MUNICH—Danylo Zadorozhnyi, whose family fled the war in Ukraine in March, doesn’t understand anything in school because he doesn’t speak German. Most days he doesn’t engage and just lays his head on his desk. When he gets home he has no desire to log into his Ukrainian classes, said his mother, Olena Zadorozhna. Ms. Zadorozhna said she worries that the 15-year-old is throwing away his future and won’t be prepared to return to school if the family goes back to Ukraine. They frequently argue.

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