testing of that first nuclear weapon and the many more tests that followed, Washington is still paying benefits to veterans and civilians exposed to radiation from nuclear bomb tests and cleanups. It was over 40 years after the first nuclear test, codenamed "Trinity," before the risks and dangers were officially recognized. Jeff T. Green/Getty ImagesCurrent VA benefits related to nuclear radiation exposure include cleanups at the Marshall Islands and Palomares, Spain, from a 1966 US Air Force plutonium accident.

Persons: Oppenheimer, Christopher Nolan's, Robert Oppenheimer, Bill Clinton's, Eileen Welsome's, Markey, Ken Brownell, Francis Lincoln Grahlfs, Brownell, Jeff T Organizations: Manhattan, Service, Los Alamos Laboratory, Trinity, Universal Pictures, Los Alamos National Laboratory, MPI, Manhattan Project, Marshall, Air Force, McMurdo, Manhattan Project's Trinity Locations: Marshall, Wall, Silicon, Nazi Germany, Hiroshima, Nagasaki, Washington, Japan, Nevada, Hanford, Palomares, Spain, McMurdo Antarctica, Ukraine

☆ 'Oppenheimer' leaves out New Mexicans exposed to radiation from the Manhattan Project, despite local efforts to contact filmmakers
▼ + stars: | 2023-07-25 | by ( Morgan Mcfall-Johnsen | Jenny Mcgrath | ) www.businessinsider.com time to read: +10 min

The Manhattan Project displaced some New Mexicans and employed others at Los Alamos in the 1940s. Christopher Nolan's new film "Oppenheimer" leaves out these lasting, local impacts. The Manhattan Project displaced some New Mexicans, employed others, and irradiated potentially thousands. Her grandfather was the physicist Enrico Fermi, who worked on the Manhattan Project and is played by Danny Deferrari in the film. The Oppenheimer character briefly mentions people living in the area when he proposes it as the site for the Manhattan Project.

Persons: Christopher Nolan's, Oppenheimer, J, Robert Oppenheimer, Tina Cordova's, Cordova, Robert Alexander, me, Christopher Nolan, Wiktor, Getty Images Cordova, Olivia Fermi, Kai Bird, Fermi, Cordova's, Enrico Fermi, Danny Deferrari, It's, Los, Rosario Martinez Fiorillo, Nolan, Elizabeth, Alvin Graves, Elizabeth Graves, Alex Wellerstein, Geiger, Bob Bell, Matt McClain, Graves, Nobody, Leslie Groves, Wellerstein, Cillian Murphy Organizations: Manhattan Project, Service, New, New Mexico History, Pixar, Odeon Luxe, Anadolu Agency, Getty Images, Manhattan, Los Alamos Ranch, Trinity, San, El Rancho, Trinity Test, Stevens Institute of Technology, Washington, Getty, National Park Service, Los Alamos, Alamogordo, Base, Associated Press, Army, Pictures, NPS Locations: Los Alamos, Wall, Silicon, New Mexico, Tularosa, Trinity, Santa Fe, California, London, Vancouver, Alamogordo , New Mexico, San Ildefonso Pueblo, El, Carrizozo , New Mexico, Amarillo , Texas, Silver City , New Mexico, Cordova, Los

☆ Oppenheimer never won a Nobel Prize, but these 31 scientists with ties to the Manhattan Project did
▼ + stars: | 2023-07-24 | by ( Jenny Mcgrath | ) www.businessinsider.com time to read: +26 min

Manhattan Project: After a harrowing escape from Nazi-occupied Denmark in 1943, Bohr began consulting on the Manhattan Project. Manhattan Project: Between 1943 and 1944, Muller was a civilian advisor for the Manhattan Project, consulting on experiments studying the effects of radiation. Maria Goeppert Mayer, Nobel Prize in Physics, 1963Maria Goeppert Mayer worked on the Manhattan Project and later won the Nobel Prize in physics. Manhattan Project: Working as an assistant to his father, Niels Bohr, Aage Bohr proved instrumental in interpreting for some members of the Manhattan Project. Manhattan Project: At 18, Glauber was still a student at Harvard when he became one of the youngest scientists to join the Manhattan Project.

Persons: Robert Oppenheimer, Alfred Nobel, Joseph Rotblat, Albert Einstein, Christopher Nolan's, Oppenheimer, Niels Bohr, Bohr, Nicholas Baker, Nick, James Franck, Boyer, Roger Viollet, Gustav Ludwig Hertz, Niels Bohr's, Franck, Arthur Compton, Imagno, Compton, Harold Urey, Harold, Urey, James Chadwick, Chadwick, Enrico Fermi, Fermi, Ernest Lawrence, Lawrence, Isidor Isaac Rabi, Nancy R, Schiff, Rabi, Hermann Muller, Muller, Edwin McMillan, Bettmann, Glenn Seaborg, McMillan, Elsie McMillan, Seaborg, Felix Bloch, Edward Purcell, Nobel, Hans Bethe, Bloch, Purcell, Emilio Segrè, Owen Chamberlain, Chamberlain, Segrè, Willard Libby, Leona Libby, Lowell, Libby, Linus Pauling, Leona Woods Marshall Libby, Eugene Wigner, Wigner, Leo Szilard's, Einstein, Franklin D, Roosevelt, Maria Goeppert Mayer, J, Hans Jensen, Goeppert Mayer, Teller, Richard Feynman, Tomonaga, Julian Schwinger, Fenynman, Hans Bethe's, Feynmwan, Feynman, Schwinger, Robert Mulliken, Mulliken, Szilard, Hans A, Bethe, Luis Alvarez, Alvarez, Enola Gay, Walter Alvarez, James Rainwater, Aage Bohr, Ben Mottelson, Rainwater, Wu, Aage Niels Bohr, Mottelson, mumbled, Val Fitch, James Cronin, Fitch, Jerome Karle, Isabelle, Larry Morris, Herbert Hauptman, Karle, Isabella Karle, Norman Ramsey, Ellie Welch, Ramsey, Norman Ramsey's Nobel, David Cheskin, Rotblat, Russell, Bertrand Russell, Enstinen, Frederick Reines, Philippe Caron, Sygma, Reines, Roy Glauber, Gail Oskin, Glauber Organizations: Manhattan Project, Service, Manhattan, US Army, AP, Getty, University of Chicago's Metallurgical Laboratory, Chicago Met, Los Angeles Examiner, USC, Columbia, Keystone, Gamma, Columbia University, University of Chicago, Trinity Test, University of California, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Hulton, Trinity, Deutsch, Los Alamos, University of Chicago's Metallurgical, Atomic Energy Commission, Harvard University, MIT Rad Lab, Denver, Chicago Met Lab, Materials Laboratory, Los, Radiation Laboratory, MIT, University of Chicago's, Princeton University, Naval Research Lab, Washington, US Naval Research Laboratory, Science, World Affairs, Einstein, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Harvard, Institute for Locations: Wall, Silicon, Polish, Denmark, Copenhagen, Nazi, London , Washington, Los Alamos, German, Germany, Japan, Manhattan, British, France, Washington, DC, Berkeley, Ridge , Tennessee, Los, New Mexico, Hanford, antiprotons, Hiroshima, Lowell Georgia, San Diego, Chicago, Washington ,

☆ Welcome to Barbenheimer Weekend
▼ + stars: | 2023-07-22 | by ( Melissa Kirsch | More About Melissa Kirsch | ) www.nytimes.com time to read: +2 min

Start the day with the darker fare: Christopher Nolan’s moody “Oppenheimer,” about the physicist who ran the Los Alamos Laboratory during the development of the atomic bomb. The movie industry hopes so. Ticket sales for the year in the U.S. and Canada are down about 20 percent from the same period in 2019. Analysts predict that “Barbie” could take in $100 million domestically through Sunday; “Oppenheimer” around $50 million. “These are not the tried-and-true safe bets that are the hallmark of the summer movie season,” he said.

Persons: Christopher Nolan’s, Oppenheimer, ”, Milk, Greta Gerwig’s “, fantasia, ” “ Barbie, ” “ Barbie ”, “ Oppenheimer, “, ‘ Oppenheimer, Barbie ’, Will Barbenheimer, Barbie ”, Paul Dergarabedian Organizations: Los Alamos Laboratory, Alamo, Times Locations: Chicago, U.S, Canada

☆ The women behind the Manhattan Project that Nolan's new film 'Oppenheimer' completely ignored
▼ + stars: | 2023-07-22 | by ( Katie Hawkinson | Jenny Mcgrath | ) www.businessinsider.com time to read: +9 min

Nolan's "Oppenheimer" fails to highlight the women who helped make the Manhattan Project possible. Here are the stories of just six of the hundreds of women that made essential contributions to the Manhattan Project in Los Alamos. Hornig first arrived at Los Alamos after Manhattan Project officials tapped her husband to join the effort. Los Alamos National LaboratoryCharlotte SerberCharlotte Serber first went to Los Alamos with her husband, a physicist, in 1942. Los Alamos National LaboratoryMaria Goeppert MayerTheoretical physicist Maria Goeppert Mayer contributed to the development of nuclear fission while working at Columbia University, Sarah Lawrence College, and visiting Los Alamos from time to time.

Persons: Nolan's, Oppenheimer, Christopher Nolan's, J, Robert Oppenheimer, Lilli Hornig, Charlotte Serber, Nolan, Hornig, Lilli Hornig's, Alamos National Laboratory Charlotte, Serber, Charlotte Serber's, Alamos National Laboratory Floy Agnes, Naranjo Stroud, Lee Floy Agnes, Lee, — Lee, Louis Slotin, Joan Hinton Joan Hinton, Hinton, Harry Daghlian, Joan Hinton, Reuters Elizabeth Graves Elizabeth Graves, Graves, Henry Barschall, Elizabeth Graves, Alamos National Laboratory Maria Goeppert Mayer, Maria Goeppert Mayer, Sarah Lawrence, Mayer, Edward Teller, Sharon McGrayne, Marie Curie Organizations: Manhattan, Service, Manhattan Project, Trinity Test, Hornig, Alamos National Laboratory, Sun, University of New, University of Chicago, American Indian Science and Engineering Society, University of Wisconsin, Los Alamos, Trinity, New York Times, Reuters, US Department of Energy, Columbia University, Sarah, Sarah Lawrence College Locations: Wall, Silicon, Los Alamos , New Mexico, Los Alamos, United States, Berlin, Germany, New Mexico, Japan, Santa Fe, University of New Mexico, Santa Clara Pueblo, Hiroshima, Nagaski, China, Beijing, Alamos, Los, —

☆ Oppenheimer went into a deep depression after reading about the effects of the atomic bomb on Japan and even publicly spoke out against using the bomb
▼ + stars: | 2023-07-21 | by ( Rebecca Cohen | ) www.businessinsider.com time to read: +3 min

J. Robert Oppenheimer "plunged into a deep depression" after he created the atomic bomb. Days later when the US dropped a second bomb on Nagasaki, things began to change for the physicist, The Post reported. Oppenheimer didn't think it was necessary or justified to drop the second bomb, according to the Post. "Mr. President, I feel I have blood on my hands," Oppenheimer told Truman, according to Bird's book, "American Prometheus," the Post reported. Oppenheimer then began to publicly denounce the use of his atomic bomb, much to the NSA's dismay, Bird said.

Persons: Robert Oppenheimer, Kai Bird, Harry Truman, Oppenheimer, Kai Bird —, Oppenheimer —, Truman, Mr, Bird, Biden, Energy Jennifer Granholm Organizations: Service, Manhattan, CBS, Washington Post, Post, Energy Locations: Wall, Silicon, Hiroshima, Nagasaki, Alamos

☆ Opinion: ‘Oppenheimer’ is a different kind of movie
▼ + stars: | 2023-07-21 | by ( Opinion Gene Seymour | ) edition.cnn.com time to read: +6 min

Bottom lines are important, especially when billions are at stake, as well as the future of an entire industry. US physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer is often referred to as "the father of the atomic bomb." At once skittish and coy, self-effacing and self-aggrandizing, owlish and sexy, Murphy’s Oppenheimer is, at times, his own kind of super-powered being. A moviegoer unfamiliar with the particulars of the history here might be forgiven for wondering whether Murphy’s Oppenheimer is Obi-Wan Kenobi or Darth Vader. “Robert Oppenheimer can touch us still,” Kempton wrote, “because he was one of the few of those who have lived with the illusion of being history’s conqueror and the fact of being its victim.”I’m there for it.

Persons: Gene Seymour, Gene Seymour Jeremy Freeman, “ Oppenheimer, ”, “ Oppenheimer ”, —, J, Robert Oppenheimer, Murray Kempton, “, “ Michael Corleone ”, Oppenheimer, Cillian Murphy, Christopher Nolan, diffidence, skittish, Murphy’s Oppenheimer, Obi, Wan, Darth Vader, Nolan, that’s, they’ll, “ Robert Oppenheimer, ” Kempton Organizations: The New York Times, Newsday, Entertainment, The Washington, Twitter, CNN, Los Alamos Laboratory, Universal, coy, Manhattan Locations: Manhattan, New Mexico, Hiroshima, Nagasaki

☆ 'Oppenheimer' fact v. fiction: A nuclear historian breaks down what the movie got right and wrong
▼ + stars: | 2023-07-21 | by ( Jenny Mcgrath | ) www.businessinsider.com time to read: +18 min

J. Robert Oppenheimer was an immensely complex figure, and the movie's based on a biography of him. Fact: Oppenheimer mocked Strauss about isotopesJ. Robert Oppenheimer testifies before the Senate in October 1945. Fact: A big thunderstorm delayed the Trinity TestOppenheimer (Cillian Murphy) stands next to the test bomb in "Oppenheimer." If it weren't for the atomic bomb, Oppenheimer would likely be best known for bolstering theoretical physics at the University of California, Berkeley. Fiction: Oppenheimer consulted Einstein about Teller's calculations(L-R) Tom Conti as Albert Einstein and Cillian Murphy as J. Robert Oppenheimer in "Oppenheimer."

Persons: Christopher Nolan's, Oppenheimer, Robert Oppenheimer, J, Alex Wellerstein, Kai Bird, Martin Sherwin, Wellerstein, Niels Bohr wasn't, Patrick Blackett, Bird, Sherwin, Blackett, Niels Bohr, Ernest Rutherford, Bohr, Oppenheimer's, Cillian Murphy, Abraham Pais, Baudelaire, e.e, cummings, who's, Haakon Chevalier, Peter, Peter Oppenheimer, Kitty, Haakon, Barbara Chevalier, Robert, Perro, Werner Heisenberg, peppering Bohr, Heisenberg, Strauss, David Hill, Lewis Strauss, Dwight D, David Inglis, Inglis, I've, Arthur Compton, Trinity Test Oppenheimer, Jack Hubbard, Leslie Groves, Hubbard, Feynman, Richard Feynman, I'm, Groves, Robert Serber, David Bohm, Philip Morrison, Willis Lamb, Hitler, Hartland Snyder, Kip Thorne, John Wheeler, Roger Penrose, Penrose, Murphy, Trinity, there's, —, Karl T, Compton, Stimson, Henry Stimson, that's, Harry Truman, Wallenstein, Einstein, Tom Conti, Albert Einstein, Melinda Sue Gordon, Edward Teller, Hans Bethe, Enrico Fermi, Bethe, Roger Robb, He's, Teller, Stanislaw Ulam, Gordon Dean, Charlotte Serber, Charlotte Serber's, she's, Serber Organizations: Service, Manhattan Project's Los Alamos Laboratory, Stevens Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Eisenhower's, Federation of American Scientists, Time, Atomic Energy Committee, Trinity Test, Trinity, Los, University of California, Clovis, National Security Research, Manhattan Project . National Security Research, FBI Locations: Wall, Silicon, England, Leiden, Holland, New Mexico, Perro Caliente, Los Pinos , New Mexico, Germany, Nazi, Denmark, Sweden, Los Alamos, Europe, Berkeley, Poland, Amarillo , Texas, Japan, Kyoto, Alamos

☆ How Christopher Nolan recreated the Trinity Test atomic bomb explosion in 'Oppenheimer' without any CGI
▼ + stars: | 2023-07-20 | by ( Maiya Focht | ) www.businessinsider.com time to read: +3 min

Christopher Nolan's "Oppenheimer" is about the Manhattan Project, and features an atomic bomb test. By using chemicals and layering clips while editing, they made a realistic atomic explosion. For Christopher Nolan's latest blockbuster, which follows the development and aftermath of the atomic bomb by following its creator, Robert J. Oppenheimer, Nolan chose not to use computer-generated imagery, or CGI. Cillian Murphy looks out the window at the simulated Trinity test while playing the titular role in Oppenheimer. A comparison between the prop bomb used in filming Oppenheimer [top] and the historic photo of the bomb used in the Trinity test [bottom].

Persons: Christopher Nolan's, Oppenheimer, he's, Robert J, Nolan, Scott Fisher, Cillian Murphy, Fisher, Andrew Jackson, Ruth De Jong, Jackson, It's Organizations: Manhattan, Service, Trinity Test, SYFY, Entertainment, Trinity, Universal Pictures, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Hollywood Locations: Wall, Silicon

☆ Who was J. Robert Oppenheimer? What you need to know before watching Christopher Nolan's biopic
▼ + stars: | 2023-07-20 | by ( Caolán Magee | ) edition.cnn.com time to read: +5 min

Director Christopher Nolan’s latest creation concerns an earlier existential threat, telling the story of the atomic bomb through the lens of its creator, J. Robert Oppenheimer – played by “Peaky Blinders” star Cillian Murphy. ullstein bild Dtl./ullstein bild/Getty ImagesWho was J. Robert Oppenheimer? Oppenheimer is widely considered the father of the atomic bomb. He quickly rose to prominence as an internationally renowned physicist, employed by the US government to create an atomic bomb to quell the threat of Nazi Germany. In the post-WWII era, as the world entered the Cold War, Oppenheimer was suspected by US intelligence of having ties with communists.

Persons: Oppenheimer ”, Christopher Nolan’s, J, Robert Oppenheimer –, “ Peaky, Cillian Murphy, Matt Damon, Emily Blunt, Florence Pugh, Robert Downey Jr, Kai Bird, Martin J, Sherwin’s Pulitzer, Robert Oppenheimer, ” Oppenheimer, Oppenheimer, Fotosearch, Adolf Hitler, Albert Einstein, Leo Szilard, Eugene Wigner, Jennifer Granholm, ” Organizations: CNN, Trinity, Los Alamos National Laboratory, United States Atomic Energy Commission, Manhattan, Institute for, Study, Committee, Atomic Energy Commission, US Department of Energy, ” Locations: New York, Nazi Germany, New Mexico, Alamogordo , New Mexico, Germany, Los Alamos , New Mexico, Hiroshima, Nagasaki, Princeton , New Jersey, Spanish

☆ ‘Oppenheimer’ Review: A Man for Our Time
▼ + stars: | 2023-07-19 | by ( Manohla Dargis | More About Manohla Dargis | ) www.nytimes.com time to read: +2 min

“Oppenheimer,” Christopher Nolan’s staggering film about J. Robert Oppenheimer, the man known as “the father of the atomic bomb,” condenses a titanic shift in consciousness into three haunted hours. The movie is based on “American Prometheus: The Triumph and Tragedy of J. Robert Oppenheimer,” the authoritative 2005 biography by Kai Bird and Martin J. Sherwin. The atomic bomb and what it wrought define Oppenheimer’s legacy and also shape this film. “Oppenheimer” is a great achievement in formal and conceptual terms, and fully absorbing, but Nolan’s filmmaking is, crucially, in service to the history that it relates. The story tracks Oppenheimer — played with feverish intensity by Cillian Murphy — across decades, starting in the 1920s with him as a young adult and continuing until his hair grays.

Persons: “ Oppenheimer, ” Christopher Nolan’s, Robert Oppenheimer, J, Kai Bird, Martin J, Sherwin ., Nolan, Oppenheimer, Oppenheimer —, Cillian Murphy —, Jean Tatlock, Florence Pugh, boozer, Kitty Harrison, Emily Blunt Organizations: Manhattan Engineer District, Manhattan Locations: Hiroshima, Nagasaki, Los Alamos, New Mexico, Pacific

☆ Christopher Nolan and the ‘Oppenheimer’ cast discuss the atomic bomb and its chilling echoes today: ‘Humanity can only deal with one apocalypse at a time’
▼ + stars: | 2023-07-17 | by ( Thomas Page David Daniel | Thomas Page | David Daniel | ) edition.cnn.com time to read: +8 min

It would have seemed inconceivable then, but the atomic bomb did fade out of mind. And it’s precisely at this moment that Christopher Nolan is asking audiences to look it soberly in the eye. As the name suggests, Nolan has taken on the life of J. Robert Oppenheimer, the scientific genius and conflicted godfather of the atomic bomb. Cillian Murphy as godfather of the atomic bomb J. Robert Oppenheimer in "Oppenheimer." But even if a war involving a nuclear power hadn’t erupted in Europe in 2022, Nolan believes “Oppenheimer” contains crossover anxieties.

Persons: CNN —, Dimitri, Stanley Kubrick’s, Strangelove, Christopher Nolan, ” Nolan, “ Oppenheimer, ”, Nolan, J, Robert Oppenheimer, Cillian Murphy, Oppenheimer, –, Robert Oppenheimer ”, Kai Bird, Martin Sherwin, “, “ We’re, ” Murphy, McCarthy, Kitty, Emily Blunt, Jean Tatlock, Florence Pugh, Chris, Matt Damon, Leslie Groves, Spielberg, Ryan, ’, Chris Nolan, Robert Downey Jr, Lewis Strauss, Damon, it’s, ” Cillian Murphy, Melinda Sue Gordon, Universal Pictures Nolan, Murphy, Universal Pictures Kubrick, There’s, ” Downey, Knight ”, there’s, ” “ Oppenheimer ” Organizations: CNN, Manhattan, U.S . Atomic Energy Commission, Universal Pictures, Los Alamos, Manhattan Project, Trinity Locations: Cambridge, Russia, Ukraine, New Mexico, Europe

☆ J. Robert Oppenheimer’s Defense of Humanity
▼ + stars: | 2023-07-15 | by ( David Nirenberg | ) www.wsj.com time to read: 1 min

From the moment the atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima in August 1945 until his death in 1967, J. Robert Oppenheimer was perhaps the most recognizable physicist on the planet. During World War II, Oppenheimer directed Los Alamos Laboratory, “Site Y” of the Manhattan Project, the successful American effort to build an atomic bomb. He went on to serve for almost 20 years as director of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, N.J., home to some of the world’s leading scientists, including Albert Einstein.

Persons: J, Robert Oppenheimer, Oppenheimer, Albert Einstein Organizations: Los Alamos Laboratory, Manhattan Project, Institute for, Study Locations: Hiroshima, Princeton, N.J

☆ J. Robert Oppenheimer stifled a petition by 70 scientists beseeching President Truman not to use the atomic bomb. Read it here.
▼ + stars: | 2023-07-15 | by ( Jenny Mcgrath | ) www.businessinsider.com time to read: +7 min

In August 1945, the US used atomic bombs on Japan, killing over 100,000 people. Truman didn't actually see the petition before he ordered the bombs to drop, according to the Atomic Heritage Foundation. Read the full petition from the Manhattan Project scientists and their names (provided by Szilard biographer Gene Dannen) below. The liberation of the atomic power which has been achieved places atomic bombs in the hands of the Army. All the resources of the United States, moral and material, may have to be mobilized to prevent the advent of such a world situation.

Persons: Weeks, Harry Truman, Leo Szilard, Szilard, Edward Teller, J, Robert Oppenheimer, Teller, Oppenheimer, Truman didn't, Adolf Hitler's, Hitler, Emilio Segrè, Gene Dannen, Truman, United States — Organizations: Manhattan Project, Service, National Archives Museum, Chicago Met Lab, Manhattan, Los Alamos Laboratory, Atomic Heritage Foundation, OF, UNITED STATES, Army, United States Locations: Japan, Wall, Silicon, United States, Hiroshima, Nagasaki, Los Alamos , New Mexico, Los Alamos, Los, Alamos, Manhattan, Germany

☆ Christopher Nolan returns with latest blockbuster 'Oppenheimer'
▼ + stars: | 2023-07-07 | by ( Alicia Powell | ) www.reuters.com time to read: +2 min

[1/2] 71st Cannes Film Festival - Screening of the new print of the film "2001: A Space Odyssey" presented as part of Cinema Classic - Red Carpet Arrivals - Cannes, France, May 13, 2018 - Director Christopher Nolan poses. REUTERS/Stephane Mahe/File PhotoNEW YORK, July 7 (Reuters) - Acclaimed film director Christopher Nolan turns his attention to J. Robert Oppenheimer for his new blockbuster movie, taking audiences back to when the American theoretical physicist oversaw the creation of the atomic bomb during World War II. He oversaw the first atomic bomb detonation in the New Mexico desert, code-named "Trinity", before the weapons were used in the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Nolan is known for conceptual narratives and visual style in films like "Inception" "Tenet" and an instalment of the Batman film franchise. 'Oppenheimer' is kind of the amalgam of every Chris Nolan movie ever, all of which have been leading to a statement as kind of profound as this but it's still edge of your seat entertainment," Downey Jr. said.

Persons: Christopher Nolan, Stephane Mahe, J, Robert Oppenheimer, Kai Bird, Martin J, Sherwin, Oppenheimer, Matt Damon, Robert Downey Jr, Emily Blunt, Cillian Murphy, Nolan, Murphy, ” Oppenheimer, Franklin D, Roosevelt, Tenet, Chris Nolan, Downey, Alicia Powell, Rollo Ross, Raissa Organizations: Cannes, Reuters, Los, Los Alamos Laboratory, Manhattan Project, Thomson Locations: Cannes, France, American, Los Alamos, New Mexico, Hiroshima, Nagasaki

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