But after investment in critical minerals production jumped 30% last year to $41 billion, having gained 20% in 2021, that picture is looking brighter, the IEA said.
In key battery mineral lithium, the IEA forecasts supply by 2030 will reach 420,000 metric tons - only a touch short of demand estimated at 443,000 to meet government pledges, though well below the 702,000 required for net zero.
Critical mineral start-up firms raised a record $1.6 billion in 2022, up 160% from the previous year, the IEA said.
Demand for critical minerals has surged over the past five years, including a tripling in consumption of lithium and a jump of 70% for cobalt, with the total critical mineral market now worth $320 billion, it said.
Mining companies needed to make more progress in curbing greenhouse gas emissions and water use, the IEA said.
Persons:
Fatih Birol, Pratima Desai
Organizations:
Miners, International Energy Agency, Consultants, Reuters, . Mining, Thomson
Locations:
Paris, China, Indonesia, Congo