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☆ The fertility crisis is here and it will permanently alter the economy
▼ + stars: | 2024-06-25 | by ( Nicole Goodkind | ) edition.cnn.com time to read: +10 min

In the 1960s, there were six people of working age for every retired person, according to the World Economic Forum. “What you’re seeing is increased spending on programs like Medicare and Social Security as the baby boomers are aging into those programs. And then of course, fewer workers relative to the number of people who are receiving Social Security and Medicare benefits,” said Dahl. Social Security payments still provide about 90% of income for more than a quarter of older adults in the United States, according to Social Security Agency surveys. But without intervention, the Social Security trust fund will be depleted by the mid-2030s, meaning that only a portion of retirees’ expected benefits will be paid out.

Persons: it’s, Louis, Simona Paravani, ”, Elon Musk, Kimberly, Clark, Mark Schneider, he’s, Emmanuel Macron, Donald Trump, Molly Dahl, Dahl, Eric Schmidt, ” Schmidt, Goldman Sachs, Stefano Scarpetta, Li Qiang, Juliana Liu, Joyce Jiang, Li, China’s, Xi Jinping, Biden, Max Prosecutors, haven’t, Max, Read Organizations: London CNN, Organisation for Economic Co, Development, Economic, Federal Reserve Bank of St, BlackRock, Disease Control, Congressional Budget Office, CBO, Social Security, Social, Social Security Agency, Google, Summit, Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, OECD, ” Companies, West Chinese, CNN, EV, Prosecutors, Boeing, Max, US Justice Department, Alaska Air, Justice Department, Federal Aviation Administration Locations: Chad, Niger, Somalia, Samoa, Tonga, Tajikistan, United States, London, China, Beijing, Dalian, Canada, Beijing’s “

☆ As a single mom. I thought I had to be 'both parents' for my son. I finally realized we had everything we needed.
▼ + stars: | 2024-04-27 | by ( Ashley Archambault | ) www.businessinsider.com time to read: +4 min

As a single mom, I didn't want my son to feel different from the other kids who lived with both of their parents or had siblings. In order to make sure my son was getting what I thought he needed, I set the parenting bar way too high for myself. I had never planned on being a single mom, and it took me a long time to accept my role. Related storiesI thought things would be easier with a partner, and for a little while, I wanted more children. AdvertisementI packed our schedule too muchI padded our schedule with events to shield us from loneliness, but in retrospect, my son didn't need that.

Persons: Ashley Archambault Organizations: Service, Business

☆ Hong Kong already has a national security law. Now its leader is pushing for another one
▼ + stars: | 2024-01-30 | by ( Nectar Gan | ) edition.cnn.com time to read: +5 min

Hong Kong CNN —Hong Kong on Tuesday formally began the process of enacting a controversial homegrown national security law in a move that could have deep ramifications for the city’s status as a global financial hub. Beijing’s national security crackdown of recent years has transformed once-freewheeling Hong Kong, silencing almost all dissent and jailing dozens of political opponents. Under Hong Kong’s mini-constitution agreed by the two powers, the city is required to enact laws to prohibit acts that endanger national security. “Foreign agents and Hong Kong independence ideas are still lurking in Hong Kong society.”Hong Kong Chief Executive John Lee speaks during a press conference at government headquarters in Hong Kong on January 30, 2024. The new security law could bring further uncertainty for Hong Kong, which is striving to maintain its status as Asia’s premier financial hub following three years of strict Covid restrictions and Beijing’s national security crackdown.

Persons: Hong, it’s, John Lee, ”, It’s, we’ve, ” Lee, Lee, Peter Parks, Chris Tang, ” Tang, Tang Organizations: Hong Kong CNN, Tuesday, Hong, CIA, British, Getty Locations: Hong Kong, Beijing, China, AFP, Hong Kong’s, East, West

☆ Released hostages, detainees may face severe psychological effects, experts say
▼ + stars: | 2023-11-28 | by ( Jacqueline Howard | ) edition.cnn.com time to read: +10 min

CNN —Newly freed hostages and detainees may experience a range of layered psychological impacts including anxiety, depression, disorientation, grief, post-traumatic stress and survivor’s guilt as they return home and beyond the Israel-Hamas truce, experts say. Over the first four days, Hamas released 69 hostages and Israel freed 150 Palestinians from prison, many of whom were detained but never charged. Eth has not been involved in the hostages’ care, but he said that those who have been released may undergo medical evaluations that might include “very careful” psychological and psychiatric evaluations. Those evaluations could involve looking for signs of traumatic brain injury, post-traumatic stress disorder or other psychological conditions. “Some might look like they’re doing very well, like they’re resilient early on, and then develop serious symptoms later.

Persons: ”, Spencer, they’re, Abigail Edan, Noam, Emily Hand, —, “, Ani Kalayjian, ” Kalayjian, Walter Busuttil, CNN’s Kim Brunhuber, ” Busuttil, ‘, ” Dollberg, CNN’s Laila Harrak, Dr, Sanjay Gupta, I’m, ’, ” CNN’s Lauren Izso, Alex Stambaugh Organizations: CNN, Spencer Eth, Miami VA Healthcare, University of Miami, Eth, ” Eth, United Nations, National Institute of Mental Health, Academic College of Tel, ” Israel’s Ministry of Welfare and Social Affairs, Israel Defense Forces, Get CNN, CNN Health Locations: Israel, Alma, Gaza, Academic College of Tel Aviv

☆ New Slovak government eyes tax, spending hikes, slow deficit reduction
▼ + stars: | 2023-11-13 | by ( ) www.reuters.com time to read: +2 min

Slovakia's newly appointed Prime Minister Robert Fico attends the new cabinet's inauguration, at the Presidential Palace in Bratislava, Slovakia, October 25, 2023. The programme promised a special tax on banking profits and measures to cut interest rates on mortgages. The programme also set out plans for increasing tax levels for higher earners, on real estate -- especially second and third homes -- and on alcohol and tobacco. The goal is to help fund a slow consolidation of the public budget as the budget gap is expected to be nearly 7% of gross domestic product. ($1 = 0.9373 euros)Reporting by Jan Lopatka in Prague, Editing by Timothy HeritageOur Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.

Persons: Slovakia's, Robert Fico, Radovan Stoklasa, Fico, Erik Tomas, Jan Lopatka, Timothy Organizations: REUTERS, Ukraine, European, Social, European Union, Timothy Heritage, Thomson Locations: Bratislava, Slovakia, European Union, Ukraine, Prague

☆ Candidates for Indonesia's presidential election
▼ + stars: | 2023-10-18 | by ( ) www.reuters.com time to read: +6 min

A recent poll of potential candidates by Lembaga Survei Indonesia showed Prabowo top with the support of 34% support. After losing the 2019 election, Jokowi appointed Prabowo defence minister, a move analysts say helped heal divisions. Prabowo chairs the Great Indonesia Movement (Gerindra) party, which endorsed him as its presidential candidate last year. Erick Thohir - A businessman-turned-politician who once owned Italian football giant Inter Milan, Erick, 53, heads Indonesia's football association and serves as State Owned Enterprises Minister. Khofifah Indar Parawansa - One of Indonesia's most prominent female politicians, the popular, 58-year-old East Java governor has been courted by all three presidential candidates.

Persons: Ganjar Pranowo, Mohammad Mahfud Mahmodin, Antara, PRABOWO SUBIANTO, Joko Widodo, Jokowi, Prabowo, Gibran Rakabuming Raka, Gibran, Erick Thohir, Erick, Indar, Khofifah, Ganjar, Mahfud, BASWEDAN, Anies, Basuki Tjahaja, Muhaimin, Imin, Abdurrahman Wahid, Gus Dur, Ananda Teresia, Stanley Widianto, Martin Petty Organizations: Indonesian Democratic Party, Struggle, Lembaga, Great Indonesia Movement, Inter Milan, State Owned Enterprises, Ulama, Indonesia's, Indonesian Democratic Party of, Israel, Islamic Prosperous Justice Party, National Awakening Party, Thomson Locations: Jakarta, Indonesia, JAKARTA, Surakarta, Italian, Central Java, Jokowi, Chinese, East Java

☆ Indonesia ex-agriculture minister named as graft suspect
▼ + stars: | 2023-10-12 | by ( ) www.reuters.com time to read: +1 min

South Sulawesi governor Syahrul Yasin Limpo is pictured before meeting with legislative members in Makassar, March 14, 2014. Syahrul Yasin Limpo, who resigned last week after KPK raids on his multiple houses and ministry, said via his lawyer that he will cooperate with the investigation. KPK named Limpo as a suspect for allegedly instructing two colleagues to force officials to pay him at most $10,000 in exchange for positions or participation in procurement projects at the ministry. Limpo is the sixth minister in Jokowi's cabinet to face corruption allegations. Earlier this year, authorities arrested the then communications minister on corruption charges.

Persons: Syahrul Yasin Limpo, Yusuf Ahmad, Joko Widodo's, KPK, Limpo, Johanis Tanak, Johanis, Jokowi, Ananda Teresia, Stanley Widianto, Michael Perry Organizations: REUTERS, Rights, Thomson Locations: Sulawesi, Makassar, INDONESIA, Rights JAKARTA

Some experts caution that progress may be slow, noting parts of Germany's administrative machinery are already creaking under a big backlog of existing citizenship applications. German citizenship is not a condition of employment for migrants, but Germany wants to establish itself as a migration destination for foreign talent, like the U.S. and Canada, and Berlin hopes the prospect of a smoother, quicker path to German nationality will attract skilled migrants. But with German authorities already overwhelmed by thousands of backlogged naturalisation applications, some experts doubt the reforms can quickly achieve their main goal of luring global talent to fill hundreds of thousands of vacancies. Migrants complain of long waits even for a first citizenship consultation appointment. "Even with this reform in Germany, access to citizenship is still much easier in traditional immigration countries like Canada.

Persons: Fabrizio Bensch, Holger Kolb, Kolb, Mediendienst Intergation, Nancy Faeser, Tariq Tabbara, Tabbara, Riham Alkousaa, William Maclean Organizations: Office of Health, Social Affairs, REUTERS, Rights, Integration, Reuters, Berlin University of Economics, Law, Thomson Locations: Berlin, Germany, U.S, Canada, Turkey, Europe, Germany's, Cologne, Dresden, Bielefeld, Hamburg, Munich, Chemnitz

☆ Will AI be an economic blessing or curse? History offers clues
▼ + stars: | 2023-08-07 | by ( Mark John | ) www.reuters.com time to read: +6 min

Backers of AI predict a productivity leap that will generate wealth and improve living standards. The productivity gains it was once lauded for have slowed across many economies. In a globalised economy, there are other reasons to doubt whether the potential gains of AI will be felt evenly. That is just one of several factors that will help determine how AI shapes our economic lives - from antitrust policies that ensure healthy competition among AI suppliers through to re-training of workforces. "The question is: will AI exacerbate existing inequalities or could it actually help us get back to something much fairer?"

Persons: Richard Erkhov, Yiannis, Simon Johnson, Johnson, Daron Acemoglu, jenny, Natixis, Stefano Scarpetta, MIT's Johnson, Mary Towers, Eva Mathews, Mark John, Catherine Evans Organizations: REUTERS, MIT Sloan School of Management, McKinsey, Hollywood, Reuters, Labour, Social Affairs, Economic Cooperation, Development, UN, POWER, Britain's Trades Union, OECD, Thomson Locations: Pascal, Nicosia, Cyprus, U.S, American, Paris, Bengaluru

☆ Are U.S. seniors among the developed world's poorest? It depends on your point of view
▼ + stars: | 2023-08-05 | by ( Greg Iacurci | ) www.cnbc.com time to read: +6 min

Peopleimages | E+ | Getty ImagesIs old-age income poverty too high? Consider this thought exercise: What is a tolerable poverty rate among American seniors? This ranks the U.S. behind 30 other countries in the 38-member bloc, which collectively has an average poverty rate of 13.1%. That old-age income poverty rate has declined by over two-thirds in the past five decades, according to the Congressional Research Service. Researchers seem to agree that a looming Social Security funding shortfall is perhaps the most pressing issue facing U.S. seniors.

Persons: Andrew Reilly, Reilly, Mitchell, David Blanchett, —, Zhe Li, Joseph Dalaker, hurtling, Olivia Mitchell, Blanchett Organizations: Organization for Economic Co, U.S, Employment, Labour, Social Affairs, Social Security, OECD, Security, Census, Congressional Research Service, CRS, Prudential Financial, Social, Insurance Trust Fund, Olivia Mitchell University of Pennsylvania, Pension Research, Social Security Administration Locations: U.S, Mexico, that's, PGIM, American

☆ Norway, Finland battle rapid spread of bird flu
▼ + stars: | 2023-07-28 | by ( Louise Rasmussen | ) www.reuters.com time to read: +2 min

[1/2] People wearing protective suits collect dead birds, as there is a major outbreak of bird flu, in Vadso municipality in Finnmark in Norway, July 20,2023. Oyvind Zahl Arntzen/NTB/via REUTERS/File PhotoCOPENHAGEN, July 28 (Reuters) - Norway and Finland face record outbreaks of bird flu this year which have killed thousands of seagulls and other species, put livestock at risk and restricted travel in some areas, officials said. Avian influenza, commonly called bird flu, has circulated throughout Europe in recent years, leading to a cull in May and June of millions of birds on French farms alone and affecting the supply of poultry meat and eggs. The H5N1 virus strain has spread among poultry and wild birds for years but there have been sporadic outbreaks reported globally in mammals such as cats, mink and otters. Neighbouring Finland also said wild birds were heavily affected and that the H5N1 strain has now been found in 20 fur farms, up from 12 earlier this week.

Persons: Oyvind Zahl, Ole, Herman Tronerud, Louise Breusch Rasmussen, Terje Solsvik, Toby Chopra Organizations: Norwegian Food Safety Authority, Norwegian Food, World Health, Thomson Locations: Vadso, Finnmark, Norway, COPENHAGEN, Finland, Europe, Norway's Finnmark, Norwegian

☆ Hunger haunts Ethiopia's Tigray region after years of war
▼ + stars: | 2023-07-10 | by ( Dawit Endeshaw | ) www.reuters.com time to read: +4 min

MEKELLE, Ethiopia, July 10 (Reuters) - Curled up on a hospital bed in Ethiopia's northern Tigray region, an emaciated little girl struggles to breathe, as her father softly strokes her gaunt face and her mother sits crying. Her doctor says she is dying, a new victim of an acute food shortage in a region blighted by two years of war and struggling with drought. [1/9]Woldegebrial Abadi, 36, holds the hands of his severely malnourished newborn son Berhanu Woldegebrial at the Samre Hospital, in Samre, Tigray Region, Ethiopia, June 23, 2023. REUTERS/Tiksa NegeriAid flows to Tigray resumed after the November ceasefire but were temporarily halted earlier this year. The Ethiopian government spokesperson did not respond to a Reuters request for comment on rising levels of hunger in the Tigray region or the resumption of aid flows to the area.

Persons: gaunt, Tsige Shishay, Teklay Hagos, Mekelle, Abadi, Berhanu Woldegebrial, Gebrehiwot, Getachew Reda, Gebremiskel, Woldesilassie Gebremedhin, gesturing, Giulia Paravicini, Estelle Shirbon, Edmund Blair Organizations: Reuters, Food Programme, Samre, REUTERS, Tiksa, WFP, U.S . Agency for International Development, USAID, Disaster Risk Management, Ethiopian, Twitter, Tiksa Negeri, Thomson Locations: MEKELLE, Ethiopia, Ethiopia's, Tigray, Tigray's, Samre, Tigray Region, Tiksa Negeri, Mekelle, Nairobi

☆ Indonesia communications minister arrested for graft
▼ + stars: | 2023-05-17 | by ( ) www.reuters.com time to read: +1 min

JAKARTA, May 17 (Reuters) - Indonesian authorities on Wednesday arrested a senior cabinet minister on corruption charges in a case they said caused more than half a billion dollars in state losses. Johnny G. Plate is the fifth minister in President Joko Widodo's administrations to be charged with corruption. Johnny was arrested "as a user of the budget and as a minister", said AGO official Kuntadi, without detailing the minister's specific role. Another official Ketut Sumedana said the minister allegedly violated Indonesia's corruption law, which carries a maximum life sentence. According to global graft watchdog Transparency International, Indonesia dropped four points on its corruption perception index last year to 110 out of 180 countries.

☆ UN forecasts world economic growth of 2.3% in 2023, 2.5% in 2024
▼ + stars: | 2023-05-16 | by ( ) www.reuters.com time to read: +1 min

REUTERS/Issei KatoUNITED NATIONS, May 16 (Reuters) - Global economic growth is projected to be 2.3% in 2023, up 0.4 percentage points from a January forecast, and the prediction for 2024 has dropped 0.2 percentage points to 2.5%, according to a United Nations report released on Tuesday. "Despite this uptick, the growth rate is still well below the average growth rate in the two decades before the pandemic of 3.1%," said the World Economic Situation and Prospects report issued by the U.N. Department of Economic and Social Affairs. The U.N. forecasts are less than the International Monetary Fund, which said earlier this year that global growth would fall to 2.9% in 2023 from 3.4% in 2022 and for 2024 would pick up slightly to 3.1%. "The least developed countries are forecast to grow by 4.1 per cent in 2023 and 5.2 per cent in 2024, far below the 7 per cent growth target set in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development," the U.N. report said. It forecast U.S. growth of 1.1% in 2023 - up from 0.4% forecast in January; EU growth of 0.9% in 2023 - up from 0.2%; and Chinese growth of 5.3% - up from 4.8%.

Paris CNN —France’s finance minister is in the spotlight. “It is about music, my passion for music,” Le Maire insisted of the novel, whose central character is a piano virtuoso. Some in France chastized the finance minister for devoting time to writing, especially as the country weathers economic headwinds. The French finance ministry confirmed to CNN that Le Maire had warned the French presidency of the book before its release. And the finance minister seemed unabashed on Twitter.

☆ Syrian refugees deported from Lebanon face arrest, conscription, say relatives
▼ + stars: | 2023-05-01 | by ( Maya Gebeily | ) www.reuters.com time to read: +5 min

[1/5] Youssef, a Syrian refugee and single father of two girls, attends an interview with Reuters, in Beirut, Lebanon April 26, 2023. One refugee told Reuters he and his three brothers were detained in a raid on a camp in Lebanon in late April. Another refugee said he was briefly held by the Fourth Division after being deported but paid smugglers to return to Lebanon. The Access Center for Human Rights (ACHR), a rights organisation, said it had documented the detention of at least two deported Syrians by the Fourth Division. Youssef, a Syrian refugee and single father-of-two, said he was so afraid of being deported and conscripted that he had stopped leaving his home in Lebanon.

☆ The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is actually a unique ocean ecosystem teeming with sea creatures that cling to the plastic trash
▼ + stars: | 2023-04-18 | by ( Kelsey Vlamis | ) www.businessinsider.com time to read: +3 min

The Great Pacific Ocean Patch refers to a big swirling soup of plastic in the ocean. The findings challenged the assumption that coastal species couldn't survive in the open ocean. The Great Pacific Garbage Patch typically refers to an area of the Pacific Ocean between California and Hawaii in which floating trash concentrates due to factors like wind and currents. The findings also contradicted the assumption that coastal species could not survive in areas of open ocean. The Great Pacific Garbage Patch refers to areas of marine debris concentration in the North Pacific Ocean.

☆ The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is now so huge and permanent that a coastal ecosystem is thriving on it
▼ + stars: | 2023-04-17 | by ( Ivana Kottasová | ) edition.cnn.com time to read: +6 min

Haram and her colleagues examined 105 items of plastic fished out of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch between November 2018 and January 2019. Courtesy Linsey Haram/Smithsonian InstitutionCoastal aggregating anemones found on a black floating plastic fragment collected in the garbage patch. Oceans of plasticThe Great Pacific Garbage Patch, which is twice the size of Texas, is the largest accumulation of ocean plastic in the world. If you look up at night, you see all those white dots, that’s essentially what you see in the garbage patch. A bag of plastics and debris collected in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch is unloaded in Sausalito, California in July 2022.

That makes up about 338,000 people across the country, with 40% beginning their isolation in adolescence, according to the ministry. Various factors are thought to be at play, including financial hardship, mental illness, family problems or health challenges. The report also detailed future plans for further action, such as distributing guidelines to local governments, boosting youth social safety nets and early detection systems, and working more closely with youth welfare facilities like shelters or rehabilitation centers. Japan has a similar problem, with nearly 1.5 million reclusive lonely young people, who are known as hikikomori, according to a recent government survey. Of those surveyed, more than a fifth cited the pandemic as a significant factor in their reclusive lifestyle.

☆ French feminist politician under fire for Playboy front cover
▼ + stars: | 2023-04-03 | by ( ) www.reuters.com time to read: +1 min

PARIS, April 3 (Reuters) - French junior social affairs minister Marlene Schiappa is facing criticism from her own party for posing in a white dress for the cover of Playboy, with French media reporting Prime Minister Elisabeth Borne called Schiappa to express her displeasure. The furor comes at a time of social unrest in the country as the government is facing a big backlash over pension reforms. The Playboy cover will be accompanied by a 12-page interview in which Schiappa, who brought in legislation outlawing catcalling and street harassment, talks about women's and LGBT rights. In France, women are free. The Playboy issue is available to buy from April 8th, according to Le Parisien.

☆ Syria's president appoints new oil minister in reshuffle
▼ + stars: | 2023-03-29 | by ( ) www.reuters.com time to read: +1 min

DAMASCUS, March 29 (Reuters) - Syrian President Bashar al-Assad has appointed a new oil minister and changed four other ministers in a cabinet reshuffle, state media said on Wednesday. Hassan Kaddour, who was the general director of the Syrian Petroleum Company for the last two years, replaces Bassam Touma as oil minister, the report said. Assad named Mohsen Abdelkarim Ali as internal trade minister, Abdelqader Jokhdar as industry minister, Louay al-Munajjed as social affairs minister and Ahmed Bostachi as a state minister. Assad switched out his defence minister in April 2022. The conflict raging in Syria since 2011 has cost the country much of its domestic oil production, especially with the northeastern oil producing fields outside government control.

☆ The 4-day workweek may not be the answer to workplace productivity and flexibility
▼ + stars: | 2023-03-21 | by ( Alexandra York | ) www.businessinsider.com time to read: +5 min

The four-day workweek was also discussed in a panel at the World Economic Forum earlier this year. "We have had a static, for many countries, five-day week for about a century," Grant said Thursday at his panel discussion called "The Four-Day Week." While a four-day workweek seems like an obvious answer, there are some key factors to consider before making the change, they agreed. But there are productivity benefits to giving employees more time to invest in themselves, which could come through the four-day workweek or other rescheduling methods. Flexibility through reorganizationWhether it be a four-day workweek or another method of schedule restructuring, a focus on both flexibility and productivity also benefits companies, van 't Noordende said.

☆ China’s Communist Party Overhaul Deepens Control Over Finance, Technology
▼ + stars: | 2023-03-16 | by ( Chun Han Wong | Keith Zhai | ) www.wsj.com time to read: 1 min

Delegates applauding as Chinese leader Xi Jinping, left, arrives at the closing ceremony for China’s National People’s Congress in Beijing on Monday. China’s Communist Party unveiled a broad overhaul strengthening its role in managing finance, social affairs and technological development, as part of leader Xi Jinping ’s efforts to entrench his brand of top-down rule. A lengthy directive published by state media on Thursday evening outlined the creation of new party agencies and the restructuring of some existing bodies—changes that reinforced the party’s dominance over the government bureaucracy in policy-making. The directive said the shake-up is aimed at improving the party’s ability to govern and exercise “centralized and unified leadership.”

☆ TikTok has taken down 'poverty porn' videos of women shivering in mud baths and crying after a government banned them
▼ + stars: | 2023-03-05 | by ( Sam Tabahriti | ) www.businessinsider.com time to read: +2 min

TikTok has taken down "poverty porn" videos after Indonesia banned them, Rest of World reported. The trend involves showing women shivering in mud baths and sometimes crying. A woman who said she earned $600 in nine sessions said it was better than working for $2 a day. The trend known as "mandi lumpur," or mud baths, involves Indonesian women in their fifties and sixties sitting in a pool of water and mud while being shown on a TikTok livestream. The women could make about $130 per livestream, according to the man who claimed to be responsible for the trend, Rest of World reported.

☆ Finland to allow gender reassignment without sterilisation
▼ + stars: | 2023-03-03 | by ( ) www.reuters.com time to read: +1 min

COPENHAGEN, March 3 (Reuters) - Finland will allow transgender people to change their legal gender at their own request and without undergoing sterilisation, new legislation signed by the Finnish President confirmed on Friday. The European Court of Human Rights ruled in 2017 that requiring sterilisation in order for individuals to change the sex on their birth certificate is a violation of human rights. Medical examinations and sterilization will no longer be required to legally change one's gender, it added. On Friday, Finnish President Sauli Niinisto ratified the new legislation which is will enter into force on April 3. The Czech Republic, Latvia, and Romania currently require individuals to undergo sterilization before legally changing their gender, according to Transgender Europe (TGEU).

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