Top related persons:
Top related locs:
Top related orgs:

Search resuls for: "Andriivka"


25 mentions found


Read previewRussia is using Starlink terminals in occupied parts of Ukraine, Ukrainian military intelligence (GUR) has claimed. Ukrainian intelligence confirmed that Russia is using Starlink after intercepting the radio communications of Russia’s 83rd Assault Brigade, which is operating near the towns of Klishchiivka and Andriivka in the Donetsk region. Starlink said in a statement on Thursday that it does not do business with Russia's government or military. A Starlink antenna covered with a camouflage net used by the Armed Forces of Ukraine in the Donetsk region, December 2022. NurPhoto / GettyMusk initially gave his full support to Ukraine when Russia first invaded, with SpaceX sending "thousands" of Starlink terminals to the country, but relations have since cooled.
Persons: , Andrii, Elon Musk's, Ukraine’s GUR, Starlink, Bryan Clark, NurPhoto, Getty Organizations: Service, 83rd Assault Brigade, Business, Ministry of Defense, Elon, Elon Musk's SpaceX, SpaceX, Hudson Institute, Armed Forces of Locations: Russia, Ukraine, Ukrainian, Klishchiivka, Donetsk, Armed Forces of Ukraine
Earlier this week, Ukraine announced it had withdrawn its forces from the village of Krokhmalne to take up more advantageous defensive positions on higher ground. Reports suggest Russian forces continue to press in the area. A readout from the Army General Staff on its Facebook page said Ukrainian forces had faced down 13 attacks on the settlements of Tabaiivka and Stelmakhivka, to the northwest and south, respectively, of Krokhmalne. A Ukrainian serviceman prepares 155-mm artillery shells near the front line in Zaporizhzhia, amid Russia's attack on Ukraine, on January 14, 2024. ReutersFurther southeast, the area around Bakhmut, which was the overwhelming focus of Russia’s winter offensive exactly a year ago, Ukrainian forces also report coming under increased pressure.
Persons: spokespeople, Sergeant Oles Maliarevych, , Oleksandr Shtupun, Organizations: CNN, Russian, Army, Staff, Land Forces Command, Ukrainian, Reuters, 92nd Separate Brigade Locations: Kharkiv, Luhansk, Ukraine, Krokhmalne, Tabaiivka, Ukrainian, Zaporizhzhia, Bakhmut, Klishchiivka, Kyiv, Orikhiv, Tokmak, Crimea, Russia
Governor of Sevastopol Mikhail Razvozhayev attends a ceremony marking 240th anniversary of Russia's Black Sea Fleet in Sevastopol, Crimea May 13, 2023. REUTERS/Alexey Pavlishak/File Photo Acquire Licensing RightsNov 7 (Reuters) - Russia's air defence systems destroyed and intercepted a total of 17 Ukraine-launched drones early on Tuesday over the Black Sea and the Crimean Peninsula territory, the Russian defence ministry said. Nine drones were destroyed by air defence systems and eight were intercepted by electronic warfare, the ministry said on the Telegram messaging app. Saky is home to a Russian air base. Reporting by Lidia Kelly in Melbourne; Editing by Tom Hogue, Christian Schmollinger and Raju GopalakrishnanOur Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.
Persons: Sevastopol Mikhail Razvozhayev, Alexey Pavlishak, Mikhail Razvozhayev, Saky, Lidia Kelly, Tom Hogue, Christian Schmollinger, Raju Gopalakrishnan Organizations: REUTERS, Reuters, Thomson Locations: Sevastopol, Crimea, Ukraine, Crimean, Russian, Andriivka, Sevastopol's suburbs, Novofedorivka, Kyiv, Moscow, Melbourne
A spokesperson said Ukrainian troops have witnessed Russia digging tunnels for "camouflage." AdvertisementAdvertisementRussian soldiers are digging tunnels to sneak up Ukrainian positions without being seen by their lethal drones, a military spokesperson said. They are digging tunnels closer to our positions," Kotsukon said, according to a translation by the Ukrainian nongovernmental organization Euromaidan Press. AdvertisementAdvertisementHe said the tunnels are there for "camouflage" from Ukraine's surveillance drones and so that the Russians can "suddenly emerge closer to our positions." Its soldiers are attempting to flank Andriivka but are suffering serious losses due to Ukrainian artillery and drones.
Persons: , Anton Kotsukon, Kotsukon Organizations: Service, Euromaidan Press, 110th Separate Mechanized Brigade, Ukrainian, Staff, Kyiv Locations: Russia, Ukraine, Andriivka, Donetsk Oblast, Ukrainian, Viet, Vietnam
Russian troops tried to retake the Ukrainian town of Andriivka, near Bakhmut last week. They used Soviet-era armored vehicles for the offensive, according to reports. AdvertisementAdvertisementRussian troops, who failed to retake a Ukrainian town last week, were sent into battle in Soviet-era armored vehicles that ceased production in 1970, reports suggest. At least 36 Russian tanks and armored vehicles were destroyed in the first 24 hours of the offensive, according to the Kyiv Post. Russia first started deploying the BTR-50 armored personnel carriers in Ukraine in March this year, according to British intelligence.
Persons: , Forbes Organizations: Service, Avdiivka, Kyiv Post, BTR Locations: Andriivka, Bakhmut, Avdiivka, Ukraine's Donetsk Oblast, Soviet, Russia, Russian, Kyiv, Ukraine
Russian drones dropped grenades near soldiers, a Ukrainian commander told The Washington Post. He said the goal was to figure out which side each soldier was on, based on where they ran. AdvertisementAdvertisementRussian drone pilots have dropped grenades over soldiers to try to work out which side they were on, a Ukrainian commander said. He told The Post that Russian drone pilots deployed the tactic, which was described by captured soldiers, to see if the soldiers ran toward Russian or Ukrainian lines, which would reveal which side they were on, he said. Intercepted Russian radio conversations also appeared to show Russian forces would shoot any of their own soldiers who retreated, Rollo said.
Persons: , Rollo Organizations: Washington Post, Service, Assault Brigade, Post, UK Ministry of Defence Locations: Ukrainian, Ukraine's, Russia, Andriivka, Ukraine, Russian, Donetsk
Ukraine is using small assault groups of up to 12 to attack Russia's larger forces. Soldiers told The Washington Post these groups have helped to retake key villages, but there are risks. AdvertisementAdvertisementUkraine is deploying small groups of soldiers who are able to creep up close to Russian troops and carry out assaults, The Washington Post reported. Ukrainian soldiers told The Post that the tactic helped Ukraine retake the villages of Andriivka and Klishchiivka last month. A US veteran now fighting in Ukraine and training its soldiers told Insider last month that Russia's forces are so big that there is no way to outflank them.
Persons: Soldiers, , It's Organizations: Washington Post, Service, Post, NATO, Washington DC Locations: Ukraine, Andriivka, Bakhmut, Russia
Ukrainian forces make headway in east, south - officials
  + stars: | 2023-10-09 | by ( ) www.reuters.com   time to read: +2 min
Oct 9 (Reuters) - Ukrainian forces are making some headway in both the eastern and southern theatres of their four-month-old counteroffensive, military officials said on Monday. Russian accounts of the fighting said Moscow's forces had repelled Ukrainian attacks near the devastated eastern city of Bakhmut and inflicted heavy casualties in strikes on Ukrainian positions outside the city. In the south, Kyiv wants to advance to the Sea of Azov to sever a Russian land bridge linking areas it occupies in the south and east. Ukrainian prosecutors in Donetsk region, the focal point of Russia's campaign in the east, said Russian forces had shelled areas east of the Russian-held town of Donetsk, killing one person. Nineteen months after Russia's invasion, its forces about 18% of Ukrainian territory, according to Western estimates.
Persons: Ilia Yevlash, Yevlash, Oleksandr Tarnavskyi, Volodymyr Zelenskiy, Ron Popeski, Leslie Adler Organizations: Russian Locations: Bakhmut, Kyiv, Azov, Andriivka, Klishhiivka, Klishchiivka, Donetsk, Russian, Avdiivka, Verbove, Ukraine, Tokmak
Fighting has flared up periodically near Lyman and Kupiansk and Ukraine says Russia has redeployed more than 110,000 troops to the area. Also in the east, Ukrainian forces are battling to regain ground near the devastated city of Bakhmut, seized by Russian forces in May after months of fighting. The report said Russian forces had unsuccessfully tried to regain lost positions in an area further south. Russian accounts of the fighting said Moscow's forces had repelled two Ukrainian attacks west of the Russian-held city of Donetsk. In the southern theatre, Kyiv's forces are pushing toward the Sea of Azov in an attempt to split Russian-occupied territory in two.
Persons: Su, Lyman, Ilia Yevlash, Bakhmut, Volodymyr Zelenskiy, Ron Popeski, Stephen Coates Organizations: Russian, General, of Ukraine's Armed Forces, Ukrainian, Reuters, Staff, Thomson Locations: Russian, Makiivka, Luhansk, Kupiansk, Lyman, Ukraine, Russia, Hroza, Ukrainian, Bakhmut, Andriivka, Donetsk region, Donetsk, Azov, Zaporizhzhia, Robotyne
Ukraine persuaded troops to surrender with a drone, the The Wall Street Journal said. The troops surrounded the soldiers in a house then flew the drone to play a message, per the report. AdvertisementAdvertisementUkrainian troops persuaded Russian soldiers to surrender by playing them a voice message with a drone, The Wall Street Journal reported. Soldiers of Ukraine's 3rd Separate Assault Brigade told The Journal that after they had retaken most of the village on September 14, some Russian soldiers were still hiding in a house. Shortly after the message was delivered, three Russian soldiers emerged from their hideout, walking with their hands up, The Journal reported.
Persons: , Organizations: Street Journal, Service, Assault Brigade Locations: Ukraine, Russian, Andriivka, Donetsk
Ukrainian officials also said Kyiv's forces were resisting Russian attempts to reverse gains on the eastern front made by Kyiv since it launched the counteroffensive in June. Ukraine's southern group of forces outlined advances as Kyiv presses on with a drive towards the Sea of Azov to split Russian-occupied territory in the south and east. The General Staff of Ukraine's armed forces, in its evening report, said its forces had repelled Russian attacks near Robotyne and nearby Verbove. The General Staff report also said Russian forces had been unsuccessful in attempts to recapture ground near Andriivka - a village in the east recaptured by Ukrainian forces last month. It also said it had downed 31 drones launched by Kyiv overnight over three southern Russian regions, but reported no casualties or damage.
Persons: Oleksandr Shtupun, Volodymyr Zelenskiy, Ron Popeski, Stephen Coates Organizations: Reuters, Russia's Defence Ministry, General, Staff, Russian Locations: Russia, Kyiv, Azov, Robotyne, Verbove, Andriivka, Bakhmut, Russian, Belgorod
After a long hiatus, Wagner Group mercenaries are back on the battlefield, Ukraine's military says. AdvertisementAdvertisementWagner Group mercenaries are back in Ukraine after a lengthy absence from the battlefield. These fighters appear to be some of the best within the Russian ranks, but the threat is still low without their leader, Kyiv's military says. It's been several months since Wagner mercenaries last saw combat in eastern Ukraine. They captured the city in May, but amid the bloody campaign led to tensions flared between Wagner and the regular Russian military, ultimately leading to the mutiny.
Persons: Wagner, they're, Yevgeny Prigozhin, , It's, Illya, REUTERS Yevlash, Yevlash, Africa —, Stringer, Mykhailo Podolyak, Volodymyr Zelenskyy, Podolyak Organizations: Wagner Group, Service, Wagner, Telegram, REUTERS, RBC, Institute for, Southern Military District, Russian Defense Ministry Locations: Belarus, Russian, Bakhmut, Ukraine, Moscow, Russia, Africa, Ukrainian, Washington, Rostov, Don
Sept 27 (Reuters) - Ukrainian troops held off determined attacks on Wednesday by Russian forces trying to regain lost positions on the eastern front, military officials said, while analysts suggested Kyiv's forces were also making progress in the southern theatre. Ilia Yevlash, a spokesperson for Ukraine's eastern group of forces, told national television: "We continue to repel intense enemy attacks near Klishchiivka and Andriivka. There had been 544 Russian shelling incidents in the past 24 hours in the area, seven combat clashes and four air attacks, Yevlash said. Tarnavskyi referred to the village of Verbove, which other officials have said Ukrainian forces are poised to seize. Ukrainian forces are targeting several other villages as they progress through Zaporizhzhia region towards the major town of Tokmak.
Persons: Ilia Yevlash, Yevlash, Volodymyr Zelenskiy, Oleksandr Tarnavskyi, Roman Svitan, Ron Popeski, Maria Starkov, Jamie Freed 私 Organizations: Russian, Ukraine's, Staff, Russia's Defence Ministry, CNN Locations: Ukrainian, Bakhmut, Azov, Russia, Crimean, Klishchiivka, Russian, Donetsk, Nevelske, Verbove, Tokmak
Ukrainian servicemen fire a RAK-SA-12 small multiple launch rocket system towards Russian troops near the front line town of Bakhmut, amid Russia's attack on Ukraine, in Donetsk region, Ukraine July 10, 2023. Buoyed after the capture last week of the key village of Klishchiivka, Ukrainian troops have lauded the 155 millimetre howitzers as key equipment being provided by the United States and its NATO allies. Unit commander Oleksandr said Ukraine's armed forces "very much rely" on heavy artillery, including the Polish-made Krab gun and the U.S.-made M109 self-propelled howitzer. Oleksandr, 30, described Klishchiivka - a village on the heights south of the devastated town of Bakhmut - as "one of the places they (the Russians) were clinging to." The gains have been among the most significant in Ukraine's counteroffensive, which began in June and has struggled to break through entrenched Russian lines.
Persons: Sofiia, Oleksandr, Ukraine's, Volodymyr Zelenskiy, Anna Voitenko, Ronald Popeski, Max Hunder, Mike Harrison Organizations: REUTERS, West, Reuters, NATO, Thomson Locations: Bakhmut, Ukraine, Donetsk region, BAKHMUT, Russia, Klishchiivka, United States, U.S, Klischiivka, West
Buoyed after the capture last week of the key village of Klishchiivka, Ukrainian troops have lauded the 155 millimetre howitzers as key equipment being provided by the United States and its NATO allies. Unit commander Oleksandr said Ukraine's armed forces "very much rely" on heavy artillery, including the Polish-made Krab gun and the U.S.-made M109 self-propelled howitzer. We hear that we keep giving them hell and they keep wondering how much ammunition we have left." Oleksandr, 30, described Klishchiivka - a village on the heights south of the devastated town of Bakhmut - as "one of the places they (the Russians) were clinging to." The gains have been among the most significant in Ukraine's counteroffensive, which began in June and has struggled to break through entrenched Russian lines.
Persons: Anna Voitenko, Oleksandr, Ukraine's, Volodymyr Zelenskiy, Ronald Popeski, Max Hunder, Mike Harrison Organizations: West, Reuters, NATO Locations: BAKHMUT, Bakhmut, Russia, Klishchiivka, United States, U.S, Klischiivka, West
President Volodymyr Zelenskiy said this week that Kyiv would retake the city following the capture last week of Andriivka and Klishchiivka to the south. But it won't be easy because Russia will still fight hard for it, demonstrated by the ferocity of the combat his unit had just endured in the outlying villages. One shouldn't think that the counter-offensive and taking Bakhmut is easy: (that) we just flank them, close reinforcements routes and it is done. HEAVY FIREUkrainian soldiers who spoke to Reuters at a location about 20 km (12 miles) from Andriivka described a bloody slog, costing lives for every metre, before they ultimately vanquished the village's Russian defenders. "Our comrades from another unit came from one side.
Persons: Zelenskiy, Volodymyr Zelenskiy, Bakhmut, Andriivka, Viktor, Ilia, Ronald Popeski, Timothy Heritage, Peter Graff Organizations: Bakhmut Troops, Russian, Separate Assault Brigade, Reuters, Thomson Locations: Ukraine, Bakhmut, UKRAINE, Viktor, Ukrainian, Russia, Moscow
Russian forces are using desperate tactics to hold back Ukrainian advances, according to a think tank. The Institute for the Study of War said recent posts by Russian military bloggers and servicemen revealed desperate conditions for the Russian military near Bakhmut, which has been at the center of ferocious fighting. The ISW cited a Russian military blogger posting on Telegram, who criticized flawed orders to counterattack and retake the village of Andriivka, near Bakhmut. "The milblogger claimed that the Russian military command was planning 'weak' counterattacks and failed to provide accurate intelligence to Russian assault units. The milblogger observed that Russian forces also lack artillery support, while 'hysterical' counterattacks are depleting Russian resources and reserves," said the report.
Persons: they're, Sophia Ankel, George Barros Organizations: Institute for, Service, Troops, Russian, Ukrainian Armed Forces, Ukrainian, UK Ministry of Defense Locations: Ukraine, Bakhmut, Wall, Silicon, US, Russia, Russian, Andriivka, Verbove, Klishchiivka, Donetsk Oblast
Russia has redeployed troops away from Bakhmut, likely weakening its defenses, the UK MOD said. Ukrainian troops are within 5 miles of the city, the Ministry of Defence added. It's part of Ukraine's attempts to draw troops away from the main axis of the war, one expert said. AdvertisementAdvertisementUkraine breached a strategic defensive line and recaptured two villages, with Russian forces "likely battle-weary from the recent efforts to hold Klishchiivka and Andriivka," the ISW said. It added that Russian forces "will likely struggle to replenish their combat strength and defend against any further Ukrainian offensive activity."
Persons: Alex Kokcharov, Kokcharov Organizations: MOD, Ministry of Defence, Service, UK Ministry of Defence, Institute for, P Global Market Intelligence Locations: Russia, Bakhmut, Wall, Silicon, Ukraine, Klishchiivka, Orikhiv, Zaporizhzhia, Russian, Dnipro, Ukrainian
Servicemen of Ukraine's 3rd Separate Assault Brigade prepare to conduct a reconnaissance mission, amid Russia's attack on Ukraine, near Bakhmut, Ukraine September 7, 2023. REUTERS/Stringer Acquire Licensing RightsSummary Ukraine says it has retaken two villages near BakhmutSoldiers says more Western arms would speed up advancesUkrainian army still uses Soviet-era Grad systemsNEAR BAKHMUT, Ukraine, Sept 20 (Reuters) - Despite recent battlefield gains, Ukrainian soldiers fighting on the eastern front say they need more Western weapons to speed up their grinding counteroffensive against Russian forces. The West has provided Ukraine with arms worth billions of dollars since Russia's invasion nearly 19 months ago, and some Ukrainian troops have deployed Vampires and HIMARS. But Ukrainian soldiers suggest confidence is growing, especially after the recapture of the villages of Andriivka and Klishchiivka about eight km (five miles) south of Bakhmut. Until more sophisticated Western weapons arrive, the soldiers are likely to continue relying on the self-propelled Grad (meaning "hail") which came into service in the 1960s.
Persons: Stringer, Denys, Volodymyr Zelenskiy, Ivan, Andriivka, Ron Popeski, Timothy Organizations: Assault Brigade, REUTERS, Russian, General Assembly, Troops, Reuters, Timothy Heritage, Thomson Locations: Ukraine's, Ukraine, Bakhmut, Soviet, BAKHMUT, Czech, Moscow, Andriivka, Russia, Klishchiivka, Russian
A Russian soldier claimed that his regiment was being sent into hopeless fights, per independent media. His account suggests a desperate fight in the village of Andriivka, which Ukraine recently retook. AdvertisementAdvertisementLast Thursday, video appeared to show Ukrainian troops retaking Andriivka, which Russia quickly denied. AdvertisementAdvertisementWhen troops are sent in, there is barely any supporting fire from artillery because they have hardly any rounds, Ivanov told Svoboda. Vera, the wife, suggested that Russian troops had been ordered to fire on their compatriots if they retreated.
Persons: Bakhmut, Denis Ivanov, Svoboda, , Vera —, Andriivka, Ivanov, Vera Organizations: Service, Andriivka, for, Associated Press Locations: Russian, Andriivka, Ukraine, Wall, Silicon, Bakhmut, Russia, Ukrainian
A different report said "several" Russian soldiers died. According to the Ukrainian account, Ukraine still took two Russian soldiers captive after the explosion. It is not clear how many Russian soldiers were killed, but three soldiers were visible before the explosion in the drone footage shared by the battalion. AdvertisementAdvertisementUkrainian news outlet Euromaidan Press reported that "several" Russian soldiers died, some others survived, and Ukraine's troops were not harmed. Ukraine and Western intelligence have previously pointed to Russia shooting at its own surrendering soldiers.
Organizations: Service, 2nd Mechanized Battalion, Assault Brigade, Euromaidan Press, Ukrainian, UK Ministry of Defence Locations: Ukrainian, Ukraine, Wall, Silicon, Andriivka, Donetsk, Russian, Bakhmut, Russia
Ukrainian soldiers retook two villages south of Bakhmut in eastern Ukraine, a think tank reported. The attacks inflicted "severe" damage to Russian troops, The Institute for the Study of War said. The respected Institute for the Study of War said Ukrainian troops breached a strategic defensive line that Russian forces tried to hold onto in the area south of Bakhmut, citing Ukrainian military officials. The Ukrainian recapture of the villages — Klishchiivka and Andriivka — likely left Russian forces battle-worn and less able to fight. Ukraine's advance into new villages is the latest example of its steady but costly progress in the monthslong counteroffensive.
Persons: Andriivka —, Budanov, Mark Milley, aren't, Milley, Michael Kofman Organizations: Institute, Service, Russian, Reuters, US Army, Joint Chiefs of Staff, BBC News, Carnegie Endowment, International Peace, Kyiv Independent Locations: Bakhmut, Ukraine, Wall, Silicon
Ukrainian soldiers adjust their national flag atop a personnel armored carrier on a road near Lyman, in the Donetsk region, on Oct. 4, 2022. Ukraine recaptured two villages in the area around Bakhmut in Donetsk, eastern Ukraine, in recent days as its grueling counteroffensive continues in the south and east of the country. Ukraine's Deputy Defense Minister Hanna Maliar said Monday that Kyiv's forces had liberated Andriivka and Klishchiivka over the weekend but said Russian was "trying with all his might to regain lost positions." Ukraine's President Volodymyr Zelenskyy congratulated his forces in the region in his nightly address Sunday, saying "I would like to especially recognize the warriors who are gradually regaining Ukraine's territory in the area of Bakhmut." Ukraine's forces have also made modest gains in the south in the past week, regaining 2 square miles of territory in the area.
Persons: Hanna Maliar, Volodymyr Zelenskyy Locations: Lyman, Donetsk, Ukraine, Bakhmut, Andriivka, Russian
Colonel General Oleksandr Syrskyi, Commander of Ground Forces/via REUTERS Acquire Licensing RightsSept 18 (Reuters) - Ukraine reported on Monday its troops had recaptured more territory on the eastern front and advanced in the south in its military counteroffensive against Russian forces. Kyiv's troops have liberated 51 square km (19 square miles) near Bakhmut since the start of the counteroffensive, Maliar said. Ukrainian forces are trying to advance toward the Sea of Azov in a southern drive intended to split Russian forces retook 5.2 square km (two square miles) in the past week, said Maliar. Overall, Ukraine regained more than 260 square km (100 square miles) in the south during the counteroffensive, she said. During its three-month-old counteroffensive, Ukraine has reported slow, steady progress against entrenched Russian positions, retaking a string of villages and advancing on the flanks of Bakhmut, but taking no major settlements.
Persons: Oleksandr Syrskyi, Hanna Maliar, Maliar, Volodymyr Zelenskiy, Anna Pruchnicka, Michael Perry Organizations: Ground Forces, REUTERS Acquire, Russian, Deputy, Thomson Locations: Klishchiivka, Ukraine, Bakhmut, Andriivka, Donetsk, Ukrainian, Avdiivka, Azov, Russia
Ukraine likely made "a significant tactical breach" on the southern front, a new report says. The advance comes after a successful week for Ukrainian forces. The offensive of Ukrainian forces has been widening a gap in the frontline for several weeks, the report adds, clarifying that "Ukrainian forces have yet to complete a breakthrough of this defensive layer" with heavy armor and vehicles. Ukrainian forces told Reuters and Ukrainian media that an experimental sea drone called Sea Baby, was used as part of this attack. On Saturday, a NATO admiral told the military alliance that "history books will show Ukraine has transformed modern warfare.
Persons: Ukraine's, Al, ISW, Don — Organizations: Service, Assault Brigade, Reuters, Russia, Directorate of Intelligence, Ministry of Defence, Ukrainska Pravda, Fleet, MoD, Kilo, NATO Locations: Ukraine, Wall, Silicon, Robotyne, Andriivka, Bakhmut, Klishchiivka, Al Jazeera, Rozdolivka, Crimea, Screengrab, Russian, Ukrainian, Sevastopol, Russia, Minsk, Rostov
Total: 25