Overseas-based Chinese and their supporters rallied in Sydney, Tokyo, Hong Kong, New York and Toronto, with more protests planned in coming days.
Outside the Chinese consulate in New York, hundreds gathered, some waving blank white placards, which have become a protest symbol in China.
About 50 mainland Chinese students attended the rally, which was the biggest protest by mainland Chinese in Australia, said Chen Yonglin, a democracy activist who promoted the vigil on social media.
"They will try to find out who are the organisers," said Chen, a former Chinese consulate official who defected in 2005.
The Chinese embassy in Australia and the education office of the Chinese consulate in Sydney did not immediately respond to a request for comment.