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After getting battered for most of 2023, emerging market (EM) currencies have made modest gains against the dollar after the Federal Reserve held interest rates steady last week and data suggested the U.S. economy might finally be slowing. That dollar weakening trend was likely to hold in the near-term as a majority of analysts in the Nov. 3-7 Reuters poll expected the dollar to trade lower by year-end. "So it's difficult to see the EM currencies recoup some of the sharp losses that we've seen in the last few months. Although EM currencies gained at the beginning of 2023 and investors brimmed with positivity after China's post-COVID reopening, economic performance in the world's second largest economy has been mostly underwhelming. "Easier Fed monetary policy should also take some pressure off select emerging market currencies in the second half of next year," noted Nick Bennenbroek, international economist at Wells Fargo.
Persons: We've, Mitul Kotecha, we've, it's, Nick Bennenbroek, Devayani Sathyan, Anant Chandak, Hari Kishan, Ross Finley, Mark Potter Organizations: Federal Reserve, Reuters, FX, Asia, Barclays, South Korean, Thomson Locations: BENGALURU, JOHANNESBURG, U.S, Brazilian, Wells Fargo
Dutch bank ABN Amro beats Q3 profit estimates
  + stars: | 2023-11-08 | by ( ) www.cnbc.com   time to read: +1 min
Dutch lender ABN Amro on Wednesday reported a third-quarter net profit well above market expectations, boosted by higher interest rates and growing loan books. ABN Amro, one of three dominant banks in the Netherlands, posted a 2% rise in quarterly net profit to 759 million euros ($811 million), compared with 743 million a year earlier. Its NII stood at 1.53 billion euros in the third quarter, up 20% from a year earlier. The bank also trimmed its expected costs for 2023 to a range of between 5.1 billion and 5.2 billion euros, versus a prior forecast of 5.2 billion euros. The banking sector has been one of the main beneficiaries of rising interest rates over the past two years, but central banks seem to be at the end of this cycle of monetary tightening.
Persons: Robert Swaak Organizations: ABN Amro, Analysts Locations: Netherlands
Nov 9 (Reuters) - A look at the day ahead in Asian markets from Jamie McGeever, financial markets columnist. Producer and consumer price inflation figures will be released, the highlights of a regional calendar that also includes Japanese bank lending, trade and current account figures, Indonesian retail sales, and Philippines GDP. Global yields are moving too - the 10-year Japanese Government Bond yield is back below 0.85%, having come within two basis points of 1% last week. The decline in U.S. bond yields is removing some of the dollar's shine, which in turn is allowing Asian currencies to fight back. Yen traders on Thursday are also eyeing Japanese bank lending figures for October and September's trade and current account report.
Persons: Jamie McGeever, Pan Gongsheng, Ping, Fed's Powell, Josie Kao Organizations: Treasury, People's Bank of China, Financial, Ping An Insurance Group, Reuters, Nissan, Honda, Sony, Group, China PPI, CPI, Thomson Locations: Asia, Philippines, Beijing, China's, Japan, Philippine, China
FRANKFURT, Germany (AP) — The European Central Bank and other policymakers across Europe need to keep interest rates at current elevated levels until they're sure inflation is under control despite sluggish growth, the International Monetary Fund said Wednesday, warning against “premature celebration” as inflation declines from its peak. Alfred Kammer, director of the IMF's Europe department, warned against “premature celebration" as he spoke to journalists in connection with the outlook. The European Central Bank has raised its benchmark deposit rate by fully 4.5 percentage points between July 2022 and September 2023, from minus 0.5% to 4%. If inflation falls faster than expected, it will boost consumer real income and spending and growth might improve. But an escalation of Russia's war against Ukraine and accompanying increased sanctions and disruptions to trade could mean weaker growth.
Persons: Alfred Kammer, Kammer, , Organizations: European Central Bank, International Monetary Fund, ECB, IMF, Ukraine Locations: FRANKFURT, Germany, Europe, Washington, Israel, Gaza
Spot gold was down 0.2% at $1,965.50 per ounce by 0535 GMT after hitting its lowest since Oct. 24 on Tuesday. The dollar extended gains against its rivals, making greenback-priced gold more expensive for other currency holders. So, there's not much of driving catalysts for gold this week," said Ilya Spivak, head of global macro at Tastylive. Investors now look forward to comments from Fed Chair Jerome Powell, who is set to speak on Wednesday and Thursday. Palladium dropped 2.5% to $1,029.12, after hitting its lowest since October 2018 at $1,016.06 earlier in the session.
Persons: Ilya Spivak, Jerome Powell, Powell, Spivak Organizations: Federal Reserve, Economic, of New Locations: U.S, ., of New York, FOMC
The SPDR Gold Shares ETF (GLD.P), which tracks the price of gold, has rallied 9.82% this year, driven by concerns about inflation and economic growth as well as geopolitical turbulence. Yet those gains have not been reflected in the share prices of gold miners: the iShares MSCI Global Gold Miners ETF (RING.O) and the VanEck Gold Miners ETF (GDX.AX), which track the shares of gold producers, are up only 2.28% and 1.7% respectively. "Gold prices can only help so much, if you can't produce the gold in the first place," said Islam. Even Barrick Gold, which reported a 3% gain in gold production in the third quarter, said overall output in 2023 won't meet expectations. "Investors seem very wary of stocks as a whole, and gold miners have been tracking that rather than what's happening in gold itself," said Casanova.
Persons: Shannon Stapleton, Imaru Casanova, Casanova, Roxanna Islam, George Milling, Stanley, Suzanne McGee, Ira Iosebashvili Organizations: United States West Point Mint, REUTERS, Gold Miners, World Gold, Gold, Newmont Corp, State Street Global Advisors, Barrick, Thomson Locations: West Point , New York, Mexico
Morning Bid: Some payback, but bonds hug gains on oil
  + stars: | 2023-11-07 | by ( ) www.reuters.com   time to read: +5 min
The oil price slide was helped by signs from Israel that it's open to pauses in the Gaza fighting. The typically hawkish Minneapolis Fed boss Neel Kashkari insisted it was still too early to take another rate hike off the table. Elsewhere, the Reserve Bank of Australia raised its policy interest rate again, as expected, by another quarter point to a 12-year high of 4.35%. Overall, the global stocks picture reflected some of the cooling of last week's rally and some of the China export numbers. They do not reflect the views of Reuters News, which, under the Trust Principles, is committed to integrity, independence, and freedom from bias.
Persons: Lucas Jackson, Mike Dolan, that's, Neel Kashkari, Christopher Waller, Michael Barr, John Williams, Lorie Logan, Jeffrey Schmid, Zimmer, Jack Henry, Akamai, Christina Fincher Organizations: New York Stock Exchange, REUTERS, Federal Reserve, Treasury, Minneapolis Fed, International Monetary Fund, Reserve Bank of Australia, Asia bourses, UBS, Credit Suisse, Federal Reserve Bank of New, Michael Barr , New York Fed, Dallas Fed, Horton, Mosaic, Emerson Electric, Occidental, Devon Energy, Products, Chemicals, Gen, Fidelity, Reuters, Reuters Graphics, Thomson Locations: New York, U.S, Israel, Gaza, China, Asia, Japan, Hong Kong, Swiss, Canada, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, Michael Barr ,, Lorie Logan , Kansas, eBay, Gilead, Occidental Petroleum
As a result, the local dollar slipped 0.4% to $0.6460 and bond futures rallied as investors lengthened the odds on a further rise in December. "It was a dovish hike...it's not pointing to any immediate need for a follow-up," said Rob Thompson, rates strategist at RBC Capital Markets. "You'd think they'd have opened the door to a bit more than this, but they are just trying to do as little as possible. INFLATION PROVES STUBBORNThis was Bullock's first rate change since taking over as governor in September, and could go some way to burnish her inflation-fighting credentials. Reporting by Wayne Cole Editing by Shri NavaratnamOur Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.
Persons: Michele Bullock, it's, Rob Thompson, Bullock, Wayne Cole, Shri Navaratnam Organizations: Reserve Bank of Australia, RBC Capital Markets, CPI, Australia, Thomson Locations: SYDNEY, United States, Canada, Europe
Share Share Article via Facebook Share Article via Twitter Share Article via LinkedIn Share Article via EmailWe cannot have a Fed that is reacting to yesterday's data all the time, says Mohamed El-ErianMohamed El-Erian, Allianz chief economic advisor and president of Queens' College, Cambridge, joins 'Squawk Box' to discuss the Fed's inflation fight, why he believes the four most important central banks effectively called a 'time out' on policy action over the last two weeks and should use the strategy wisely, economic outlook, and more.
Persons: Mohamed El, Erian Mohamed El Organizations: Erian, Allianz, Queens ' College , Cambridge
The U.S. Federal Reserve, European Central Bank and the Bank of England dramatically hiked rates over the last 18 months in a bid to tame runaway inflation. Reid also highlighted that this is the seventh time this cycle that markets have notably reacted on dovish speculation. "Clearly rates aren't going to keep going up forever, but on the previous 6 occasions we saw hopes for near-term rate cuts dashed every time. In clear, waiting for inflation to reach 2% before cutting rates would be 'overkill,'" Moëc said. However, minutes from last week's meeting reiterated the Monetary Policy Committee's expectations that rates will need to stay higher for longer, with U.K. CPI holding steady at 6.7% in September.
Persons: Jerome Powell, Brendan McDermid, nonfarm payrolls, DBRS Morningstar, Jim Reid chalked, Reid, we've, Gilles Moëc, Moëc, Christine Lagarde, Yannis Stournaras Organizations: Federal Reserve, New York Stock Exchange, U.S . Federal Reserve, European Central Bank, Bank of, Fed, PCE, DBRS, Deutsche Bank, ECB, AXA, National Bank of Greece, of, Bank of England, CPI, BNP Locations: New York City, Bank of England, U.S, Europe
Nov 8 (Reuters) - A look at the day ahead in Asian markets from Jamie McGeever, financial markets columnist. Asian markets on Wednesday should be well-placed to bounce back from the previous day's declines, supported by another positive showing on Wall Street that secured the S&P 500's and Nasdaq's longest winning streak in two years. Tuesday's slide in U.S. Treasury yields will also support risk appetite in Asia, although some of that could be tempered by the dollar's resilience. With little on the regional economic data and policy events calendar to give markets a steer, investors will probably take their cue from Wall Street. The mostly cautious tone from U.S. policymakers on Tuesday should also help support sentiment in Asia on Wednesday.
Persons: Jamie McGeever, WeWork, Softbank, Fed's Powell, Williams, Barr, Cook, Josie Kao Organizations: Treasury, Nasdaq, Monetary Fund, IMF, Aussie, Reserve Bank of, Japan FX, Thomson, Reuters Locations: U.S, Asia, China, Beijing, Reserve Bank of Australia, Jefferson, Japan
Dollar extends drop, still vulnerable after Fed
  + stars: | 2023-11-06 | by ( Samuel Indyk | ) www.reuters.com   time to read: +4 min
The dollar index was hovering around a 6-1/2 week low of 104.84, after falling around 1.4% last week. "You could still see a somewhat weaker dollar in the short-term, but if the (euro-dollar) rally continues it needs to get some fuel from somewhere." JPMorgan analysts say a sustained dollar sell-off would need signs of improvement in the euro zone, China and other regions, which it says are "still tenuous". The latest growth and inflation data from the euro zone and manufacturing surveys from China bear that out. Euro zone recession fears hardened on Monday after a survey showed a downturn in business activity accelerated last month as demand in the services sector weakened further.
Persons: Dado Ruvic, Tina Teng, Dane Cekov, Adrian Prettejohn, Jerome Powell, Nordea's Cekov, Sterling, bitcoin, Samuel Indyk, Rae Wee, Vidya, Kirsten Donovan, Mark Potter Organizations: REUTERS, U.S, Federal, Aussie, CMC Markets, JPMorgan, Economics, European Central Bank, Bank of Japan, Thomson Locations: Auckland, China, U.S
Morning Bid: Rates buzz sustained before Fed loan data
  + stars: | 2023-11-06 | by ( ) www.reuters.com   time to read: +5 min
A street sign for Wall Street is seen in the financial district in New York, U.S., November 8, 2021. Ten-year U.S. Treasury yields have fallen about 50bps from October's peaks and the drop last week was the biggest recoil since March. For now, S&P500 futures are pointing to further slight gains on Monday - which if realized on the cash market later would make for the sixth straight gain and the longest daily run since June. Undermined by the retreat in Treasury yields, the dollar (.DXY) slipped back to the lowest since Sept 20. The backdrop of an easier dollar and Treasury yields provides significant relief for emerging markets, with MSCI's emerging market stock index (.MSCIEF) hitting its highest since Sept 20 too.
Persons: Brendan McDermid, Mike Dolan, Jerome Powell, underscoring, Janet Yellen, Lisa Cook, Huw Pill, Bernadette Organizations: Wall, REUTERS, Federal Reserve, Treasury, U.S, Pacific Rim, South, Ryanair, Europe's, Goodyear Tire &, Aspen, Conterra Energy, Constellation Energy, Diamondback Energy, Vertex Pharmaceuticals, NXP Semiconductors, Bank of England, Reuters, Reuters Graphics Reuters, Thomson Locations: New York, U.S, Gaza, China, Western, San Francisco, South Korean, Asia, Europe, Telesat
Michele Bullock, governor of the Reserve Bank of Australia, said Tuesday, ‘Inflation in Australia has passed its peak but is still too high.’ Photo: Lisa Maree Williams/Bloomberg NewsSYDNEY—The Reserve Bank of Australia raised interest rates in response to stubbornly high inflation, ending a four-month pause and diverging from other major central banks that have signaled they might have price pressures under control. The increase takes Australia’s official cash rate to 4.35%, from 4.10%, representing its highest level in more than a decade. The move was widely expected by economists after inflation in the three months through September showed prices of services, fuel, and rents climbing again.
Persons: Michele Bullock, Lisa Maree Williams Organizations: Reserve Bank of Australia, Bloomberg News SYDNEY, The Reserve Bank of Australia Locations: Australia
The dollar index declined more than 1% last week, its heaviest fall since mid-July and hit a six-week low. World stocks (.MIWD00000PUS) too had their strongest week in a year as expectations the Fed was done raising rates gathered steam. "So it's good then there is expectation for the Fed and other central banks to end the rate hike cycle sooner." Treasury yields slumped last week after softness in U.S. jobs and manufacturing data and after Fed Chair Jerome Powell spoke of 'balanced' risks. The drop in the dollar and yields helped underpin gold at $1,984 , within striking distance of the recent five-month peak of $2,009.
Persons: Dado Ruvic, Tina Teng, Jerome Powell, Teng, Shri Navaratnam, Simon Cameron, Moore, Lincoln Organizations: REUTERS, Rights, U.S, Federal, Aussie, CMC Markets, J.P.Morgan Securities, Treasury, European Central Bank, Bank of, CMC, Bank of Japan, Sterling, Thomson Locations: Rights SINGAPORE, Auckland, China, U.S, Bank of England, bitcoin
Morning Bid: Rate cut prospects fuel stock rally
  + stars: | 2023-11-06 | by ( Wayne Cole | ) www.reuters.com   time to read: +3 min
Nov 6 (Reuters) - A look at the day ahead in European and global markets from Wayne Cole. It's been an upbeat start to the week in Asia as markets cast aside concerns about rate hikes, and go straight to pricing in early cuts. Futures imply an 80% probability the ECB will begin easing as soon as April, and the first BoE rate cut is almost fully priced for August. An outlier here is the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) which might well resume hiking on Tuesday after four months of steady policy outcomes. But expectations were already so low that it's the dollar that has all the downside in the disappointment stakes.
Persons: Wayne Cole, It's, BoE, Ueda, Jerome Powell, Christine Lagarde, Huw Pill, Lisa Cook, Sam Holmes Organizations: Federal, ECB, Bank of Japan, Reserve Bank of Australia, Atlanta, EU, Bank of England, Federal Reserve, Thomson Locations: Wayne, Asia, South Korea, Europe
Dollar steady but stays vulnerable after Fed steer
  + stars: | 2023-11-06 | by ( Vidya Ranganathan | ) www.reuters.com   time to read: +4 min
The dollar index declined more than 1% last week, its heaviest fall since mid-July and hit a six-week low. World stocks (.MIWD00000PUS) too had their strongest week in a year as expectations the Fed was done raising rates gathered steam. "So it's good then there is expectation for the Fed and other central banks to end the rate hike cycle sooner." Treasury yields slumped last week after softness in U.S. jobs and manufacturing data and after Fed Chair Jerome Powell spoke of 'balanced' risks. The drop in the dollar and yields helped underpin gold at $1,990 , within striking distance of the recent five-month peak of $2,009.
Persons: Dado Ruvic, Tina Teng, Jerome Powell, Teng, Shri Navaratnam, Simon Cameron, Moore Organizations: REUTERS, Rights, U.S, Federal, CMC Markets, J.P.Morgan Securities, Treasury, European Central Bank, Bank of, CMC, Bank of Japan, Sterling, Thomson Locations: Rights SINGAPORE, Auckland, China, U.S, Bank of England, bitcoin
Dollar steady but remains vulnerable after Fed steer
  + stars: | 2023-11-06 | by ( ) www.cnbc.com   time to read: +4 min
The dollar index declined more than 1% last week, its heaviest fall since mid-July and hit a six-week low. World stocks too had their strongest week in a year as expectations the Fed was done raising rates gathered steam. Tina Teng, a market analyst at CMC Markets in Auckland, expects the trend to sustain through November. Treasury yields slumped last week after softness in U.S. jobs and manufacturing data and after Fed Chair Jerome Powell spoke of "balanced" risks. The drop in the dollar and yields helped underpin gold at $1,990, within striking distance of the recent five-month peak of $2,009.
Persons: uptrend, Tina Teng, Teng, Jerome Powell, Sterling, bitcoin Organizations: U.S, Federal, Aussie, CMC Markets, JPMorgan Securities, JPMorgan, Treasury, European Central Bank, Bank of, CMC, Bank of Japan Locations: Auckland, China, U.S, Bank of England
The latest Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) figures show that speculators, especially leveraged funds, ramped up their short Treasuries positions in the week ending Oct. 31, most notably at the short end of the curve. That is significantly larger than the peak combined net short position from 2019 of just over 4 million contracts, boosted by fresh record short positions in the two- and five-year space. In October leveraged funds increased their net short position in two-year futures by 242,000 contracts to 1.6 million contracts, and by 193,000 contracts in five-year futures to 1.93 million. They only grew their net short position in 10-year futures by 10,000 contracts, however. But funds play Treasuries futures for other reasons, like relative value trades, and this year, the basis trade.
Persons: Brendan McDermid, Javier Corominas, Treasuries, Jerome Powell, Jamie McGeever, Miral Fahmy, Jonathan Oatis Organizations: New York Stock Exchange, REUTERS, Rights, Futures Trading Commission, Regulators, Reuters, Oxford Economics, Treasury, Citi's, Thomson Locations: New York City, U.S, Rights ORLANDO , Florida, Citi's U.S
An electronic board shows stock indexes at the Lujiazui financial district in Shanghai, China, March 21, 2023. REUTERS/Aly Song/File Photo Acquire Licensing RightsNov 7 (Reuters) - A look at the day ahead in Asian markets from Jamie McGeever, financial markets columnist. This is their best run in a year, powered by easing financial conditions in the form of lower U.S. bond yields and a weaker dollar, and renewed faith in the U.S. economic 'soft landing' scenario. Having under-performed global and developed market benchmarks last week, Asian stocks could be set to outperform this week. Skeptical foreign investors will need more than one month of slowing imports and exports decline though.
Persons: Aly, Jamie McGeever, Goldman Sachs, Deepa Babington Organizations: REUTERS, Bank of Korea, Thomson, Reuters Locations: Shanghai, China, U.S, India, Asia, Taiwan, Philippines, Indonesia, Japan, Australia
High bond yields challenge “Pax Americana”
  + stars: | 2023-11-06 | by ( Hugo Dixon | ) www.reuters.com   time to read: +7 min
There are also many reasons why “Pax Americana” – the period of U.S. dominance since World War Two - is under stress. The combination of high bond yields with a large fiscal deficit and rising sovereign debt is making it harder for politicians to govern the country. If anything, they may have a tougher job to make their fiscal maths add up than the United States because their growth prospects are not as rosy. What’s more, the near-record yield gap with the United States is bringing its own headaches by putting downward pressure on the yuan. These are consolations for the United States as it grapples with the geopolitical consequences of high interest rates.
Persons: Joe Biden, Kevin Lamarque, Joe Biden’s, doesn’t, Liz Truss, haven’t, Paul Tucker, , Fitch, Peter Thal Larsen, Thomas Shum Organizations: Air Force, Joint Base Andrews, REUTERS, Reuters, Federal Reserve, International Monetary Fund, Bank of England, AAA, AA, United, Bank for International, Initiative, Thomson Locations: Lewiston , Maine, Joint Base Andrews , Maryland, U.S, Israel, Ukraine, China, United States, Europe, Asia, Russia, Britain, Washington, Republic
A pedestrian walks past the Bank of England in the City of London, Britain, September 25, 2023. REUTERS/Hollie Adams/File Photo Acquire Licensing RightsCompanies Bank of England FollowLONDON, Nov 6 (Reuters) - The Bank of England told lenders on Monday that they must avoid any risk that customers might confuse new forms of e-money like 'stablecoins' with standard deposits which are guaranteed against bank failures. Stablecoins are a cryptocurrency backed by a traditional currency such as sterling or the U.S. dollar, or an asset. To the extent that systemic payment systems using stablecoins pose similar risks as other systemic payment systems, they should be subject to equivalent regulatory standards, the BoE said. There are no systemic sterling stablecoins, but Tether, issuer of the world's largest stablecoin, pegged to the U.S. dollar and backed by assets including U.S. government debt, said last year it would launch a sterling stablecoin.
Persons: Hollie Adams, BoE, stablecoins, Sheldon Mills, David Milliken, Tom Wilson, Kylie MacLellan, Kirsten Donovan, Bernadette Baum Organizations: Bank of England, City of, REUTERS, Companies Bank of England, U.S ., Financial, European, Thomson Locations: City, City of London, Britain
A man wearing a mask walks past the headquarters of the People's Bank of China, the central bank, in Beijing, China, February 3, 2020. The regional economic and policy events calendar this week is jammed with top-tier releases which are sure to give local assets strong steers, especially from China. China's economic surprises index turned positive three weeks ago but despite stronger-than-expected third quarter GDP growth, that momentum has faded. This week's 'data dump' will give a clearer picture of how the economy started the fourth quarter. Indonesia's quarter-on-quarter growth rate is expected to more than halve to 1.71% from 3.86%, according to a Reuters poll, and annual growth is expected to essentially hold steady just above 5%.
Persons: Jason Lee, Jamie McGeever, Josie Kao Organizations: People's Bank of China, REUTERS, Reserve Bank, Reuters, Bank of Korea, Bank of Japan, Nikkei, Thomson Locations: Beijing, China, Asia, U.S, Thailand, Philippines, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Indonesian, Japan
Foreign bond investors are "extremely concerned" about US deficits, a TD Securities analyst told Insider. The possible dumping of US assets in Japan and China looms large over bond markets. AdvertisementAdvertisementTo be sure, US bond yields retreated sharply over the past week after they hit 17-year highs last month amid a massive bond sell-off. US Treasury demand is hitting another headwind as yields around the world have shot up as well, according to Goldberg. "Europe was at negative interest rates, Japan was at negative interest rates.
Persons: , Gennadiy Goldberg, It's, Goldberg, that's Organizations: TD, Treasury, Service, TD Securities, Fitch, Treasury Department Locations: Japan, China, Europe, Beijing, Tokyo
The dollar tumbled after the data, which showed that the U.S. nonfarm payrolls rose by 150,000 in October, lower than the 180,000 predicted and September's downwardly revised 297,000 figure. MSCI's index of world stocks (.MIWD00000PUS) was last up 0.45%, having traded roughly 0.26% higher before the data. It was on track to finish the week 4.5% higher, which would be the largest weekly rise since November 2022. It traded 0.29% lower at 105.89 before the data. Reuters Graphics"Investors will interpret today’s jobs weak jobs report as a sign that demand is slowing in the labour market," said Richard Flynn, managing director at Charles Schwab UK, in emailed comments.
Persons: Androniki, nonfarm, September's downwardly, Richard Flynn, Charles Schwab, BoE, Samuel Zief, Brent, Harry Robertson, Jacqueline Wong, Miral Fahmy, Mark Heinrich, Alison Williams Organizations: Nikkei, REUTERS, Companies, Federal Reserve, Bank of England, Reuters Graphics, Treasury, JPMorgan Private Bank, U.S . Treasury, Thomson Locations: Tokyo, Japan, U.S, Israel
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