Top related persons:
Top related locs:
Top related orgs:

Search resuls for: "Taper"


25 mentions found


Historically, a rate cut has been a signal for central banks in emerging markets, like India, to follow by easing monetary policy in their regions. The latest data shows that the inflation rate appears to be heading in the wrong direction in India. The headline inflation rate rose in August to 3.65% compared to 3.6% in the previous month. Instead, markets have simply hit snooze on a rate cut by the Reserve Bank of India for the moment. If there's no global recession, a risk-on sentiment will likely help push up emerging market equities in the medium term after the U.S. central bank cuts rates.
Persons: Shah, Mahesh Nandurkar, Surendra Goyal, CNBC's, BofA, Banks Organizations: Federal, Reserve Bank of India, Reserve Bank, Capital Economics, India, greenback, Federal Reserve, Jefferies, Bank of America, Citi, India Research, Bank Locations: India, U.S
Digital health company Noom on Thursday announced it will offer a compounded GLP-1 drug as part of a new weight loss product that starts at $149. Noom has offered weight loss programs for years, and consumers can already try to access those branded medications through its platform. Compounded GLP-1 medications are typically much cheaper than their branded counterparts. Most insurance plans cover GLP-1s when they are used to treat diabetes, but coverage of the weight loss drugs is less widespread. Consumers can get started with the Noom GLP-1 RX program by filling out an intake form on the website.
Persons: Wegovy, Noom, Geoff Cook, Cook, Dr, Adonis Saremi, They'll Organizations: CNBC, U.S . Food, Drug Administration, FDA Locations: U.S, United States
A carry trade involves an investor borrowing a currency with low interest rates and reinvesting it in higher-yielding assets elsewhere — taking advantage of that differential to make a financial gain. Investors piled into yen carry trades in recent years, attracted by Japan's low volatility and ultra-loose monetary policy. Global stock markets meanwhile plunged as "safe haven" assets such as the Swiss franc and U.S. Treasurys were bolstered. "You can't unwind the biggest carry trade the world has ever seen without breaking a few heads," Kit Juckes, chief foreign exchange strategist at Societe Generale, said in a Monday note. Trichet told CNBC Tuesday: "The correction can be seen as a healthy correction, in some respects.
Persons: it's, Jean, Claude Trichet, CNBC's, Treasurys, Kit Juckes, Trichet Organizations: European Central Bank, ., Bank of Japan, U.S, Global, Swiss, Societe Generale, CNBC, Federal Locations: France's, U.S, Europe, United States
Hong Kong/London CNN —Japanese shares soared Tuesday, clawing back some of their record losses from the previous day and underpinning a tentative recovery on global markets. Markets around the world plunged during Monday’s session when a combination of fears about a slowing US economy, rising Japanese interest rates and crumbling tech stocks combined to trigger a meltdown. The bounce in Japan is “typical after a market crash,” Neil Newman, head of strategy at Astris Advisory in Tokyo, told CNN. “It is too early to conclude that the Japanese stock market has hit a bottom,” they said, adding that any recovery would likely only occur after Japanese companies report first-half earnings in October, or even after the US presidential election in November. A stronger yenJapan’s stock market, in particular, was hard-hit by the rapid appreciation of the yen, which undermines the export competitiveness of the country’s manufacturers.
Persons: clawing, Kospi, ” Neil Newman, , , Stephen Innes, ” Newman, Newman, Fumio Kishida Organizations: London CNN, Nikkei, Nasdaq, Advisory, CNN, UBS Chief Investment, Moody’s, Bank of Japan, Management, Tokyo “, Traders, Reuters Locations: Hong Kong, London, Asia, South, Taiwan, Europe, Japan, Tokyo, South Korea
Hong Kong/London CNN —Japanese stocks on Monday suffered their biggest daily loss since 1987 as fears about a US economic slowdown sent shock waves through global markets. The Nikkei 225 index of leading stocks in Tokyo lost a staggering 4,451 points, its biggest point drop in history. On the more common, percentage measure, the index closed more than 12% down — according to Reuters, its largest one-day fall since October 1987. He was referring to “Black Monday” in October 1987, when global markets plunged and the Nikkei lost 3,836 points. The Nikkei closed down 5.8% Friday, as traders fretted about the impact of a stronger yen on Japanese companies.
Persons: ” Neil Newman, , Stephen Innes, Newman, Mohit Kumar, Taiwan’s Taiex, Kospi, Innes, Tom Kloza, Bitcoin Organizations: London CNN, Reuters, Advisory, CNN, Nikkei, Federal Reserve, Bank of Japan, Management, Trading, Nasdaq, Dow, Jefferies, Traders, greenback, PMI, Intel, Brent, Oil Price Information Service Locations: Hong Kong, London, Tokyo, Japan, South Korea, , Asia, Europe, South, Shanghai, China, United States
The Nikkei 225 sank 4.5% on Friday, extending a global stock rout that started following the release of weak US economic data. The Bank of Japan (BOJ) raised interest rates by 15 basis points to 0.25% on Wednesday, its second hike this year, and announced plans to taper off its policy of bond buying. ”The hike has narrowed the difference in interest rate between the United States and Japan, which pushed the Japanese yen higher against the greenback. Combined with strong corporate earnings and effective corporate governance reforms, the weak yen propelled the Nikkei 225 to all-time highs this year. “From a Japanese equity perspective, the earnings boost from a weak yen is set to diminish,” Citi analysts said on Thursday.
Persons: , Ken Cheung, Frank Benzimra, Korea’s, Australia’s Organizations: Hong Kong CNN — Japan’s Nikkei, Nikkei, Bank of Japan, Traders, Mizuho Securities, greenback, Societe Generale, ” Citi, Dow, Nasdaq, Labor Department, , ” ANZ, Federal Reserve Locations: Hong Kong, United States, Japan, Asia, Shanghai
Bank of Japan raises benchmark interest rate
  + stars: | 2024-07-31 | by ( ) www.cnbc.com   time to read: 1 min
Share Share Article via Facebook Share Article via Twitter Share Article via LinkedIn Share Article via EmailBank of Japan raises benchmark interest rateJapan's central bank has raised its benchmark interest rate to around 0.25% from it previous range of 0% to 0.1% and outlined its plan to taper its bond buying program.
Organizations: Email Bank of Japan
Yen braces for BOJ decision with risk events aplenty
  + stars: | 2024-07-31 | by ( ) www.cnbc.com   time to read: +4 min
That is followed by inflation readings in France and the wider euro zone later in the day, alongside the Federal Reserve's policy decision, which takes center stage. With plenty of risk events to mark the month-end, currency moves were largely subdued in early Asia trade as investors were hesitant to take on fresh positions. "We anticipate that the BOJ will increase interest rates to around 0.25% at the upper limit." "A rate hike could help stabilize the yen's current levels, whereas the absence of a rate hike may trigger renewed selling pressure driven by carry trades." The yen similarly made headway against other currencies, with the euro falling 0.07% to 165.07 yen and the Australian dollar slipping 0.12% to 99.80 yen.
Persons: Gregor Hirt, Sterling eked, Julien Lafargue Organizations: Bank of Japan, Federal, CIO, Allianz Global Investors, Traders, Barclays Private Bank, New Zealand Locations: Bank, France, Asia
LONDON — European markets looked set to maintain positive momentum on Wednesday, with euro zone inflation due and corporate earnings still in focus. On the data front, inflation figures for the euro zone will be published at 10 a.m. London time. It comes after second-quarter gross domestic product for the euro zone came in at 0.3% on Tuesday, slightly higher than expected. In the U.S., the Federal Reserve is expected to keep interest rates steady on Thursday. In Asia, all eyes are on the Bank of Japan as it raised its benchmark interest rate to 0.25% from its previous range of 0% to 0.1% and outlined a plan to taper its bond buying program.
Organizations: HSBC, Adidas, Kanye, Federal Reserve, Bank of Japan Locations: London, U.S, Asia
CNBC Daily Open brings investors up to speed on everything they need to know, no matter where they are. Nvidia pulled back 7% and Microsoft fell 0.9% during the normal session before reporting earnings after the bell. Still, Microsoft beat estimates as quarterly revenue increased 15% from a year ago to $64.73 billion and net income rose to $22.04 billion. Starbucks missStarbucks' quarterly revenue slid 1% to $9.11 billion, missing forecasts as same-store sales declined for the second straight quarter. The South Korean tech giant said sales of high-end memory chips used in servers will continue to be strong.
Organizations: CNBC, New York Stock Exchange, New York City . Bank of Japan, U.S . Federal, Bank of, Nasdaq, megacaps Meta, Apple, Dow Jones, Nvidia, Microsoft, Fed, Microsoft Microsoft, Bank of Japan, Nikkei, Seng, Samsung, Samsung Electronics, Revenue, South, Reading, Fed Stock, Federal Reserve Locations: New York City, Bank of Japan, U.S, China, Shanghai
The Bank of Japan headquarters (top C) is seen in Tokyo on December 19, 2023. Japan's central bank has raised its benchmark interest rate to "around 0.25%" from it previous range of 0% to 0.1% and outlined its plan to taper its bond buying program. The BOJ said it will continue to raise the policy interest rate and adjust the degree of monetary accommodation, assuming its economic outlook is realized. As of its March release, the bank said that purchases of JGB's amounted to about 6 trillion yen per month. The BOJ's JGB holdings currently stand at a whopping 579 trillion yen as of July 19, according to CNBC's calculations.
Organizations: Bank of Japan, The Bank of Japan Locations: Tokyo, Japan's
Read previewAll eyes are on Meta Platforms with the company set to report its second-quarter earnings results after the market close on Wednesday. AdvertisementHere's what Wall Street expects from Meta's second-quarter earnings report. Looking forward, Post highlighted that a potential TikTok ban in early 2025 could provide a big boost to Meta's advertising business. Advertisement"With political spend, and potential TikTok ban in 1Q'25, Meta could also see an ad spend benefit in 2H'24," Post said. The company also has the potential to offer guidance on the monetization potential of its licensing of Llama, its open-source large language model.
Persons: , Meta, Justin Post, Ronald Josey, Josey, Wells, Wells Fargo, Ken Gawrelski, Gawrelski, Mizuho, James Lee, Lee, Mandeep Singh, Singh Organizations: Service, Meta, Nvidia, it's, Business, Bank of America, Citi, Cannes, Mizuho, Bloomberg Intelligence Locations: monetizing, Wells Fargo
Javier Ghersi | Moment | Getty ImagesJapan's central bank kicks off its July monetary policy meeting on Tuesday, with traders focused on its decision on interest rate and government bond purchases. Economists polled by Reuters expect the BOJ to increase its benchmark interest rate to 0.1% from the current range of 0% to 0.1%. BOJ Governor Kazuo Ueda said in June that the central bank could raise rates "depending on economic, price and financial data and information available at the time," Reuters reported. "Our decision on bond-buying taper and interest rate hikes are two different things," Ueda told the country's parliament. The headline inflation rate has been above the BOJ's 2% target for more than two years.
Persons: Javier Ghersi, Kazuo Ueda, Ueda, Bond Organizations: Bank of, Reuters, ING, Bank of America, realty, Bank of Japan, Japanese Trade Union Confederation Locations: Japan, Bank of Japan
Despite its progressive intentions, the tax failed to raise sufficient revenue for the monarch, as people boarded up their windows to lower their tax liability. Window tax was a property tax based on the number of windows in a house. In addition, the minister also lifted capital gains for stock market investors who cash in within a year from 15% to 20%. While the tax raises more than £3 billion ($3.9 billion) annually, it has given birth to far riskier forms of speculation while simultaneously hurting the stock market. However, given the lofty valuations that Indian stock markets currently trade, the tax to skim the excesses might be a positive development over the longer term.
Persons: Nirmala Sitharaman, Ajay Aggarwal, King William III of, Mike Kemp, Upasana Chachra, Morgan Stanley, Siddhartha Khemka, Motilal Oswal, Michael Langham, Abrdn, it's, JPMorgan's Jahangir Aziz, Aziz, Raghuram Rajan, Suman Bery, Bery Organizations: Union Finance, Budget Press Conference, National Media Centre, Hindustan Times, Getty Images, Getty, Budget, Motilal, Institute for Fiscal Studies, Reuters, CNBC, Health, Reserve Bank of India Locations: DELHI, INDIA, New Delhi, India, Mayfair, London, United Kingdom, England, Britain, Kerala, Malaysia, Nipah
Yen rises as carry trades unwind, risk sentiment takes a hit
  + stars: | 2024-07-25 | by ( ) www.cnbc.com   time to read: +2 min
The yen drew support from unwinding carry trades on Thursday ahead of next week's Bank of Japan (BOJ) policy meeting and as a rotation out of megacap growth stocks dampened risk appetite broadly and provided some safe haven bids. "It's also the fact that risk sentiment is deteriorating, and that's helped (the yen) as well... You've got unwind in the tech trade, you've got unwind in the carry yen trade...you've got the Nikkei, as well, unwinding." Japanese Finance Minister Shunichi Suzuki and top currency diplomat Masato Kanda both refrained from commenting on the yen's recent sharp rise. The New Zealand dollar similarly fell 0.24% to $0.5915.
Persons: Tony Sycamore, It's, that's, You've, you've, Shunichi Suzuki, Masato Kanda, Sterling Organizations: week's Bank of Japan, New, Reuters, IG, Nikkei, Japanese Finance, PMI, Traders, Federal, Australian, New Zealand Locations: New Zealand, U.S, Down
Dollar adrift ahead of U.S. inflation test; sterling firms
  + stars: | 2024-07-11 | by ( ) www.cnbc.com   time to read: +3 min
The dollar fell a touch on Thursday although moves were largely subdued ahead of a U.S. inflation report due later in the day, while sterling firmed on receding expectations for an August rate cut from the Bank of England (BoE). The dollar fell a touch on Thursday although moves were largely subdued ahead of a U.S. inflation report due later in the day, while sterling firmed on receding expectations for an August rate cut from the Bank of England. BoE Chief Economist Huw Pill on Wednesday said price pressures in Britain's economy were persistent and that the timing of a first rate cut was an "open question". His colleague Catherine Mann signalled she is unlikely to vote for an interest rate cut in August. Against the greenback, the euro gained 0.04% to $1.0834, and the Aussie dollar rose 0.01% to $0.6754.
Persons: BoE, Huw Pill, Catherine Mann, Carol Kong, Jerome Powell Organizations: Bank of England, Monetary, ANZ, MPC, Commonwealth Bank of Australia, Federal Reserve, U.S, New Zealand, Reserve Bank of New, Bank of Japan Locations: U.S, Asia, Japan
She had also agreed to be a bridesmaid in a close friend's wedding. But when the bridal party started planning a long weekend bachelorette trip, Carson had to put her personal finances first. When the bride suggested Carson could pick up a side hustle to pay for the trip, "my jaw dropped," she says. I realized that she was gonna hold that grudge for forever and I didn't really have interest in being friends with someone who couldn't be empathetic about that situation. Over 20% of Americans say they've ended a friendship over money disputes, according to a recent survey from fintech firm Bread Financial.
Persons: Carson, didn't, they've, It's, it's, Lindsay Bryan, Podvin, Bread, overspend, Bryan, They'd Organizations: CNBC, Bread Locations: Carson
Suffice it to say, I was eager to test the Silk & Snow Wooden Bed frame. Silk & Snow Wooden Bed Frame The Silk & Snow Wooden Bed Frame is a reasonably priced bed frame made of sustainable wood that doesn’t require any tools or screws for assembly. AdvertisementThe Silk & Snow wooden bed frame uses a tool-free Japanese joinery techniqueEach piece of the wooden bed neatly frame slots together, using the Japanese joinery technique. Alex Temblador/Business InsiderThe king-sized Silk & Snow Wooden Bed Frame arrived in three large, heavy boxes. Alex Temblador/Business InsiderThe Silk & Snow Bed Frame is proof that a Japanese joinery-style wooden bed frame doesn't have to be expensive.
Persons: I'd, Read, Albert Chow, Kenneth Mo, Snow, Veritree, Alex Temblador, wasn't, haven't Organizations: Business, Thuma Locations: California, Canadian, Toronto, Southeast Asia, Vietnam
Read previewBarry Sternlicht became a real estate billionaire by snapping up commercial properties on the cheap during market downturns. The 63-year-old Miami-based executive, who built his firm Starwood Capital into a more than $100 billion real estate investment behemoth, has now found himself on the flipside of that formula. The situation is a reversal of fortune for Sternlicht, who is more used to capitalizing on real estate dips than becoming entangled in them. But investor sentiment darkened as interest rates rose and put pressure on real estate asset values. "They're concerned that there may be more markdowns in net asset value if interest rates stay higher for longer.
Persons: , Barry Sternlicht, SREIT, Sternlicht, Matt Malone, REITs, Malone, Kevin Gannon, Gannon, Jon Mechanic, Fried Frank, Mechanic, Barry Organizations: Service, Starwood Capital, Starwood, Income Trust, Business, Federal Reserve, Shareholders, Westin, Caesars, Opto Investments Locations: Miami, Vegas, SREIT
Read previewFor Hannah Kristin, the last day of the workweek has a new name: Hair Mask Fridays. Sure, there were spurts of relaxed Fridays in manufacturing and Friday after-work drinking culture, but since the 1990s Fridays have been pretty much like every other day, according to Bloom. "And then from 2021 onwards, it started to become the WFH day. "Personally, I don't mind it, but driving in rush hour traffic every day twice a day is just not my favorite thing," she said. Are you completing side quests on WFH Fridays?
Persons: , Hannah Kristin, Kristin, It's, Tom Colella, Colella, they're, Nicholas Bloom, Bloom, Michele Allard, Sara Daigle, hybridly, Daigle, Gen Organizations: Service, Business, BI, Placer.ai, Stanford University, Daigle Locations: Chicago, New York City, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Dallas
Sales of homes priced below $100,000 fell 7.1% year over year, while sales of those priced over $1 million jumped 40%. The median price of an existing home sold in April was $407,600, an increase of 5.7% year over year. The median price in the Northeast was $458,500, up 8.5% year over year. The median price in the West was $629,600, up 9.3% from April 2023. Correction: The supply of homes priced at more than $1 million was up 34% year over year.
Persons: Lawrence Yun, Yun Organizations: National Association of Realtors, Realtors Locations: Issaquah Highlands, Issaquah , Washington, US, Midwest, West
US President Gerald Ford dances with Britain's Queen Elizabeth II during a state dinner in Washington, DC, in 1976. Jason Reed/Reuters The White House's State Dining Room is seen ahead of a state dinner honoring French President Emmanuel Macron in 2018. Paisley first performed at the White House in 2009 during the Obama administration as part of a music series. “Tomorrow night we’ve created an experience that will feature the beautiful scenes of the White House and the Washington Monument that few get to enjoy,” White House social secretary Carlos Elizondo said. Event planner Bryan Rafanelli also helped the White House plan for the state dinner.
Persons: Brad Paisley, Joe Biden, Jill Biden, William Ruto, Rachel Ruto, , Howard, “ Brad Paisley, Dr . Biden, Ruto’s, Biden, Ruto, ” Biden, George W, Bush, Gerald Ford, Queen Elizabeth II, Ricardo Thomas, Gerald R, Franklin D, Roosevelt, Enrique Penaranda, Penaranda, Matthew Costello, George R, Nikita Khrushchev, He's, Nina, Dwight D, Eisenhower, Mamie Eisenhower, Costello, John F, Kennedy, Habib Bourguiba, Jackie, Moufida, Bill Allen, Lyndon B, Johnson, Errol W, Barrow, Carolyn, Richard Nixon, Leonid Brezhnev, Charles Tasnadi, Betty Ford, Jordan's King Hussein, David Hume Kennerly, Betty Sherrill, Britain's Queen Elizabeth II, Jimmy Carter, Deng Xiaoping, Cho Lin, Carter, Nancy Reagan, Indira Gandhi, Mikhail Gorbachev, Joe DiMaggio, Ronald Reagan, Reagan, Boris Yeltsin, Naina, George H.W, George H.W . Bush, Barbara, Dirck Halstead, Singer Whitney Houston, Nelson Mandela, Ron Sachs, Bill Clinton, Hillary Clinton, Mandela, Zindzi, Wally McNamee, Corbis, Bill Frist, Lynne Cheney, Dick Cheney, Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, Pablo Martinez Monsivais, Laura Bush, Prince Philip, Itzhak Perlman, Saul Loeb, Barack Obama, Michelle Obama, Manmohan Singh, Gursharan Kaur, Pete Souza, White, Obama, Singh, Jason Reed, Emmanuel Macron, Donald Trump, Melania Trump, Macron, Brigitte, Jabin, Scott Morrison, Joshua Roberts, Paisley, ‘ Wake, Martin Luther, ’ ”, ” Jill Biden, we’ve, Carlos Elizondo, Cris Comerford, Bryan Rafanelli, April’s, Fumio Kishida, Yuko Kishida, CNN’s Sam Fossum Organizations: Washington CNN —, Howard Gospel Choir, White, CNN, Kenyan, Ford Presidential Library, United, White House, Historical Association, Washington Post, Getty, Barbados, AP, Indian, New York Times, Singer, South, Trump, Australian, Paisley, Japanese Locations: Kenya, United States, , Ghana, Africa, Russia, Namibia, Washington , DC, Bolivian, Soviet, George H.W ., toasts, Nashville, Washington
Soaking storms will shift east on Friday and target more of the Gulf Coast after rumbling to life Thursday afternoon in parts of Texas. Floods deluge roads: Several roads closing in northern and eastern Bosque County, Texas due to water over crossings or bridges. More than a dozen school districts closed: The Houston Independent School District has announced campuses will be closed on Friday and will reopen next week. Schools will reopen on Monday, May 20,” the school district said in a message on Facebook. A handful of Houston-area school districts announced they would close Friday as well, including Aldine Independent School District, Channelview Independent School District and Cypress-Fairbanks Independent School District.
Persons: Mary Benton, Samuel Peña, Houston Mayor John Whitmire, Houstonians, Seth Waller, Bell County . Organizations: CNN, Houston Fire Department, Texas -, Florida Panhandle, National Weather Service, Hyatt, CenterPoint Energy, Houston Mayor, Houston, College Station, Houston Independent School, HISD, City of, Facebook, Aldine Independent School District, Channelview Independent School District, Fairbanks Independent School District Locations: Texas, Louisiana, Houston, Gulf, Mississippi, Alabama, Texas - Louisiana, Georgia, Florida, New Orleans, Baton Rouge and New Orleans, Hyatt Regency, Bryan, College, Bosque County , Texas, Bell County, Bell County . McLennan, Falls, City of Houston, Cypress
More than 100,000 are also in the dark in Louisiana as storms batter the state, as well. Parts of Texas and western Louisiana are under a rare Level 4 of 4 high risk of excessive rainfall Thursday, the Weather Prediction Center said. Major flooding has prompted water rescues in at least one Texas city. Texas and Louisiana have been in the bull’s-eye of seemingly unrelenting rounds of torrential, flooding downpours since the start of April. A tornado warning had been issued earlier Thursday evening in Harris County, including downtown Houston, according to the National Weather Service.
Persons: Samuel Peña, John Whitmire, Houston Mayor John Whitmire, Houstonians, what’s, Hurricane Harvey Organizations: CNN, Houston Fire, Hyatt, Weather Prediction, WPC, National Weather Service, Houston, KPRC, Houston Astros, Oakland Athletics, Houston Mayor, Centerpoint, METRO, Training, Florida Panhandle, Regional Climate Center ., Hurricane Locations: Houston, Hyatt Regency, Texas, Louisiana, Bryan, United States, Georgia, Waco, Mississippi, Lake Charles , Louisiana, Harris County, Harris, city’s, Gulf, Alabama, Florida, Shreveport , Louisiana
New York CNN —Wednesday’s Federal Reserve policy decision will likely be pretty boring for investors — officials are widely expected to keep interest rates the same, just as they have since July 2023. They think that the Fed may curtail its quantitative tightening (QT) program — that’s the selling off of its assets to decrease money supply and increase interest rates — by as much as half. Those purchases ended up pushing down interest rates in certain parts of the economy, like housing and auto sales. That led to a “repo crisis”, where the interest rates for overnight loans between banks spiked unusually high. That’s because a taper should send bond prices higher, and interest rates lower.
Persons: there’s, Jamie Dimon, Jerome Powell doesn’t, Krishna Guha, Marco Casiraghi, , Bill Adams, Biden, reclassify, General Merrick Garland, Xochitl Hinojosa, , Nancy Mace, Earl Blumenauer, ” Read, Zhao, Allison Morrow, ” Binance Organizations: CNN Business, Bell, New York CNN, Fed, JPMorgan Chase, Comerica Bank, Bank of America, CNN, US Department of Justice, Federal Register, Congress, Associated Press, Republican, CZ, Binance, Bloomberg Locations: New York, South Carolina, Oregon, Seattle
Total: 25