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Search resuls for: "China National Petroleum"


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SINGAPORE, Oct 31 (Reuters) - At least three Chinese companies including state giant China National Offshore Oil Company (CNOOC) are evaluating Shell's Singapore assets and considering non-binding bids in coming weeks for the city-state's oldest refinery, according to several sources familiar with the matter. CNOOC, the parent of offshore oil and gas major CNOOC Ltd , operates a joint refining-petrochemical complex with Shell in southern China. However, Sinopec Corp's president said in late August it was not interested in the Shell assets. Two of the sources said Shell had set a preliminary Nov. 5 deadline for proposals, although that could be extended. A Wanhua spokesperson said he was not aware of the company's potential interest in the Shell assets.
Persons: Shell, Goldman Sachs, CNOOC, Sinopec, Rongsheng, Eversun, Salmon Lee, Chen Aizhu, Trixie Yap, Tony Munroe, Florence Tan, Kim Coghill Organizations: Offshore Oil Company, Singapore, Reuters, Eversun Holdings, Wanhua, Shell, Hengli Petrochemical, China National Petroleum Corp, Privately, Thomson Locations: SINGAPORE, China, state's, Singapore, Bukom, Jurong, PetroChina, Huizhou, Guangdong, Fujian province, Putian, Shandong province, Asia, Southeast Asia
QatarEnergy, Shell agree 27-year LNG supply
  + stars: | 2023-10-18 | by ( ) www.reuters.com   time to read: +2 min
Two LNG sale and purchase agreements were signed between affiliates of QatarEnergy and Shell (SHEL.L), QatarEnergy said on Wednesday, in a deal that mirrors one reached with TotalEnergies last week. Qatari LNG from the massive North Field LNG production expansion project will be delivered to Gate LNG terminal at the Port of Rotterdam beginning in 2026. Shell holds a 6.25% stake in the North Field East project and a 9.375% share in the North Field South project. The deal follows an identical one between QatarEnergy and TotalEnergies last week, until then Qatar's biggest and longest gas supply deal with Europe. QatarEnergy has signed deals to supply LNG from the expansion to Asian buyers over the past year in China and elsewhere.
Persons: Chris Helgren, QatarEnergy, Shell, TotalEnergies, China's Sinopec, Saad al, Kaabi, Yousef Saba, Lincoln Organizations: Shell, REUTERS, Rights, TotalEnergies, LNG, Field, Port, China National Petroleum Corporation, Thomson Locations: Vancouver , British Columbia, Canada, Rights DUBAI, Qatar, Europe, Netherlands, Rotterdam, QatarEnergy, Asia, China, Ukraine
Energy firms have sharply increased shareholder returns on the back of high energy prices after years of overspending on production growth. Oil and gas companies led all industries in cash distribution to shareholders in 2022, with a combined 8% dividend and buyback yield, Deloitte said. But investors holding $2.3 trillion of equity in the global oil and gas industry are changing their expectations about growth markets faster than energy company executives, Deloitte said. About 75% of surveyed investors stated that they would continue holding shares to accelerate investments in lower-carbon technologies, even if yields shrank to as little as 3%. About 43% of surveyed investors emphasized battery storage as their key area for investment.
Persons: Chen Aizhu, Kate Hardin, Hardin, Sabrina Valle, Jamie Freed Organizations: China National Petroleum Corporation, Dalian Petrochemical Corp, REUTERS, Deloitte, . Energy, Oil, Exxon Mobil, Chevron, BP, Shell, Thomson Locations: China, Dalian, Liaoning province, HOUSTON
[1/2] Venezuela's President Nicolas Maduro gestures during a meeting with Chile's Ambassador to Venezuela Jaime Gazmuri, at Miraflores Palace, in Caracas, Venezuela August 16, 2023. Energy trade, debt repayment and new financing likely are the main focus of the Sept. 8-14 visit, officials and sources said. Beijing's decision to host Maduro coincides with a G20 summit in New Delhi this weekend, which Chinese President Xi Jinping will not attend. In 2020, the Maduro administration and Chinese banks again agreed to a grace period on some $19 billion of Chinese debt, according to Reuters reporting. Despite sanctions on Venezuela, China imported around 390,000 barrels per day of crude from the country between January and August this year, totalling roughly 12.9 million metric tons, data from commodities consultancy Vortexa showed.
Persons: Nicolas Maduro, Venezuela Jaime Gazmuri, Leonardo Fernandez Viloria, Han Zheng, Wang Yi, hegemonism, Han, Pedro Tellechea, Tellechea, Xi Jinping, Maduro, Hugo Chavez's, Joe Biden's, PDVSA, CNPC, Donald Trump, Andrew Hayley, Liz Lee, Joe Cash, Vivian Seuqera, Mayela, Marianna Parraga, Christopher Cushing, Frances Kerry, Marguerita Choy Organizations: REUTERS, Rights, West, Energy, China National Petroleum Corp, Venezuelan, Venezuelan Oil, Shanghai International Energy Exchange, Shanghai Petroleum, Natural Gas Exchange, South, Shanghai, Mayela Armas, Thomson Locations: Venezuela, Miraflores, Caracas, Rights BEIJING, CARACAS, China, OPEC, Beijing, Shanghai, Asia, New Delhi, Malaysia, South American, Houston
File Photo Acquire Licensing RightsSept 4 (Reuters) - Venezuela's oil exports in August fell 38% from a three-year high in July as state-run oil company PDVSA struggled to keep its heavy crude upgraders in service, according to vessel monitoring data and internal company documents. Venezuela's oil exports in August dropped to about 544,000 barrels per day (bpd) from more than 877,000 bpd in July, according to LSEG Eikon vessel tracking data. China remained the main destination for most of the OPEC member's crude and fuel exports, including cargoes transshipped through Malaysia. At the Petropiar crude upgrader, operated by PDVSA and Chevron and that processes extra heavy oil, maintenance affected a vacuum distillation unit. PDVSA boosted shipments of crude, fuel oil, gasoline blend stock and gas oil to ally Cuba to some 65,000 bpd, from 53,000 bpd in July.
Persons: PDVSA, Russia's Roszarubezhneft, Marianna Parraga, Marguerita Choy Organizations: American, Chevron, U.S, PDVSA, China National Petroleum Corp, Italy's Eni, Thomson Locations: Venezuela, U.S, China, Malaysia, Cuba, Houston, Maracay
China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC)'s Dalian Petrochemical Corp refinery is seen near the downtown of Dalian in Liaoning province, China July 17, 2018. The market is also keeping an eye on Tropical Storm Idalia and any risk it poses to oil and gas output in the U.S. Gulf. The focus today is on "China actions to support its economy, Tropical Storm Idalia heading for Florida and whether Brent can regain momentum on a break above $85," said Ole Hansen, head of commodity strategy at Saxo Bank. That "should see some short-term support for the oil price", he said. Oil prices have remained above $80 a barrel with support from falling oil inventories and supply cuts from the OPEC+ group of oil producers.
Persons: Chen Aizhu, Idalia, Fed's Powell, Brent, Ole Hansen, Tony Sycamore, Jerome Powell, Tina Teng, Florence Tan, Sudarshan, Jason Neely, Kirsten Donovan, Louise Heavens, Sharon Singleton Organizations: China National Petroleum Corporation, Dalian Petrochemical Corp, REUTERS, . West Texas Intermediate, Saxo Bank, CMC, Reuters, Thomson Locations: China, Dalian, Liaoning province, Florida, U.S . Gulf, Brent, Cuba, U.S, OPEC, Saudi Arabia
China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC)'s Dalian Petrochemical Corp refinery is seen near the downtown of Dalian in Liaoning province, China July 17, 2018. CMC markets analyst Tina Teng said a soft-landing scenario for the U.S. economy buoyed energy markets on Monday, despite the Federal Reserve's hawkish stance on rate hikes. That "should see some short term support for the oil price", he said. Oil prices have remained above $80 a barrel on support from falling oil inventories and supply cuts from the OPEC+ collective of oil producers. Reporting by Florence Tan and Sudarshan Varadhan; Editing by Christopher Cushing and Clarence FernandezOur Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.
Persons: Chen Aizhu, Baker Hughes, Brent, WTI, Jerome Powell, Tony Sycamore, Sycamore, Tina Teng, Idalia, Florence Tan, Sudarshan, Christopher Cushing, Clarence Fernandez Organizations: China National Petroleum Corporation, Dalian Petrochemical Corp, REUTERS, U.S, West Texas, IG, PMI, CMC, Federal, ANZ Research, Thomson Locations: China, Dalian, Liaoning province, SINGAPORE, U.S, United States, Caribbean, Florida, Gulf, OPEC, Iran, Venezuela
China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC)'s Dalian Petrochemical Corp refinery is seen near the downtown of Dalian in Liaoning province, China July 17, 2018. REUTERS/Chen Aizhu/File Photo Acquire Licensing RightsCompanies Baker Hughes Co FollowSINGAPORE, Aug 28 (Reuters) - Oil prices were marginally lower on Monday as investors stayed fretful over the pace of economic growth in China, and the prospect of further U.S. interest rate hikes that could dampen fuel demand. Oil rose in early Asian trade before paring gains, as China's move to halve stamp duty on stock trading to boost struggling markets temporarily pushed up prices. In the United States, energy firms cut the number of active oil rigs for a ninth month in August, Baker Hughes said in a report. Reporting by Florence Tan and Sudarshan Varadhan; Editing by Christopher Cushing and Clarence FernandezOur Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.
Persons: Chen Aizhu, Baker Hughes, Brent, WTI, Jerome Powell, Tony Sycamore, Sycamore, Tina Teng, Idalia, Florence Tan, Sudarshan, Christopher Cushing, Clarence Fernandez Organizations: China National Petroleum Corporation, Dalian Petrochemical Corp, REUTERS, U.S, West Texas, IG, PMI, CMC, Federal, ANZ Research, Thomson Locations: China, Dalian, Liaoning province, SINGAPORE, U.S, United States, Caribbean, Florida, Gulf, OPEC, Iran, Venezuela
China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC)'s Dalian Petrochemical Corp refinery is seen near the downtown of Dalian in Liaoning province, China July 17, 2018. Brent crude settled 6 cents lower at $84.42 a barrel, after touching a session high of over $85 earlier in the day. Tropical Storm Idalia was expected to intensify into a major hurricane on Monday as it barrelled toward Florida's Gulf Coast. Some worried it could hit the eastern side of U.S. Gulf Coast crude production. Oil prices have remained above $80 a barrel with support from falling oil inventories and supply cuts from the OPEC+ group of oil producers.
Persons: Chen Aizhu, Idalia, Brent, Jerome Powell, Dennis Kissler, Ole Hansen, Tony Sycamore, Alex Lawler, Florence Tan, Sudarshan, Jason Neely, Kirsten Donovan, Louise Heavens, Sharon Singleton, David Gregorio, Tomasz Janowski Organizations: China National Petroleum Corporation, Dalian Petrochemical Corp, REUTERS, HOUSTON, . West Texas, Federal, BOK, Saxo Bank, Gulf, Reuters, Thomson Locations: China, Dalian, Liaoning province, Florida, U.S, Gulf Coast, Gulf, OPEC, Saudi Arabia, London
REUTERS/Chen Aizhu/File Photo Acquire Licensing RightsNEW YORK, Aug 25 (Reuters) - Oil futures climbed about 1% to a one-week high on Friday as U.S. diesel prices soared, the number of oil rigs dropped and a fire broke out at a refinery in Louisiana. Brent futures rose $1.12, or 1.3%, to settle at $84.48 a barrel, while U.S. West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude rose 78 cents, or 1.0%, to settle at $79.83. Diesel futures soared about 5% to a near seven-month high, boosting the diesel crack spread , a measure of refining profit margins, to its highest since January 2023. "The main thing was concern about diesel prices, the diesel crack spread and worries about diesel shortages when refineries go into maintenance," said Phil Flynn, an analyst at Price Futures Group. He added prices also drew support from a fire at a Louisiana refinery and a drop in U.S. oil rigs.
Persons: Chen Aizhu, Phil Flynn, Brent, WTI, Baker Hughes, Jerome Powell, Morgan Stanley, John Evans, Natalie Grover, Laura Sanicola, Muyu Xu, David Goodman, Jason Neely, David Gregorio, Cynthia Osterman Organizations: China National Petroleum Corporation, Dalian Petrochemical Corp, REUTERS, U.S, West Texas, Diesel, Price Futures Group, U.S ., Federal, Thomson Locations: China, Dalian, Liaoning province, Louisiana, Brent, , Louisiana, U.S, Germany, Europe's, Norwegian, London, Washington, Singapore
Brent crude rose 30 cents, or 0.4%, to $83.66 a barrel by 0434 GMT, while U.S. West Texas Intermediate crude was up 31 cents, also 0.4%, at $79.36 a barrel. Crude prices are set to fall between 1.5%-2.5% for the week, a second consecutive week of decline. A strong dollar makes oil more expensive for holders of other currencies, denting demand. Further weighing on market sentiment, U.S. officials are drafting a proposal that would ease sanctions on Venezuela's oil sector, allowing more companies and countries to import its crude oil. Analysts estimated that the top oil exporter will likely roll over a voluntary oil cut of 1 million barrels per day for a third consecutive month into October, amid uncertainty about supplies and as the kingdom targets drawing down global inventories further.
Persons: Chen Aizhu, Jerome Powell, Brent, Jun Rong, Powell's, Laura Sanicola, Muyu Xu, Jacqueline Wong Organizations: China National Petroleum Corporation, Dalian Petrochemical Corp, REUTERS, Companies United, Federal, U.S, West Texas, IG, Haitong Futures, Analysts, Thomson Locations: China, Dalian, Liaoning province, Companies United States, America, Turkey, Kurdistan, Iraq, Saudi Arabia
China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC)'s Dalian Petrochemical Corp refinery is seen near the downtown of Dalian in Liaoning province, China July 17, 2018. "Concerns that China's faltering economy will weigh on demand offset tight supply in the oil market," ANZ analysts said in a client note. "Crude inventories at the Cushing hub are seen to be falling to their lowest level since April. U.S. crude stocks dropped by about 6.2 million barrels last week, according to market sources citing American Petroleum Institute figures. Supply cuts by Saudi Arabia and Russia, part of the OPEC+ group comprising the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and allies, have pushed up oil prices over the past seven weeks.
Persons: Chen Aizhu, Cushing, Rystad, Claudio Galimberti, Arathy Somasekhar, Trixie Yap, Sonali Paul Organizations: China National Petroleum Corporation, Dalian Petrochemical Corp, REUTERS, Brent, U.S, West Texas, ANZ, American Petroleum Institute, Reuters, National Australia Bank, of, Petroleum, Thomson Locations: China, Dalian, Liaoning province, Beijing, Saudi, Saudi Arabia, Russia, OPEC, Houston, Singapore
The hole will eventually reach 10,520 meters (34,514 feet) into the ground at the Sichuan Basin in southwest China, according to state-run news agency Xinhua. The region is a major area for gas production and engineers expected to find a natural gas reserve there, the report said. These ultradeep holes stretch greater than Mount Everest measuring from top to bottom, which is about 8,800 meters (28,871 feet) tall. Drilling deep allows scientists to learn more about how the Earth was formed with the crust acting like a geological timeline of or world’s formation. China, the world’s second largest economy and the world’s biggest carbon emitter, has huge energy needs.
Persons: Chen Lili, , Xi Jinping, John Kerry, Xi, Organizations: Hong Kong CNN, Xinhua, China National Petroleum Corporation, Sinopec Corp, Reuters, Kerry Locations: Hong Kong, Sichuan, China, Tarim, China’s, Xinjiang, Russia, Soviet, Xinhua, Beijing
NEW YORK, June 20 (Reuters) - Oil futures fell about 2% in choppy trading on Tuesday on forecasts for slower growth of oil demand in China, the world's second-biggest oil consumer, and disappointment with the size of cuts in China's key lending rates. "Oil traders may need to see a materialised strong economic rebound in China to improve their outlook on oil demand," said Tina Teng at CMC Markets in Auckland. Higher interest rates ultimately increase borrowing costs for consumers, which could reduce oil demand by slowing economic growth. A stronger dollar makes crude more expensive for holders of other currencies, which can reduce oil demand. On the supply side, Iran's crude exports and oil output have hit new highs this year despite U.S. sanctions.
Persons: Brent, Edward Moya, Tina Teng, Thomas Barkin, Scott DiSavino, Noah Browning, Katya Golubkova, Andrew Hayley, David Goodman, Matthew Lewis Organizations: YORK, . West Texas, CMC Markets, China, Administration, Customs, . Federal Reserve, Richmond Fed, U.S ., Organization of, Petroleum, Thomson Locations: China, U.S, Auckland, Russia, New York, London, Tokyo, Beijing
U.S. West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude for July was down 3 cents from Friday's close at $71.75. The more active WTI crude contract for August delivery was up 10 cents from Friday at $72.03 per barrel. There was no settlement in the WTI contract on Monday due to a public holiday in the United States. "Oil traders may need to see a materialised strong economic rebound in China to improve their outlook on oil demand," said Tina Teng, a markets analyst at CMC Markets in Auckland. Higher interest rates reduce appetite for spending and can drive down oil demand.
Persons: Brent, Tina Teng, Katya Golubkova, Andrew Hayley, Kim Coghill, Jason Neely, Louise Heavens Organizations: . West Texas, CMC Markets, China National Petroleum, Organization of, Petroleum, Thomson Locations: China, United States, Auckland, Russia, Moscow, Tokyo, Beijing
DOHA, June 20 (Reuters) - Qatar is set to secure its second large gas supply deal with a Chinese state-controlled company in less than a year, sources familiar with the deal told Reuters on Tuesday. CNPC also will take an equity stake in the eastern expansion of Qatar's North Field liquefied natural gas (LNG) project, the sources said. In an identical deal, QatarEnergy sealed a 27-year supply agreement with China's Sinopec in November for 4 million tons a year. The state-owned Chinese gas giant also took an equity stake equivalent to 5% of one LNG train of 8 million tons a year capacity. Tuesday's deal, first reported by the Financial Times, will be QatarEnergy's third deal to supply LNG from the expansion to an Asian buyer.
Persons: CNPC, QatarEnergy, China's Sinopec, Saad, QatarEnergy didn't, Andrew Mills, Maha El, Kanjyik Ghosh, Kim Coghill, Christopher Cushing Organizations: DOHA, Reuters, China National Petroleum Corporation, Financial Times, LNG, Thomson Locations: Qatar, China, Arab, Asia, Ukraine, Europe, finalising, QatarEnergy, United States, Australia, Doha, Maha, Maha El Dahan, Dubai, Bengaluru
China has begun drilling a hole over 10,000 meters (32,808 feet) deep into the Earth's crust. Chinese President Xi Jinping named deep Earth sciences one of four strategic frontiers to explore. The drilling project, led by the country's largest oil producer China National Petroleum Corp., would be among the deepest ever drilled. In a 2021 speech addressing the nation's top scientists, Chinese President Xi Jinping named deep Earth sciences one of four strategic frontiers to explore. The deepest hole is still the Kola Superdeep Borehole in Russia, which reached 12,262 meters (40,230 feet) in 1989 after 20 years of drilling.
Persons: Xi Jinping, Wang Chunsheng Organizations: Service, Privacy, Scientists, China National Petroleum Corp, Xinhua, Chinese Academy of Engineering, Bloomberg Locations: China, Xinjiang, Xinhua, Russia
LAUNCESTON, Australia, March 28 (Reuters) - China's crude oil imports will average 10.8 million barrels per day (bpd) in 2023, matching the previous record high from 2020, according to the think tank of the country's leading energy group. What is interesting with the ETRI forecasts is that they would seem to show that China's refiners are still expecting to add crude oil to stockpiles over 2023. This is some 370,000 bpd more than the ETRI forecast for refinery throughput of 14.66 million bpd. China's crude oil imports seen rebounding to new high in 2023NEW REFINERIESIt's likely that some of the oil heading for storage will go to build working inventories for new plants expected to be commissioned this year. Flows in, or indeed out of, either commercial or strategic reserves are the biggest X-factor for China's crude oil imports.
Oil prices soften; banking crisis and Chinese demand in focus
  + stars: | 2023-03-28 | by ( ) www.cnbc.com   time to read: +2 min
Oil prices rose in early Asian trade on the prospect that a stalled Iran nuclear deal and Moscow's new mobilization campaign would restrict global supplies. Crude prices retreated on Tuesday after rallying the previous session, with markets focused on developments in the banking crisis and indications of strengthening demand in China. Oil prices were also likely to continue drawing support from indications of recovering Chinese demand. "China's manufacturing and services PMIs will be a major economic driver to oil prices as positive data is most likely to further improve the demand outlook," Teng said. U.S. crude oil stockpiles were seen rising about 200,000 barrels last week, a preliminary Reuters poll showed on Monday.
March 28 - Crude prices moved in a narrow range in early Asian trade on Tuesday after rallying in the previous session, with oil markets focused on developments in the banking crisis as well as on supply concerns and indications of strengthening demand. Brent crude futures fell 2 cents to $78.10 a barrel at 0018 GMT. Prices rose in the previous session after Turkey stopped pumping crude from Kurdistan via a pipeline following an arbitration decision that confirmed Baghdad's consent was needed to ship the oil. Oil prices also drew support from indications of strong Chinese demand. U.S. crude oil stockpiles were seen rising about 200,000 barrels last week, a preliminary Reuters poll showed on Monday.
China has been buying more energy from Russia since the Ukraine war started. Total trade between China and Russia hit a new record high in 2022, up 30% to $190 billion, according to Chinese customs figures. In particular, the energy trade has risen markedly since the onset of the war. Russian companies have been using more yuan to facilitate the increased trade with China. UnionPay, the Chinese payments system, has reportedly stopped accepting cards issued by Russian banks over fears of international sanctions, according to Russian paper Kommersant.
If sealed, this would be the second such deal between major LNG exporter Qatar and the world's no.2 LNG buyer, as Beijing looks to beef up gas supply and diversify its sources in a drive to replace coal and cut carbon emissions. CNPC's talks follow a deal announced last November by China's Sinopec, in which QatarEnergy agreed to supply 4 million tonnes of LNG annually for 27 years, the longest duration LNG supply contract ever signed by Qatar. "This is a good move for CNPC, securing additional long term supply from a reliable and well positioned partner. Sinopec said in November the gas purchase agreement was part of an "integrated partnership", which indicated the Chinese firm could be considering acquiring a stake in Qatar's North Field expansion export facility. Chinese customs data showed the country's imports of Qatari LNG surged 75% last year from 2021 to 15.7 million tonnes, making up a quarter of the nation's total imports, while China's total LNG imports shrank nearly 20%.
Companies Gazprom PAO FollowMOSCOW, Dec 15 (Reuters) - Russian energy giant Gazprom (GAZP.MM) supplied a record daily volume of gas to China via the Power of Siberia pipeline on Dec. 14, it said on Thursday. The company did not disclose the volume but said that the daily supply to China National Petroleum Corporation exceeded contractual obligations by 16.5%Reporting by Vladimir Soldatkin Editing by David GoodmanOur Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.
Exports also benefited from the restart of a PDVSA-Chevron crude upgrader at their Petropiar joint venture in the Orinoco Belt. Nearby, one of Petrolera Sinovensa's two crude blending plants operated by PDVSA and China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) also resumed work. Venezuelan PDVSA's crude processing facilities restarted operations after outages and a lack of diluents, leading to a sale increase in November. PDVSA also sent about 38,000 bpd of crude, fuel oil and gasoline blend stock to key political ally Cuba. Another Iran-flagged tanker in Venezuela, the Huge, is also expected to navigate back carrying fuel oil for NICO this month as part of an oil swap with PDVSA, according to the documents.
REUTERS/StringerSINGAPORE, Oct 24 (Reuters) - China's crude oil imports in September were 2% below their level a year earlier, data showed on Monday, as independent refiners curbed throughput amid thin margins and lacklustre demand. The world's largest crude importer brought in 40.24 million tonnes of crude oil last month, equivalent to about 9.79 million barrels per day (bpd). While state refineries have mostly returned from outages and planned maintenance, independent refiners, which make up about one-fifth of China's crude oil imports, have continued to hold down production. However, the data showed that exports last month of refined fuel - including diesel, gasoline, aviation fuel and marine fuel oil - soared 36% from a year earlier to 5.64 million tonnes. Year-to-date exports were down 27.6% at 35.45 million tonnes, as a result of Beijing's policy adopted in late 2021 to limit fuel exports and excessive refinery processing.
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