Silhavy took charge of the national team in 2018 after they failed to qualify for the World Cup.
"Sometimes I don't understand why, the anger and aggression (is directed towards me)," Silhavy was quoted as saying by news website iDnes.cz on Tuesday.
His departure follows the team's 3-0 win over 10-man Moldova on Monday, which secured them a place in Euro 2024.
Silhavy said the actions of the players -- who all featured in Friday's 1-1 draw with Poland -- disappointed him and helped confirm his decision to quit.
"I don't think the guys did it for me to quit," Silhavy said.
Persons:
Jaroslav Silhavy, Silhavy, iDnes.cz, Vladimir Coufal, Jakub Brabec, Jan Kuchta, Michael Kahn
Organizations:
FA, Slovan Liberec, Slavia Prague, West Ham, Thomson
Locations:
PRAGUE, Czech Republic, Moldova, Poland